Dear Doctors,

DigiNerve is constantly evolving to enhance your experience while you’re on your journey to becoming a Top Doc. We are excited to bring you the latest updates with our commitment to ensure a seamless journey on the go.

Let’s look at the October edition of our monthly newsletter DN Buzz.

NEWLY LAUNCHED COURSE

Medicine MD Course

Chief Editors: Dr. Jyotirmoy Pal and Dr. Shashank Joshi

Advisory Editors: Dr. Girish Mathur and Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander

Associate Editors: Dr. Nandini Chatterjee, Dr. Jimit Vadgama, and Priyanka Shah

Key features of the course:

• 200+ Hours of Video Lecture
• 280 Topics in Notes
• 554 Benchmark Trials
• 1496 Self-Assessment Questions
• 106 Case Discussions
• 126 OSCEs
• 140 DxTx
• 28 Animated Videos integrated into Video Lectures
• Color-coded Drug Formulary
• Regular Chat Shows with Mentors
• Dr. Wise AI Chatbot Assistance
• Printed Notes

 

CONTENT UPDATES

POSTGRAD COURSE UPDATES

Courses	Updates (Additions in the Course)
Ophthalmology MD	The course now has a total of 3400 MCQs after the addition of 40 MCQs in the following topics under the ‘Retina’ module: Retinopathy of Prematurity: Etiopathogenesis, Risk Factors & Screening Retinopathy of Prematurity: 2021 Revised Classification Retinopathy of Prematurity: Management Chat Show on “Neuro Imaging in Raised Intracranial Pressure” by Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna and Dr. K. G. Srinivasan has been uploaded to the course. Learning Objectives of the Chat Show are: Understand the primary causes of raised ICP through neuroimaging. Learn to differentiate between various imaging modalities used in assessing raised ICP. Discuss treatment implications based on neuroimaging findings. Review emerging neuroimaging technologies for raised ICP assessment. Recognize key radiological signs of raised ICP, such as midline shift and cerebral edema. Explore the role of neuroimaging in diagnosing the underlying etiology of raised ICP. Analyze case studies to apply neuroimaging knowledge in clinical scenarios.
OBGYN MD	OBGYN MD printed notes are now available for purchase for existing and new subscribers.

PROFESSIONAL COURSE UPDATES

Course	Updates (Additions in the Course)
Critical Care Simplified	Candidates will be awarded a course completion certificate by the Sepsis Forum.
Organ Donation Simplified	Candidates will be awarded a course completion certificate by the Society of Neuro-Critical Care.

TECHNOLOGY UPDATES

We are thrilled to announce the launch of the Dr. Wise AI Chatbot for postgraduates. It will enable them in the following ways:

• Clarify theoretical as well as practical concepts through relevant information.
• Offer apt explanations of concepts, treatment modes, and more through integrated authentic published resources like books, journals, notes, and videos.

 

Update Your DigiNerve App for Better Experience.

The National Medical Commission (NMC) has achieved the coveted World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) Recognition Status for a tenure of 10 years. This is a prestigious achievement for India’s medical education. This esteemed award proves NMC’s steadfast dedication to the highest standards in medical education and accreditation.

The WFME recognition will now enable Indian medical graduates to pursue postgraduate training and practice in other countries that require WFME recognition, such as Australia, USA, Canada, and New Zealand.

The World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) is a global organization dedicated to raising the standard of medical education all over the world. The WFME accreditation programme is crucial in ensuring that medical institutions uphold and adhere to the highest levels of global education and training standards.

Dr. Yogender Malik, Member of the Ethics and Medical Registration Board and Head Media Division at NMC, on this remarkable achievement, said, “WFME’s recognition underscores that the quality of medical education in India adheres to global standards. This accolade empowers our students with the opportunity to pursue their careers anywhere in the world, while also making India an attractive destination for international students due to our globally recognized standards.”

Under this accreditation, all the 706 existing medical colleges in India will be considered WFME accredited, and the new colleges being set up in the coming 10 years will also be considered as WFME accredited. This will also benefit NMC in enhancing the quality and standards of Indian medical education by aligning them with global benchmarks. This will facilitate academic collaborations and promote continuous improvement and innovation in medical education.

Now NMC being WFME accredited has opened the doors for all the medical students for ECFMG and USMLE. All Indian students will become eligible to apply for the Education Commission on Foreign Medical Graduates and United States Medical Licensing Examination.

The National Medical Council, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in a press release dated 20th September 2023 has announced this remarkable update.

Global health comprises the biological and clinical facets of diseases along with the social, economic, political, and environmental determinants of health. The ability to confine health issues inside national borders has diminished as the globe becomes more linked.

The contribution of technology to the medical sector is unparalleled. With the years passing by technology is improving at the highest pace in the medicine sector. Nowadays, the use of AI, and the development of new therapies, drugs, drug development, and surgical procedures, have made complex medical procedures less complex and paved a path to minimally invasive surgeries. Millions of individuals throughout the world are having their lives improved as a result of these developments.

Global health has improved recently despite several obstacles like poverty, pandemics, disease outbreaks, conflicts, and climate change. Maternal and child fatalities have dropped significantly and since the development of new vaccinations, infectious illness spread has also been reduced. Governments and organisations have also boosted their funding for global health concerns and also significantly invested in newer technologies. The current developments in the healthcare industry are beneficial to global health and are an area with significant potential to enhance the health of people all over the world and in the medical field. We can improve the health of people all across the world by addressing the issues and embracing the possibilities.

Medical students and professionals must keep themselves updated and knowledgeable about the recent advancements in healthcare as it is going to impact their career growth to a great extent. To escalate the growth of your medical career, it is mandated to upskill.

The recent advancements in the global healthcare and medicine field are significant for several reasons. By offering more precise diagnoses, earlier illness detection, and more individualised treatment regimens, they have the potential to:

• Improve the quality of care for patients.
• By enabling remote monitoring and care and minimising the need for in-person visits, healthcare may be made more accessible and cheaper.
• Increase the effectiveness of healthcare delivery by simplifying administrative procedures and facilitating information exchange between healthcare professionals.
• Develop novel therapies and preventative measures to lessen the impact of chronic illnesses.
• Boost public health by keeping track of and rapidly and efficiently addressing illness outbreaks.

Below mentioned are technological advancements in medicine and global healthcare:

 

Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare

With the introduction of unprecedented tools for patient care, treatment, and diagnosis, artificial intelligence (AI) is drastically changing the healthcare industry.

For researchers interested in global health, AI-driven health interventions fall into four categories: diagnosis, patient morbidity or mortality risk assessment, disease outbreak prediction and surveillance, and health policy and planning. Machine learning, signal processing, data mining, natural language processing, and other forms of AI are applied in the healthcare sector.

Here are a few current applications of AI in healthcare:

• Diagnosis and treatment: Artificial intelligence (AI) paves the way for the screening of disease and can analyse medical images like X-rays and scans to identify illnesses early and more accurately than humans. AI may be used to create individualised treatment regimens for individuals based on their unique traits and requirements. Other applications of artificial intelligence being used in medicine include Digital chest radiographs, cervical cancer screening, estimating perinatal risk factors, and characterising and predicting the global spread of the Zika virus.
• Drug discovery: Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to search through extensive databases of chemicals and compounds to find possible new medicines. AI may also be used to foresee how pharmaceuticals would react in the body, lowering the possibility of adverse effects.
• Personalised medicine: Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to examine a patient’s genetic information, medical history, and lifestyle choices in order to develop a personalised treatment plan that has the highest chance of success.
• Risk assessment: AI may be used to predict the risk of disease and figure out how likely a patient is to have cancer or heart disease. Patients can utilise this knowledge to guide lifestyle adjustments that will lower their risk.
• Healthcare administration: AI may be used to automate processes like appointment scheduling, patient record management, and claim processing. This might free up medical personnel to concentrate on treating patients.
• Telemedicine: Platforms that employ AI in telemedicine can be used to offer doctor consultations via the Internet. Patients with limited access to healthcare in remote locations may particularly benefit from this.
• Robotics: Surgery, pharmaceutical dispensing, and other medical services can be carried out by AI-powered robots. This might aid in enhancing the effectiveness and precision of healthcare delivery.
• Big data analytics: Using AI, enormous databases of healthcare data may be analysed to spot trends and patterns. The diagnosis and treatment of illnesses can be made better with the use of this knowledge.
• Virtual assistants: AI-driven virtual assistants may be used to set up appointments, answer patients’ inquiries, and offer information about their conditions. The patient experience may be enhanced as a result of this.

The future of AI in healthcare is very promising. The use of AI in healthcare is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. In the years to come, as AI technology advances, it is anticipated to have a more significant influence on the healthcare industry.

 

Advances in Gene Editing Technology

The science of gene editing is expanding quickly. The way we treat illnesses is changing as a result of gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9. These technologies can be used to fix genetic flaws that lead to disease or to add new genes that can offer disease protection.

The following are some of the developments in gene editing technologies that are being investigated for medical applications:

• CRISPR-Cas9: A protein called Cas9 is used by CRISPR-Cas9 to cut DNA at a precise spot. This enables precise gene replacement, deletion, and insertion. The most popular gene editing technology, CRISPR-Cas9, is being researched for a number of uses, including the treatment of HIV, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and hereditary illnesses.

For instance, in cancer patients, CRISPR-Cas9 is being utilised to create novel cancer medicines that can target and eliminate cancer cells. CAR T-cell treatments, a sort of immunotherapy that employs a patient’s immune cells to combat cancer, are being developed by researchers utilising CRISPR-Cas9.

• Base editing: A more recent gene editing technique, base editing allows you to alter specific DNA nucleotides without actually cutting the DNA. Compared to CRISPR-Cas9, this makes it less likely to result in unwanted side effects. For the therapy of conditions including cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, base editing is being researched.
• RNA editing: An approach to gene editing that can target RNA molecules rather than DNA. This can be utilised to treat conditions like certain cancers that are brought on by RNA alterations.
• Gene therapy: Gene therapy is a treatment that involves introducing genes into cells to correct a genetic defect. Numerous illnesses, including cancer, HIV, and hereditary ailments, have been treated by gene therapy.

These are only a handful of the gene editing innovations that are being investigated for medical applications. Technology’s continued advancement will probably have a significant influence on how we manage diseases in the years to come.

 

Development of Precision Medicine

A person’s unique genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment are all taken into consideration when developing a medical treatment plan in precision/personalised medicine. This may result in a more effective and targeted treatment with fewer adverse effects.

Personalising medicine may be done in a variety of ways. Typical strategies include:

• Genetic testing includes examining a person’s DNA to see if there are any mutations or variances that might impact their likelihood of contracting a certain disease or their reaction to a particular medication.
• Biomarkers are quantifiable indications of a biological condition or state. Biomarkers can be used to monitor a patient’s response to therapy or to spot those who are most likely to catch a particular disease.
• Environmental factors, such as pollutant exposure, food, and exercise impact how people respond to therapy as well as the development of many diseases.

Precision medicine is becoming more and more feasible as we understand more about the human genome and the part genetics plays in disease. We can create more effective and focused therapies that may result in improvement by taking into consideration a person’s particular demands.

Here are some examples of current applications of precision medicine:

• High-risk cancer patients are identified via genetic testing, and targeted medicines are created that are more efficient for those who have certain genetic alterations.
• Biomarkers are being utilised to monitor an individual’s risk of developing heart disease and to pinpoint those who will benefit from certain therapies the most.
• Scientists are examining the genetic component of Alzheimer’s disease and creating targeted treatments that might be more efficient for those who carry particular genetic abnormalities.

Some of the challenges and limitations of precision medicine include cost, accuracy, accessibility, and regulation.

Personalised medicine is a promising subject with the potential to enhance millions of people’s lives despite these difficulties. It is anticipated to become more accessible, inexpensive, and accurate as technology advances.

 

Development of Telemedicine and Remote Healthcare 

Telemedicine and remote healthcare allow patients to receive care from a doctor or other healthcare provider without having to travel to a doctor’s office or hospital. This can help with healthcare access, particularly in remote locations. The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred telemedicine and remote healthcare development to a great extent. These services are increasingly enticing to patients and providers alike because of the requirement to maintain social distance and avoid in-person visits to healthcare institutions. There are several advantages to telemedicine and remote medical care, such as better access to healthcare, lower healthcare expenses, increased patient satisfaction, and better patient results.

Remote healthcare services and telemedicine come in a wide variety. The most popular ones are Tele-education, remote patient monitoring, and virtual doctor appointments.

Additionally, there are several drawbacks to telemedicine and remote treatment, such as security and privacy issues, a lack of financing, technical issues, and a shortage of skilled providers.

Despite these impediments, telemedicine and remote healthcare are expanding quickly and playing a bigger role in the healthcare system. These services are expected to become progressively more common and available as technology advances.

Here are some of the future trends in telemedicine and remote healthcare:

• Increasing the use of artificial intelligence (AI): AI may be applied to personalise treatment regimens, increase the precision of diagnoses, and keep track of patient’s health.
• Development of novel telehealth technology: More thorough and individualised treatment will be feasible thanks to new gadgets like wearable sensors and virtual reality headsets.
• Expansion into new areas: Telemedicine and remote healthcare will be utilised to deliver care in new areas, such as managing chronic diseases and mental health.

 

Application of 3D Printing in Healthcare

3D printing in medicine is being used to create customised medical items including prostheses, implants, and surgical guides. This innovation might save expenditures while raising the standard of treatment. A rapidly developing technology, 3D printing has a wide range of potential uses in the healthcare sector. Among the most widespread applications of 3D printing in the medical field, some are mentioned below:

• Producing patient-specific medical devices: 3D printing may be used to produce personalised medical items like implants, prostheses, and surgical guides that are tailored to the anatomy of a single patient. In addition to lowering the risk of problems, this can enhance the device’s fit and functionality.
• Building medical models and educating healthcare professionals: 3D printing may be used to build accurate representations of the human body’s organs, tissues, and tumours. These models can be used to aid in the planning and execution of intricate treatments as well as the education of patients about their conditions. This can assist them in picking up new abilities and methods, as well as in practising approaches in a secure setting.
• Creating novel medications and treatments: Tissue scaffolds for cell culture and intricate drug delivery systems may be made using 3D printing. This can aid in the development of novel treatments and medications by researchers for a number of disorders.
• Customising care: Using 3D printing, it is possible to develop treatments and drugs that are specifically suited to the requirements of a certain patient. This might increase the therapy’s efficacy and security.

Here are some specific examples of how 3D printing is being used in healthcare today:

• A company named Materialise has created a 3D-printed breast implant that is specifically designed for women with tuberous breasts. This type of breast deformity is often difficult to treat with traditional implants, but the 3D-printed implant can provide a more natural and comfortable fit.
• A team of researchers at the University of California, San Diego has developed a 3D-printed surgical guide that can be used to remove brain tumors with greater precision and accuracy.
• A company named Organovo has developed a 3D printer that can be used to create human tissue. This tissue can be used to study diseases, develop new drugs, and create personalized medical implants.

These are some of the numerous uses for 3D printing that are now being made in the medical field. As technology advances, it will probably have a bigger influence on the healthcare sector, enhancing the standard of treatment and enhancing accessibility for all.

The use of blockchain technology to increase the security and effectiveness of healthcare data exchange is one of the significant developments being made in the world of healthcare. Smart technologies, particularly wearable sensors, are being developed to extract therapeutically significant health-related data from physical (body) indicators like heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiration rate, and body motion. The technology has now also come up with immersive virtual and augmented reality training and education in the medical field.

Advancements in technology, increased investment in global health, partnerships, collaborations among the government, organizations, and individuals, and innovations altogether make a significant contribution to addressing the challenges to global health and improving health outcomes. The rapid pace of technical improvement has made these developments feasible. These technologies will have a bigger influence on global healthcare as they advance.

 

The Chapter 2 of the NMC Update describes the broad outline of the National Exit Exam, including general features of steps 1 and 2, NExT scores, nature of scores, minimum passing score, etc.

General Features of the NExT Exam

The NExT Exam shall comprise two separate exams referred to as “Steps”.

Step 1: Theoretical Examination

Step 2: Practical/Clinical and Viva Voce Examination

 

NExT Step 1

1.NExT Step 1 shall be a theoretical and Computer-based/Online examination.

2. It shall comprise one or more types of multiple-choice questions.

3. This shall be a Centralized Common All India Examination that will be held by a body designated by the commission as the conducting authority.

4. The examination shall include six papers covering topics from both Part 1 and 2 of the III MBBS/Final MBBS programme:

• Medicine and allied disciplines
• Surgery and allied disciplines
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Ophthalmology

(Applied aspects of all subjects covered under I MBBS and II MBBS and Applied aspects of all subjects covered under III MBBS/Final MBBS Part l)

5. Students who have completed their III MBBS/Final MBBS course from a recognized medical college shall be eligible to appear for the examination.

6. NExT Step 1 Examination shall be held twice a year in the months of May and November tentatively.

7. There shall be no restriction on the number of attempts to participate in NExT Step 1 provided that the candidate has completed both the NExT Step 1 and NExT Step 2 exams within ten years of enrolling in the MBBS Course.

8. There is no cap on the number of times for attempting the NExT Step 1 Regular Examination to improve your score but you can only go for the improvement after completing your NExT Step 2.

9. The III MBBS/Final MBBS Part 1 and III MBBS/Final MBBS Part II Practical/clinical examinations will continue to be held conventionally unless otherwise stated by the Commission and the NExT Step 1 will replace the traditional university/institutional Theory Examinations of the III MBBS/Final MBBS Part II.

 

NExT Step 2

1. The NExT Step 2 shall be a Practical/Clinical and viva voce examination comprising seven clinical subjects/disciplines:

• Medicine and allied disciplines
• Surgery and allied disciplines
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Ophthalmology
• Orthopaedics and PMR (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

2. The exam shall be objectively structured, clinical case-based, and use simulated cases and patients to evaluate practical and clinical skills as well as clinical decision-making and communication abilities expected of an Indian medical graduate.

3. The exam must be taken in person or live, and it must be administered by the relevant state health universities or institutions in accordance with the norms and directives given by the Commission. The Commission will choose the university or institution that is permitted to conduct NExT Step 2 for the relevant colleges where there are no state health universities.

4. The Regular NExT Step 2 Exam shall be held twice a year.

5. A NExT Step 2 Supplementary Examination is only open to candidates who have failed in one or more (up to three) of the seven subjects and are required to repeat specific subjects. It will be held twice a year. If a candidate fails in more than three subjects, then they will have to appear in supplementary exams of all the seven subjects.

7. As long as the candidate has completed both the NExT Step 1 and NExT Step 2 Examinations within ten years of enrolling in the MBBS programme, there is no restriction on the number of attempts to participate in NExT Step 2.

NExT Scores

1. Nature of Scoring

1. The marks in NExT Step 1 must be calculated as a whole number, which will serve as the Raw Scores with the proper decimals. Also, equivalent Percentages (marks out of a maximum of 100) with the proper decimals may then be calculated.
2. The outcomes of the NExT 2 exams will only be reported as Pass/Fail depending on the acquisition of the relevant competence that is being evaluated.

2. Minimum scores for passing

1. The minimum score to pass shall be 50% of the total or half of the maximum possible Raw for NExT Step 1.
2. To pass the NExT Step 1 exam, you must receive a minimum of 50% (50 out of 100) in each of the six papers or half of the maximum possible Raw Scores.
3. The requirements for passing NExT Step 2 include a successful demonstration of having acquired the competencies that are evaluated, with a pass/fail result being given.

3. Calculation of NExT Step 1 scores for determining merit for the purpose of admission to Postgraduate courses in broad specialties

1. The sum of the raw scores earned in each paper or topic in a single NExT 1 exam will be used to calculate the Total Marks for determining the merit, particularly for admission to broad specialization Postgraduate Courses.
2. The candidate must follow the generation of a rank application process as stipulated by the Commission from time to time in order to determine rank for admission into Postgraduate courses in broad specializations in a given academic year. Only individuals who have submitted an application for rank generation will be eligible for admission for that cycle of the academic year.
3. The NExT Step results will be valid for five years in order to determine merit, notably for admission to broad-specialty postgraduate courses. If a candidate has appeared in the NExT exam cycle then the score of the latest given NExT step 1 exam will be considered.
4. Tie-breaker rule for rank generation:

• • Normalized sum of raw scores obtained in each paper in NExT step 1 although the method of normalization will be notified later.
  • Candidate with the lower attempts in NExT step 1 will be placed higher in the merit list.
  • Candidates will be given higher rank based on the higher marks in the following order of preference:

1. 1. 1. Medicine and allied disciplines
      2. Surgery and allied disciplines
      3. Obstetrics and Gynecology
      4. Pediatrics
      5. Otorhinolaryngology
      6. Ophthalmology

4. Utility of NExT Scores

1. An MBBS student from a college recognized by the Commission shall be eligible for compulsory internship only if they pass in each of the six theory papers of NExT Part 1 and also pass in III MBBS/Final MBBS (Part 2) Practical/Clinical Examination.
2. A medical student who has completed their undergraduate studies abroad at an institution recognized by the Commission and who has met the necessary requirements outlined in the Commission’s Foreign Medical Graduate Regulations is eligible to participate in the mandatory rotating internship programme only if they pass in all six NExT Step 1 Theory Papers.
3. A medical graduate who received their training in India or outside of India will be entitled to register in the Indian Medical Register and State Medical Register and obtain a license to practice modern medicine in India, only if, they have completed the internship for the appropriate length of time and have successfully passed the NExT Step 2 (Practical / Clinical) Examination. You must fulfill all the requirements as per the Registration of Medical Practitioners and Licence to practice Medicine Regulations, of NMC. Also, all the other requirements are considered appropriate by the Commission, Concerned University/Institution and duly applicable at that time.
4. For admission to PG medical courses in broad specialty subjects, a candidate must meet the following criteria:
   • Candidates must meet the conditions outlined for NExT Part 1 and 2, making them eligible for a license to practice modern medicine in India.
   • Must engage in common counselling by a designated authority granted by the Central Government or Commission.
5. The NExT Step I Scores may be used by the Government of India, the State Governments, any organization of the Government of India, the State Governments, or any autonomous or private body/institution for the purpose of employment, provided that the necessary authorization has been sought and authorized by the National Medical Commission or other appropriate authorities as determined to be appropriate.

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 1 (Preliminary)

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 3 (General Information)

The NExT Exam latest news includes Chapter 1 (Preliminary) and Chapter 2 (Broad Outline) and Chapter 3 (General Information).

The core objective of the NExT exam is to provide consistency in summative evaluations conducted across the nation in relation to the minimal requirements for a medical graduate’s education and training.

The National Exit Test (NExT), shall serve as a licentiate examination for validating a medical graduate’s eligibility to register for practice the contemporary system of medicine in India.

NExT will also act as an entrance exam for admission to PG medical education in broad medical specialties by determining the eligibility and ranking of the MBBS students.

 

The National Exit Exam shall be applicable to:

1. All undergraduate medical students seeking the MBBS degree at all medical colleges that have been accredited by the National Medical Commission along with Institutes of National Importance (INIs) are subject to the National Exit Test (NExT).
2. All foreign medical graduates who have been granted approval by the NMC for the purposes of obtaining a license to practice medicine as a registered medical practitioner in India and for enrollment in the State Register or the National Register in such a manner as may be specified by regulations.
3. Anyone with a medical degree aiming to pursue an academic course, an observership, or any other purpose that may be specified and allowed by the NMC by appropriate notification or rules from time to time.
4. Anyone with the granted medical license practicing in India wishes to pursue PG degree can take the NExT exam.

 

According to the draft released, the NExT comprises two separate examinations, referred to as “Steps”.

Step 1: Theoretical Examination
Step 2: Practical/Clinical and Viva Voce Examination

 

The Commission shall from time to time determine, by appropriate regulations and/or notification, the applicable method of employing the NExT results for admission to Postgraduate Courses in wide medical specialties by means of common counselling by the designated authority.

There is no confirmation yet on the academic session to which the NExT exam will be applicable but when it will come into force, all other corresponding and equivalent examinations shall be phased/ceased out.

It is still to be decided by the Commission Central Government, State Government, that the existing examinations, however, shall continue for as long as may be necessary or the analogous existing exams will be replaced by the NExT. The Commission will decide when it is necessary and will notify the use of scores and normalization of various examinations and the NExT, when applicable concurrently, for such purposes as may be appropriate.

Chapters 2 and 3 of the update include the complete structure of the NExT Examination, objectives, exam pattern, eligibility, distribution of subjects, nature of scoring, timetables, and more.

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 2 (Broad Outline)

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 3 (General Information)

Can you crack NEET PG in 2 months? The answer is yes! However, cracking NEET PG in 2 months is no easy feat and requires serious dedication, diligence, and hard work. Cracking NEET-PG in 2 months is possible with frequent revision of all the concepts an aspirant has learned in his/her MBBS years. There is no doubt that NEET PG is one of the toughest exams in India but learning how to crack NEET PG in first attempt is even harder. Given the vastness of the syllabus, the fierce competition, and the limited time frame, let’s figure out exactly how you can channel all your motivation towards learning how to prepare for NEET PG 2023 in 2 months.

1. Create A Dedicated Study Schedule – Forming a study schedule that details exactly what topics you need to study and when to study is essential in the path to cracking NEET PG in 2 months. By analysing the syllabus and assessing your weak points, you can create a highly effective and productive timetable for NEET PG 2023 preparation in 2 months. By creating a personalised and productive timetable for NEET PG preparation in 2 months, you can get started each day without having to waste time deciding what you need to study as it will all be planned out for you to simply follow.

Here’s a 2 Months subject-wise revision plan for NEET-PG 2023:

Part	Number of days to complete each subject	Total number of days
PART 1
Anatomy	3 days	9 days
Physiology	2 days
Biochemistry	2 days
Solve NEET PG practice questions and previous year’s question papers	2 days
PART 2
Microbiology	2 days	12 days
Pathology	3 days
Pharmacology	3 days
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	1 day
Solve NEET PG practice questions and previous year’s question papers	3 days
PART 3
Community Medicine & PSM	3 days	10 days
ENT	2 days
Ophthalmology	2 days
Solve NEET PG practice questions and previous year’s question papers	3 days
PART 4
Dermatology	1 day	13 days
Medicine	5 days
Psychiatry	1 day
Pediatrics	1 day
Solve NEET PG practice questions and previous year’s question papers	5 days
PART 5
Surgery	5 days	16 days
Anaesthesia	1 day
Orthopaedics	1 day
Radiology	1 day
Obstetrics & Gynecology	3 days
Solve NEET PG practice questions and previous year’s question papers	5 days
Solve one NEET-PG mock exam every two weeks to boost your preparation and manage time

Every aspirant has their own competencies so you can personalize the above shared plan according to your difficulty level of any subject.

2. Practice Previous-Year Papers – Studying past years’ papers can help you adjust to the method of questioning while also providing good practice. Your 2-month study plan for NEET PG 2023 should be loaded with as many relevant past papers and sample papers as possible. By slotting breaks to only attempt these papers after several rounds of revision, you can make the most out of your 2 month study plan for NEET PG 2023.

Click here to know the important topics of Pharmacology for NEET-PG.

3. Revise Thoroughly – Memorising and understanding such a large syllabus is not an easy task, especially when your plan rests on how to prepare for NEET PG 2023 in 2 months. Thus, the answer for cracking NEET PG in 2 months comes through the form of repeated bouts of revision. Make sure you periodically revise topics you’ve already studied, either through mock tests, other self-assessment, or even repeatedly reading your notes. Try flowcharts, mnemonics, flashcards to memorize well.

Click here to know the important topics of Community Medicine for NEET-PG.

4. Learn To Sacrifice – If you want to know how to prepare for NEET PG 2023 in 2 months, the simple solution is learning to prioritise and sacrifice certain things. During your 2 month study plan for NEET PG 2023, you will come across some topics that are personally too difficult or time-consuming, so plan to clear your concepts of these topics first. For this, you can resort to online platforms like DigiNerve which provides best content by India’s top faculty.

Click here to know the important topics of Microbiology for NEET-PG.

Now that the question of ‘Can you crack NEET PG in 2 months’ has been answered, and guidelines for an effective timetable for NEET PG preparation in 2 months have been given to you, get started! For more tips on how to crack NEET PG 2023 in first attempt, click here and clear your concepts with DigiNerve.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. When will be NEET PG 2023 exam conducted?

Ans. NEET-PG 2023 exam will be conducted in the month of March.

Q2. Will NEET-PG 2023 be held?

Ans. Yes, NEET-PG will be held in 2023 as per the notifications till now. The NExT exam is likely to be held from year 2024.

Q3. How many times a year is NEET PG held?

Ans. The NEET-PG exam is held once in a year.

 

 

National Eligibility Cum Entrance Examination-Post Graduate (NEET PG) is a medical entrance exam that goes around in the mind of MBBS students all the time, and getting a good rank to secure an MD/MS seat is a dream for all MBBS graduates.

Remember,

Perseverance makes all the difference.

Getting a high rank in the exam is a tough task but not impossible. To score 600+ marks in NEET PG 2023, you must plan an effective preparation strategy keeping in mind subject weightage, the pattern of the exam, high-yielding topics, and best preparation books. Considering the vast syllabus and the competition, an aspirant should start the preparation in the early phase itself.

Here are some reliable preparation tips to secure a good rank in the NEET PG 2023 entrance examination.

Preparation Tips for NEET PG 2023

1. Make an effective preparation strategy

Keeping in mind the time left for the exam, prioritize your schedule. Make a realistic plan you can stick to and devote your time according to the topics, including those that you haven’t started, those that are unclear and those that you only need to revise once. Time management and work-life balance are the two factors that should be kept in mind for an effective plan especially during postings. Knowing the exam pattern and subject weightage would also help you prepare a better preparation strategy.

Keeping in mind the last year exam date (12^th March 2022), below is a 3-months effective preparation strategy to crack NEET PG 2023.

Subject-wise time division:

Part	Number of days to complete	Total days
PART 1
Anatomy	5 days	13 days
Physiology	3 days
Biochemistry	3 days
Revision	2 days
PART 2
Microbiology	5 days	19 days
Pathology	5 days
Pharmacology	4 days
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2 days
Revision	3 days
PART 3
Community Medicine & PSM	7 days	15 days
ENT	2 days
Ophthalmology	3 days
Revision	3 days
PART 4
Dermatology	3 days	17 days
Medicine	5 days
Psychiatry	3 days
Pediatrics	3 days
Revision	3 days
PART 5
Surgery	7 days	26 days
Anaesthesia	3 days
Orthopaedics	3 days
Radiology	3 days
Obstetrics & Gynecology	6 days
Revision	4 days

Keep the rest of the time for quick revision and practicing previous years NEET PG practice questions.

2. Analyze your level of understanding

Analyze your level of understanding of the syllabus and subjects for the NEET PG exam. Divide your time and make your study plan as per your level of understanding in the subject and module. Don’t ignore the subjects which seem boring to you as doing so can prove to be the wrong decision ever. It is hence advised to make short notes and flashcards of the important dates, events, and information for quick revision, especially in scoring subjects such as PSM.

3. Set your target

As per your preparation strategy, set your daily, weekly, or monthly targets and keep up your pace. Completion of the tasks will boost your confidence every time. For instance, you can set your target as completing at least two previous year’s papers in a week depending upon your schedule. It is advised that while solving the question papers, make sure you read about the incorrect options along with the correct answer to upskill your preparation. Always read the question and options carefully. Don’t jump to the conclusion and try to rule out the incorrect options while practicing and reading about them.

Don’t get overburdened with tasks. Take breaks.

4. Revision

Don’t just read topics but get your concepts cleared to memorize retention. Learning and revising should go simultaneously. If you have read any topic today then revise it within 5-10 days once and don’t leave it for later as you’ll be loaded with more topics by then. So, regular revision is a must to brush up on your concepts. This technique of balancing learning and revising helps in memorizing well and reduces last-minute pressure.

Always prefer to study from your notes including flowcharts, tables, and mnemonics for NEET PG exam.

For instance,

A. The mnemonic ‘SAMPLE history’ is to remember all the events for the diagnosis.

Signs and symptoms

Allergies

Medications

Past medical history

Last meal

Events

B. Another mnemonic to remember for pain is SOCRATES.

Site

Onset

Character

Radiation

Associated symptoms

Timing

Exacerbating /relieving factors

Severity (/10)

 

5. Practice MCQs

Solving MCQs gives you exposure to the NEET-PG 2023 exam pattern. After completing each topic, go through its self-assessment questions which benefit your learning in two ways; one, you’ll be able to assess your level of understanding of the topic, and second, you’ll know the type of MCQs which can be framed from the topic in the exam.

This practice also helps you analyse the topics which in general have more direct questions, or IBQs, clinical case-based questions, and more. This helps you enhance your problem-solving skills.

6. Solve Previous year’s questions

Solving PYQs is a must. This makes you familiar with the exam pattern and monitors your progress. It is advisable to practice PYQs with your timer on. Time management plays a vital role in the examination. PYQs of the NEET-PG exam will help you get familiarized with the NEET PG 2023 exam paper pattern along with the type of questions asked. This practice also instils confidence in you.

7. Focus on high-yielding topics

Make a proper list of subjects with their high-yielding topics and make sure you don’t miss any for the exam. Make proper notes of these topics and revise properly while solving MCQs and PYQs.

Click here to know the important topics of Microbiology for NEET-PG.

Click here to know the important topics of Community Medicine for NEET-PG.

Click here to know the important topics of Pharmacology for NEET-PG.

Click here to know the important topics of Pathology for NEET PG.

8. Prioritize your health

While keeping up your pace for NEET PG 2023, don’t exhaust your body and mind. Keep yourself healthy to study effectively. It can be easy to develop harmful habits like bingeing on junk food, skipping workouts, isolating oneself excessively, or even sinking into a depressed state of mind while preparing for NEET PG.

However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, eating wholesome foods, engaging in brief bursts of much-needed socialization, and regularly monitoring your mental health is of the utmost importance, particularly if you want to score 600+ in the NEET PG 2023. Make sure to take proper sleep, minimize your level of stress, and meditate. It is important to stay focused and have a positive mindset. Have faith in yourself. Keep yourself hydrated and stay away from distractions.

To get conceptual clarity on MBBS courses online, click here.

 

INI-CET is a combined national-level entrance examination for admission to the medical postgraduate courses – MD, MS, DM (6 yrs), MCh (6 yrs), and MDS at INI institutes (Institute of National Importance). The INI-CET January session 2023 exam is around the corner. Getting admission to INI institutes is highly challenging and a dream for MBBS students. This is a highly competitive task to secure a seat in the renowned medical colleges in India.

Remember, Perseverance is the key.

The INI-CET exam is going to be held on 13^th Nov 2022 for admission to the AIIMS INI-CET January session 2023.

Mode and Scheme of INI-CET January 2023 exam

Particulars	Description
Mode of Examination	Computer-based test (CBT)
Duration	3 hours (180 minutes)
Number of questions	200
Types of questions	Objective type
Marking Scheme	+1 mark for every correct response and -1/3 for every incorrect response

 

Important things to know:

• If more than one candidate scores the same, then this tie-breaker situation is resolved by applying the following criteria sequentially:

1. 1. Less negative marks
   2. Older by age

• Candidates equal to 8 (eight) times the number of postgraduate seats available in each category will be called for the first and second rounds of seat distribution based on the INI-CET merit list.
• Spot Round Counseling will only be conducted if the seats will remain vacant even after the open round counseling.

List of Participating Institutes for INI-CET January 2023 Session

S. No.	Name
1	AIIMS, New Delhi
2	AIIMS, Bhopal
3	AIIMS, Bhubaneswar
4	AIIMS, Jodhpur
5	AIIMS, Nagpur
6	AIIMS, Patna
7	AIIMS, Raipur
8	AIIMS, Rishikesh
9	AIIMS, Bibinagar
10	AIIMS, Bhatinda
11	AIIMS, Deoghar
12	AIIMS, Mangalagiri
13	AIIMS, Raebareli
14	JIPMER, Puducherry
15	NIMHANS, Bengaluru
16	PGIMER, Chandigarh
17	SCTIMST, Trivandrum

 

Here’s the tentative seat distribution (Category-wise) for admission to various MS/MD/DM (6 years)/MCh (6 years)/MDS courses at AIIMS, New Delhi and other 12 AIIMS through the INI-CET entrance examination for the January session of 2023.

Table 1: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, New Delhi:

Courses	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	17	7	5	3	1	1
MD	Anatomy	5	2	1	1	1	0
MD	Biochemistry	8	4	2	1	1	0
MD	Biophysics	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Community Medicine	9	5	2	1	0	1
MD	Dermatology & Venerology	5	1	2	1	0	1
MD	Emergency Medicine	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Geriatric Medicine	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Lab. Medicine	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Medicine	11	5	3	2	0	1
MD	Microbiology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Nuclear Medicine	4	3	0	0	0	1
MD	Obstetrics & Gynecology	11	4	3	2	1	1
MD	Ophthalmology	6	3	1	1	1	0
MS	Orthopaedics	4	1	1	1	0	1
MS	Otorhinolaryngology	5	1	1	1	1	1
MD	Pediatrics	10	3	3	2	1	1
MD	Palliative Medicine	4	3	1	0	0	0
MD	Pathology	10	4	3	1	1	1
MD	Pharmacology	6	1	2	1	1	1
MD	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2	2	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	10	5	2	1	1	1
MD	Psychiatry	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Radiodiagnosis & Internventional Radiology	4	1	1	1	1	0
MD	Radiation Oncology	4	3	1	0	0	0
MS	Surgery	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Transfusion Medicine	5	2	2	1	0	0
MDS	Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics	1	0	1	0	0	0
MDS	Pediatrics & Preventive Dentistry	2	0	1	0	0	1
MDS	Prosthodontics	1	0	1	0	0	0
MCh	Neuro Surgery M.Ch (Direct 6 year Course)	2	2	0	0	0	0
MCh	Paediatric Surgery M.Ch (Direct 6 year Course)	2	2	0	0	0	0
DM	Infectious Diseases DM(Direct 6 year Course)	4	4	0	0	0	0

Table 2: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bhopal:

Courses	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	6	5	1	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine	5	2	1	0	1	1
MS	ENT	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	3	1	0	1	0	1
MS	General Surgery	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynecology	3	1	0	1	1	0
MD	Ophthalmology	3	1	1	0	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	4	2	1	0	1	0
MD	Pathology	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Pharmacology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	1	2	0	0	1
MD	Radiotherapy	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank	2	0	0	1	1	0

Table 3: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	9	3	2	2	1	1
MD	Anatomy	7	3	2	2	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	3	1	0	1	1	0
MD	Community Medicine	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Dermatology	3	1	1	0	1	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	5	2	1	1	1	0
MS	ENT	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	5	2	1	1	1	0
MD	General Medicine	3	2	0	0	0	1
MS	General Surgery	6	2	2	1	0	1
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Nuclear Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Obst. & Gynecology	6	3	1	1	0	1
MD	Ophthalmology	2	0	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	6	4	1	0	0	1
MD	Pediatrics	5	2	1	1	1	0
MD	Pathology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Pharmacology	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Physiology	6	2	1	1	1	1
MD	PMR	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	Psychiatry	4	1	0	1	1	1
MD	Radiodiagnosis	3	2	0	0	1	0
MD	Radiotherapy	3	1	1	0	0	1
MD	Transfusion Medicine	3	1	1	1	0	0

 

Table 4: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Jodhpur:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology & Critical Care	17	6	5	3	1	2
MD	Anatomy	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	3	1	1	0	0	1
MD	Community Medicine	6	2	2	1	1	0
MD	Dermatology & Venerology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	4	2	1	0	1	0
MD	General Medicine	4	2	1	1	0	0
MS	General Surgery	7	2	2	1	1	1
MD	Microbiology	6	2	2	1	0	1
MD	Nuclear Medicine	3	1	1	0	1	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Ophthalmology	4	2	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	5	2	1	0	1	1
MS	Otorhinolaryngology	6	2	1	1	1	1
MD	Paediatrics	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Pathology	7	2	2	1	1	1
MD	Pharmacology	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	PMR	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Radiology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank	2	1	1	0	0	0
MCh	Paediatric Surgery (M.CH. 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0
DM	Radiation Oncology (D.M. 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0

 

Table 5: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Patna:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	18	8	5	3	1	1
MD	Anatomy	5	3	1	0	1	0
MD	Biochemistry	9	4	3	2	0	0
MD	Community Medicine & Family Medicine	8	3	2	1	0	2
MD	Dermatology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MS	ENT	2	1	0	0	1	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	7	2	2	2	0	1
MD	FMT (Forensic Medicine & Toxicology)	4	2	1	0	0	1
MD	Medicine	6	5	1	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	OBG (Obstetrics & Gynaecology)	5	1	1	0	2	1
MD	Ophthalmology	4	1	1	1	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	5	2	2	1	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	7	2	2	1	1	1
MD	Pathology	5	0	2	1	1	1
MD	Pharmacology	3	3	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	7	4	2	1	0	0
MD	PMR	2	0	1	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	4	2	1	0	0	1
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	1	1	1	1	0
MD	Radiotherapy	2	0	2	0	0	0
MS	Surgery	5	2	1	1	0	1
MCh	Pediatric Surgery (MCh 6 Years)	3	3	0	0	0	0

Table 6: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Raipur:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	13	4	4	2	1	2
MD	Anatomy	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Community Medicine	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Dermatology	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	8	3	2	1	1	1
MS	ENT	5	2	2	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	General Medicine	9	4	3	1	0	1
MS	General Surgery	8	3	3	1	0	1
MD	Microbiology	5	2	2	1	0	0
MD	Nuclear Medicine	1	0	0	0	1	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	7	2	1	2	0	2
MD	Ophthalmology	8	4	2	1	1	0
MS	Orthopaedics	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Pediatrics	7	3	1	1	1	1
MD	Pathology	8	4	2	2	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2	0	1	1	0	0
MD	Physiology	2	0	1	0	0	1
MD	Psychiatry	4	1	1	1	1	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	1	2	1	0	0
MD	Radiotherapy	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Transfusion Medicine	4	3	1	0	0	0
MDS	Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (MDS)	1	1	0	0	0	0
MDS	Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry (MDS)	1	0	1	0	0	0

Table 7: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Rishikesh:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	7	3	2	1	0	1
MD	Anatomy	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	4	2	0	0	1	1
MD	Community & Family Medicine	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Dermatology & Venerology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	3	2	0	1	0	0
MS	ENT	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	General Medicine	4	3	1	0	0	0
MD	Geriatric Medicine	1	0	1	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	3	1	1	0	0	1
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	Nuclear Medicine	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	8	4	2	1	1	0
MD	Ophthalmology	6	4	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Pathology	5	3	1	1	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Physiology	3	2	0	0	0	1
MD	Psychiatry	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Radiation Oncology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	2	1	0	0	1
MD	Respiratory Medicine	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Transfusion Medicine	3	2	1	0	0	0
MDS	Periodontics (MDS)	1	1	0	0	0	0
MDS	Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (MDS)	1	1	0	0	0	0
MCH 6 Years	Pediatric Surgery (MCH 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0
MCh	Plastic, Reconstructive & Burns Surgery (M.CH. 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0
MCh	Neurosurgery (MCH 6 yrs)	1	1	0	0	0	0

 

Table 8: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Nagpur:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	1	0	0	0	0	1
MD	Biochemistry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine	3	1	2	0	0	0
MD	Dermatology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	3	0	2	0	0	1
MS	General Surgery	3	0	1	1	1	0
MD	Microbiology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Ophthalmology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	Otorhinolaryngology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	3	0	1	0	1	1
MD	Pathology	3	0	1	1	1	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	1	1	0	0	0	0
MDS	Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics (MDS)	0	0	0	0	0	0

 

Table 9: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bibinagar:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anatomy	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Anaesthesiology	2	2	0	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine & Family Medicine	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	FMT	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	2	1	0	0	0	1
MS	General Surgery	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	0	1	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	2	0	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	2	2	0	0	0	0
MD	Peediatrics	2	0	1	1	0	0
MD	Pathology	2	1	0	0	0	1

 

Table 10: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bathinda:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anatomy	1	0	0	1	0	0
MS	General Surgery	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	0	1	0
MD	Ophthalmology	1	0	0	0	1	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	0	1	0	0	0

 

Table 11: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Deoghar:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Biochemistry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine & Family Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Anaesthesiology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Anatomy	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	FMT	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	1	0	0	0	0	1
MD	Pathology	1	1	0	0	0	0

 

Table 12: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Mangalagiri:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	2	0	0	1	0	1
MD	Community & Family Medicine	2	1	0	0	1	0
MS	ENT	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	OBG	2	0	1	0	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	2	1	1	0	0	0

 

Table 13: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Raebareli:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	2	0	0	1	0	1
MD	Community & Family Medicine	2	1	0	0	1	0
MS	ENT	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	OBG	2	0	1	0	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	2	1	1	0	0	0

 

Last-Minute Tips for INI-CET Exam:

• Candidates must carry all the asked documents such as INI-CET admit card, passport size photograph, valid photo ID proof, and a copy of MCI registration certificate with them on the exam day.
• Reverify all your documents before coming to the exam hall.
• Candidates are advised to go through all the guidelines issued by AIIMS for the examination.
• Candidates must reach the INI-CET exam center before time to avoid any chaos.
• Avoid Stress and be confident.
• Eat healthy and sleep well.
• Time management is a must before and during the exam.

To get conceptual clarity on the MBBS courses online, click here

The National Medical Commission (Undergraduate Medical Education Board) has issued new guidelines and the academic calendar for MBBS 2022-2023 batch on 12th Oct 2022.

As per the new NMC guidelines, the classes for the first-year MBBS batch will start on 15th Nov 2022.

Academic Calendar for the 2022-2023 MBBS Batch

According to the new NMC guidelines, there is a change in the academic calendar of MBBS 2022-2023. However, the duration of the MBBS course is the same i.e., 5.5 years including a one-year rotational internship.

For the academic year 2022-2023, the one-year compulsory rotational internship will start from the 1st June 2027 and end on 31st May 2028, as per the CRMI 2021 regulations.

The following guidelines have been issued by the NMC for the 2022-23 MBBS batch:

• The MBBS batch will commence on 15th Nov 2022.
• The college vacations and examination schedules may be notified as per the affiliated universities of the respective colleges.

Other board guidelines are as follows:

1. Regarding Electives – 2 blocks of 15 days each are to be adjusted by the colleges for
   • Pre/para-clinical branches
   • Clinical branches
2. In the 2022-2023 academic batch, the supplementary exams will be conducted with a gap of 1 month from the regular exams and the results will be declared within 15 days.
3. There shall be no supplementary MBBS batches.
4. The remaining rules and regulations shall remain the same as per the GMER (Graduate Medical Education Regulations) 1997. You can visit the site for GMER 1997 details: https://www.nmc.org.in/rules-regulations/graduate-medical-education-regulations-1997/
5. The Yoga and Family Adoption Program through village outreach shall continue for the 2021-2022 MBBS Batch.

Along with the changes in the curriculum and the guidelines mentioned above, a few more notifications have been issued by the NMC from the 2022 batch:

• The NMC has created an Anti-Ragging Committee and Dr. Aruna V. Vanikar, President, UGMEB has been appointed as the chairperson of the committee.
• In the NMC notification stated on 4 Oct 2022, the implementation of HMIS (Hospital Management Information System) is mandated in all medical colleges.
• The NEET UG counselling link is active from 11th Oct 2022 on the MCC official website: https://mcc.nic.in.

 

Click here to read about the NMC NExT Exam update 2023 including the guidelines, complete structure, exam dates and more.

A cataract is referred to as the development of any opacity in the lens or its capsule. It may occur either due to the formation of opaque lens fibers (congenital and developmental cataracts) or due to a degenerative process leading to the opacification of normally formed lens fibers (acquired cataracts).

Classification:

The Etiological Classification includes the following types of cataracts:

• Congenital and Developmental Cataract
• Acquired Cataract
• Senile cataract
• Traumatic cataract
• Cataracts in systemic diseases
• Electric cataract
• Radiational cataract
• Toxic cataract

The Morphological Classification includes the following types of cataracts:

• Capsular Cataract
• Subcapsular Cataract
• Cortical Cataract
• Nuclear Cataract
• Polar Cataract

SENILE CATARACT

Senile cataract is also known as Age-related cataract and is the most common type of acquired cataract. It affects equally all persons of either sex above the age of 50 years. The condition is usually bilateral, but in most cases, one eye is affected before the other.

ETIOLOGY

Some of the risk factors associated with Senile cataracts:

1. Age: It is the most important factor.
2. Sex: Its prevalence is greater in females.
3. Heredity
4. Ultraviolet Irradiations: It is responsible for the early onset and early maturation of senile cataracts.
5. Dietary factors: Diet deficiency in certain proteins, amino acids, and vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin A, C, E).
6. Dehydration Crisis
7. Smoking: When a person smokes, it leads to the accumulation of pigmented molecules like 3-hydroxykynurenine and chromophores, which lead to the yellowing of the lens.

HOW LENS LOSES ITS TRANSPARENCY?

Lens gets affected in different ways in nuclear and cortical senile cataracts. In cortical cataracts, there is a decrease in the soluble crystalline lens proteins, amino acids, and potassium associated with an increase in the concentration of sodium, which ultimately results in over hydration of the lens. While in nuclear cataracts, there is age-related nuclear sclerosis associated with dehydration and compaction of the lens. It is associated with an increase in water-insoluble proteins.

STAGES OF MATURATION

1. In-nuclear type of Cataract

The sclerotic process continues and leads to the hardening of the lens and decreases the ability of accommodation. The changes start from the centre and spread towards the periphery slowly.

2. In-cortical type of cataract

Firstly, there is a stage of lamellar separation which is the earliest sign where the formation of vacuoles occurs in the cortex. These changes are reversible. It is followed by a stage of an incipient cataract where wedge-shaped or saucer-shaped opacity is seen. Then comes the final three stages of cataracts: immature, mature, and hyper mature (morgagnian and sclerotic) cataracts.

CLINICAL FEATURES

The clinical features include the symptoms, signs, and complications.

Symptoms:

1. Glare
2. Uniocular diplopia
3. Colored halos around light
4. Poor colored discrimination
5. Black spots in front of the eye
6. Image blur and misty vision
7. Deterioration of vision

Signs:

1. Visual acuity: It is 6/9 to PL+ and PR in all quadrants
2. Test for iris shadow: It is seen in immature cataracts.
3. Colour of lens:

• In nuclear cataracts: amber, brown, black, reddish
• In immature senile cataract: greyish white
• In mature senile cataract: pearly white
• In morgagnian hyper mature cataract: milky white
• In sclerotic hyper mature cataract: dirty white

4. Morphology of lens: It is best seen by slit lamp examination.
5. Distant direct ophthalmoscopy:

• Absence of opacity: reddish yellow fundal glow observed
• Partial cataractous: black shadow against the red glow observed
• Complete cataractous: no red glow observed

Complications:

1. Phacoanaphylactic uveitis
2. Lens-induced glaucoma
3. Subluxation or dislocation of the lens

Click here to watch the best online video lectures on lens and cataract.

MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT IN ADULTS

1. NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

To delay the progression of the disease:

• Vitamin E and aspirin can be taken
• Topical preparations containing iodide salts of calcium and potassium can be taken

2. 2. To treat the cause of cataract: control diabetes, remove cataractogenic drugs, removal of irradiations
   3. To improve vision in early stages of cataract: prescription of glasses, arrangement of illumination, use of dark goggles, and mydriatic agent.

2. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Indications:

1. Visual Improvement
2. Medical Indications
3. Cosmetic Indications

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND WORKUP

1.) Ocular examination

It includes the following parameters:

• Visual status assessment
• Pupil
• Anterior segment evaluation
• Intraocular pressure
• Examination of lids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus
• Dilated fundus examination
• Retinal function tests
• B- scan ultrasonography
• Electrophysiological evaluation
• Keratometry, corneal topography, and biometry

2. General medical examination of the patient

The medical examination should include the following:

• History of current medication
• Any family history
• Investigations

3. Preoperative medications

The preoperative prescribed medication includes:

• Antibiotics
• IOP lowering agents
• Mydriatic agent
• Anaesthetic agents

4. Surgery

• Earlier, couching was done in which the cataractous lens was pushed into the vitreous cavity, and it was the first surgery introduced.
• Then, crude extracapsular cataract extraction was done but soon it became unpopular due to marked complications.
• Later, intracapsular cataract extraction was introduced but nowadays it is not performed due to complications. It is reserved only in cases of subluxated or dislocated lens.
• Now comes the modern technique of extracapsular cataract extraction, which is the preferred method in all cases of cataract surgeries.

OVERVIEW OF EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT EXTRACTION SURGERY:

In this method, the anterior capsule’s major portion is removed along with the anterior epithelium, nucleus, and cortex leaving behind the intact posterior capsule.

Indications:

• For almost all types of cataract surgeries in adults and children unless contraindicated.

Contraindications:

• In the subluxated or dislocated lens.

        Advantages :

• Universal operation
• Posterior chamber IOL can be implanted after ECCE
• Postoperative vitreous-related complications are not seen
• Incidences of postoperative complications are much less like endophthalmitis, cystoid macular edema, and retinal detachment.
• Postoperative astigmatism is less
• Incidence of secondary rubeosis in diabetics is reduced

Different Techniques of Extracapsular Cataract Extraction:

1. Conventional extracapsular cataract extraction
2. Manual small incision cataract surgery
3. Phacoemulsification
4. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery

Presently, the phacoemulsification technique has become the preferred method of cataract extraction worldwide because the complications are much lesser as compared to other methods of cataract extraction.

However, in countries like India, manual small incision cataract surgery has the advantages of sutureless surgery as well as a low-cost alternative to phacoemulsification.

SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDHOOD CATARACTS:

The surgical methods opted for the childhood cataracts, include:

1. Lens aspiration
2. Lensectomy

INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION:

IOL is the method of choice for correcting aphakia.

Types Of IOLs:

• Based on the method of fixation in the eye, the different types of IOL are:

1. Anterior chamber IOL
2. Iris-supported lens
3. Posterior chamber lenses

• Depending upon the material of manufacturing, the different types of IOL are:

1. Rigid IOLs
2. Foldable IOLs
3. Thinner foldable IOLs
4. Ultra-thin foldable IOLs

• Based on focusing abilities, the different types of IOL are:

1. Monofocal IOLs
2. Multifocal IOLs
3. Trifocal IOLs

• Special function IOLs, the different types of IOL are:

1. Aniridia IOLs
2. Implantable miniature telescope
3. Piggyback IOLs

• Spherical versus Toric IOLs
• Aphakic versus Phakic Refractive IOLs

Indications of IOL:

It is done in each and every case being operated for cataract unless and until it is contraindicated.

BIOMETRY is the calculation of IOL:

Nowadays online toric IOL power is calculated.

Equipment for Biometry:

1. A-Scan Ultrasonic Biometer
2. Optical Biometer

Techniques of IOL Implantation:

• Primary IOL Implantation refers to the use of IOL during any surgery for a cataract.
• Secondary IOL Implantation is done to correct aphakia in the previously operated eye.

POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING CATARACT SURGERY

1. The patient is asked to sit leaned back on chair for 30 minutes.
2. Any NSAIDs may be given orally for mild to moderate postoperative pain.
3. The bandage or eye patch is applied till the next morning. The eye is inspected for any postoperative complications.
4. Antibiotic eye drops are used 4 times a day for 7-10 days.
5. Topical steroids eye drops are given 3 to 4 times a day and are taken for 6-8 weeks.
6. Topical ketorolac or any other NSAIDs with eye drops are given 2 to 3 times a day for 4 weeks.
7. Topical timolol eye drops

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. What causes senile cataract?

Ans: Senile cataract etiopathogenesis is not exactly clear, but it is mainly due to the age factor. Other factors are also responsible like heredity, ultraviolet radiation, dietary factors, dehydration crisis, and smoking.

2. What is the most common type of senile cataract?

Ans: Nuclear sclerotic type is the most common of senile cataracts in which there is progressive sclerosis of the nucleus of the lens. It makes the lens inelastic and decreases the  accommodation ability, which hampers the light rays to pass.

3. Is senile cataract curable?

Ans: Yes, senile cataract is curable. It can be treated through surgeries like extracapsular cataract extraction and intracapsular cataract extraction.

4. What happens if cataracts are left untreated?

Ans: If the cataracts are left untreated, they lead to various complications like phacoanaphylactic uveitis, lens-induced glaucoma, and subluxation or dislocation of the lens.

 

Introduction

• Glaucoma (aka “Kala Motia” in Hindi) is also known as “Silent thief of Sight”, as patients suffering from advanced glaucoma gradually develop irreversible blindness and tunnel-like vision. Patients with advanced glaucoma are not even able to perform their daily routine tasks effectively.
• Glaucoma is very characteristically known by the optic nerve changes and progressive damage to the optic nerve. The changes in the optic nerve results in the characteristic disc appearance and corresponding changes in the visual field.
• The cause for maximum cases is unknown and therefore, primary glaucoma is either idiopathic or has some genetic cases which are yet not precisely known.
• Raised Intraocular Pressure (IOP) is not a part of the definition of glaucoma, as it is just a risk factor.

Broad Classification

• Classification helps to plan a treatment strategy

Key players of diagnosis

For the precise diagnosis, there are five things to keep in mind:

Elaborating the above-mentioned key players in detail:

1. Intraocular pressure

Normal IOP:

• According to the studies, normal IOP has a very wide range but for practical purposes, Mean IOP (GAT): 15±3 mmHg (Range 12-18) is considered.
• The “magic number of 21” is a figure of the past, an obsolete concept.
• In a graphical representation, Normal distribution with a slight skew towards higher values is seen.
• Remember many factors, in addition to glaucoma, influence IOP and can be divided into 2 categories (i) those that exert a long-term influence (e.g., genetics, age, gender, refractive error, and race), and (ii) those that cause short-term fluctuations in the pressure (e.g., time of day, body position, exertion, lid, and eye movement, various ocular and systemic conditions, general anesthesia, and some food and drugs).

Diurnal variation of IOP:

• IOP doesn’t remain the same throughout the day.
• IOP value is generally higher in the morning than in the afternoon; normal fluctuation is about 2-5 mm Hg in a day.
• If the fluctuation is not in the normal range within a day, then this IOP damages the optic nerve over a prolonged period.

Applanation Tonometry:

• Clinically, Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT), a gold standard tonometer is used to measure the IOP. This is one of the most reliable ways of measuring the IOP.

GAT is mounted on a slit lamp and the patient sits on the other side. In the biprism of the applanation tonometer, the doctor can see two green mires under a cobalt blue filter and the endpoint of the pressure is reached when the inner margins of these superior and inferior hemispheres touch each other.

NOTE: Never start treating the patient based on one reading of IOP. Make sure to take 2-3 different readings at different periods on different days to ensure the most reliable reading of IOP.

IOP Paradox:

“Everything within 12-18 mm Hg range is not normal and everything beyond 18 mm Hg is not abnormal”.

There are two paradoxical conditions:

• Paradox 1: When there is GON, i.e., Glaucomatous optic nerve damage but the IOP < 21 mmHg, there is damage to the nerve and visual fields. This entity is called Normal/ Low Tension Glaucoma (NTG/LTG).
• Paradox 2: When the IOP value is > 21 mmHg and there is no optic nerve damage and the visual fields are perfectly fine, this entity is known as Ocular Hypertension (OHT; Normal variant).

NOTE:

• Remember, Refrain from using the word “Normal” in the clinical case scenarios because a range that is normal for one may not be normal for the other.
• If baseline IOP is > 30 mmHg, it is reconfirmed once and the patient should be started on therapy without the need for performing a diurnal IOP recording.

Central Corneal Thickness (CCT):

• It is measured by an instrument named Pachymeter.
• Normal corneal thickness is around 520-550 microns.
• It is an independent predictor of Glaucoma.
• Goldmann applanation tonometer calibrated for CCT of 520 mm: a thinner CCT underestimates true IOP, and thicker CCT overestimates.
• A very thin or very thick cornea can impact the decision-making process regarding the need to treat, or the aggressiveness of the therapy.

2. Optic Disc/ Optic Nerve Head: Normal Vs. Glaucoma

In the optic disc, the central part which is paler than the peripheral part is called the cup, and the reddish-orange part over the cup is called the neuro-retinal rim (NRR)and the entire neural tissue lies here.

There are a few things we need to consider, for the cup is to disc ratio measurement mentioned below:

• We can consider Optic disc as a ‘Donut’. The central part is empty, i.e., non-neural tissue but the peripheral part has neural tissue (NRR), and we should focus on the health of NRR.
• Cup: Disc Ratio: The central part is the cup and the blood vessel are coming and bending out on the neural rim. It is referred to as Cup Diameter/ Disc Diameter.
• Colour Cup: We must not interpret cupping by just looking at the color of the cup.
• Contour Cup: The important point to consider is the bend of the blood vessels coming out of the blood. It tells the exact margin of the cup.
• Correlate with the disc size: Usually, large discs have large cups and this cupping is physiological. However, a small disc with even a small cup must be examined with caution as it is more prone to develop glaucoma because the nerve fibres are tightly packed. Glaucomatous eyes with small discs may have pseudonormal cups.
• High interindividual variability: There is an immense amount of variability in individuals of the same race and in different races.
• ISNT Rule:
• It is the health of the neural rim that accounts for the health of the optic nerve.
• As a rule, the inferior neural rim of the optic disc is the thickest followed by the superior rim followed by the nasal rim, and the temporal rim is the thinnest. This is called the ISNT Rule.
• Nearly 80% of healthy optic nerves follow the ISNT rule. 20% of normal individuals can have different thicknesses of the rims but with all the other tests, we can rule out glaucoma in those individuals.
• In advanced cases of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, there occurs concentric NRR loss.

Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy (GON):

• Glaucoma is a disease that begins with asymmetry. Initially, the cupping in one eye is different from the other eye. When the asymmetry of the cup: disc ratio between the two eyes is more than 0.2, a person is labelled as Glaucoma Suspect.

Characteristics features of GON include:

• Generalized or focalized increase in the optic cup size and the cup: disc ratio
• Vertical enlargement of the optic cup (especially at the superior and inferior poles)
• Asymmetric cupping (0.2 cup-disc ratio difference) between the two eyes
• Narrowing or notching of the neural rim
• Splinter/ Drance hemorrhages
• Changes in vessel configuration and caliber
• Increased visibility of the lamina cribrosa pores

Accurate documentation with an optic disc drawing at baseline is important and can be supplemented with stereo-optic disc photography. Changes in disc findings are more sensitive indicators of the presence and progression of the disease

3. Gonioscopy

• To classify the anterior angle chambers into Open Angle Glaucoma and Closed Angle Glaucoma, a lens called a Gonioscope to view the angles.
• Why can’t we see the anterior chamber angle with the slit lamp or direct observation?

There is a small protrusion of the scleral tissue which projects anteriorly to the angle just like the watch glass fitted into the rim of a wristwatch. Similarly, because of the projection of scleral tissue, the cornea is fitted like a watch glass. There is a total internal reflection at the cornea-air interface and the light rays do not get out to reach our eyes. So, the curvature of the cornea creates internal reflection and therefore we need an additional lens called a Goniolens.

• What does a Goniolens do?

Gonio lens permits the visualization of the angle by eliminating the cornea as a refracting surface by placing a concave surface against the cornea.

So, these different glasses allow visualization of the angles using obliquely inclined mirrors.

• • What if the angles are closed?
  • Once angle closure is diagnosed, categorize the stage of angle closure
  • Find out the whether the angle closure is appositional or synechial. If the goniolens. is pressed in the centre of the cornea, the aqueous from the centre is displaced towards the angle and open it up artificially. This means that the angle closure is appositional. But if there were adhesions between the iris and the cornea or the lens, there are synechia, then whatever amount of displacement of aqueous is there, it will not open the angles and this is called Synechial angle closure.

• When to do gonioscopy?

All Glaucoma patients need to undergo:

• • • Initial examination
    • Repeat every 1-2 years as the human body is dynamic and with age, health conditions keep on changing

• What is seen through the Goniolens?
  • Schwalbe’s line (SL)
  • Trabecular meshwork (TM)
  • Scleral spur (SS)
  • Ciliary body band (CBB)

In Secondary Glaucoma,

• Pigmentary Glaucoma: Mascara line is seen which has a lot of pigments.
• Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma: Sampolesi’s Line
• Angle recession: Seen in the case of trauma
• NVG: Abnormal blood vessels as seen in the Neovascular Glaucoma.

4. Visual field

• Visual field testing is known as Perimetry.
• Up to 37% of optic nerve fibers need to be lost before a VFD is found on automated perimetry, usually progressing from mid-peripheral or paracentral VFD in the earlier stages, to loss of central fixation points and temporal visual field loss in advanced
• Standard automated full-threshold static perimetry is preferred; use the same test strategy for comparison.
• Glaucoma visual field defect respects the horizontal meridian. Defects respecting vertical meridian, are likely due to neurophthalmic problems.
• Reliable tests are crucial and influenced by learning, patient comprehension and cooperation, artifacts, and other ocular pathology.
• Characteristic traits of glaucomatous visual field defects:
• Asymmetrical along the horizontal midline
• Located in the mid periphery(5-25° of fixation)
• Reproducible
• Not attributable to any other pathology
• Localized
• Correlating with the appearance of optic disc
• Whenever there is thinning of the inferior neuro-retinal rim, there will be superior optic nerve defect and vice versa.
• After analyzing the structural changes, match them with the corresponding functional defects.

5. Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis: RNFL thinning detected with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful to diagnose early glaucoma. Use in conjunction with the other parameters.

6. Risk Factors

• Elevated IOP
• Myopia
• Optic nerve changes
• Family history of glaucoma
• Increasing age
• Race
• Diabetes mellitus
• Cardiovascular disease

Treatment:

The main goals of treatment are:

• To preserve visual function with stable optic nerve and visual field status in the patient’s lifetime, by controlling IOP within the target range and addressing other risk factors, and
• To maintain quality of life.

IOP lowering by medication, laser, or surgery is the mainstay of treatment to prevent glaucoma development and retard progression.

(Detailed discussion in a subsequent blog)

Putting it all together!!

• Does this patient have glaucoma?
• If not, how high is the risk of developing glaucoma?
• What other tests need to be done?
• When do you see this patient back?
• When/How do you start treatment?
• What is the prognosis for this patient?

‘Basic Toolkit for Glaucoma’ by Dr. Parul Ichhpujani

To get conceptual clarity in Ophthalmology online, subscribe to CBME & NEET-oriented Ophthalmology for UnderGrads course.

Dr. Parul Ichhpujani

MS, MBA

Professor at Glaucoma Services

Department of Ophthalmology, Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India

Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore is a private medical college, hospital, and research institute. CMC is one of the best private medical colleges in India. In and around Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, this institute has a network of primary, secondary, and tertiary care hospitals. Dr. Ida Scudder is the founder of CMC Vellore. The college is affiliated with the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. CMC, Vellore is approved by NMC (National Medical Commission). It is ranked as one of the top medical colleges in India. The institution offers admission to various disciplines of sciences: medical science, nursing, allied health sciences, some other master’s and doctoral programs, and post-graduate engineering programs.

The college offers admission to various programs including:

• Undergraduate medical course (MBBS)
• Medical postgraduate courses (diploma, degree, and higher speciality courses)
• Certification courses
• Postdoctoral fellowship courses
• Distance education program
• Undergraduate nursing program
• Nursing postgraduate courses (diploma, degree, and fellowships)
• Allied health sciences degree courses
• MBA in hospital and health systems management (HHSM)
• MS Bioengineering
• Tech. Clinical Engineering
• D. Medical Sciences

MBBS in CMC Vellore

MBBS is a four-and-a-half-year course followed by one year compulsory rotating residential internship. In CMC, Vellore, the MBBS course comes under the group A category. As per the CBME curriculum, the undergraduate course in medicine comprises three phases.

Three phases in MBBS Curriculum

Block postings and Internship at CMC Vellore

As per the guidelines of the National Medical Commission,

• Along with regular classes, medical students also have to undergo block postings after phase 1 of their MBBS course at community health centers, mission hospitals, and secondary care centers.
• A medical student also has to compulsorily complete the rotational internship for 12 months. They are posted in the discipline of community health, medicine, surgery, obstetrics & gynecology, orthopaedics, emergency medicine, and short elective subjects.
• At CMC, Vellore, the students are allocated community health centers, mission hospitals, and secondary care centers for internships.

Admission procedure

Admission to the MBBS undergraduate course in CMC, Vellore solely depends on the NEET-UG score. An aspirant to get admission at CMC needs to qualify and crack the NEET-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) examination with a good score.

Eligibility to get admission at Christian Medical College

1. Candidate must have completed 10+2 higher secondary schooling or equivalent examination, and the last two years of education must include Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Biotechnology as major subjects with English from the Tamil Nadu State board or any other equivalent examination board.
2. Candidates must have attained a minimum of 50% marks in all the subjects, Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English individually for the general category, and a minimum of 40% aggregate for BC, MBC, SC/ST candidates is required in a single attempt. The criteria mentioned are subject to change as per the state & university guidelines.
3. At the time of admission, a candidate must have completed 17 years of age or should complete the mentioned on or before 31^st December of the said year.

NEET-UG Exam Pattern for admission to MBBS at CMC Vellore

The NEET-UG exam is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) once a year. The following are some important points to keep in mind:

NEET Exam Section-wise Distribution:

In all 4 Subject sections, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Zoology, there are two sections, section A comprises 35 questions and section B comprises 15 questions out of which 10 are to be answered. Each question carries 4 marks.

Number of Seats for 2022-2023 at CMC, Vellore

The total number of MBBS candidate seats is 100 and the seat distribution is as follows:

1. All India open category: 16 seats
   a. One candidate is selected by Govt. of India under the ‘Central Pool Scheme’.
   b. 20% i.e., 3 seats are reserved for the SC/ST candidates.
2. Minority Network Category & CMC, Vellore staff quota: 84 Seats

Steps to get admission into CMC Vellore

1. Fill out the application form for an undergraduate course from the CMC, Vellore official site.
2. Provide your NEET application form details.
3. Submission of the receipts of the certification forms from Minority Network Organizations (if applicable).
4. Apply to the Tamil Nadu Selection Committee for the counseling process in the relevant category.
5. The selection is based on the NEET-UG score and candidates are required to fill the NEET-UG score and rank on the CMC, Vellore admission site.
6. Submission of the Arno & rank of TN Management Quota.
7. Be updated with the release of the merit list.
8. Counseling by Tamil Nadu Selection Committee, DME, Chennai.

All these steps are to be done in the stipulated period as provided by the college. So, be updated.

Admission Process after Counseling at CMC, Vellore

• After the counseling procedure, the candidate is required to register for the course by paying the tuition fees and completing other formalities, and submitting original certificates.
• The admission confirmation is approved by Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University. Until the approval, admission continues to be provisional.
• After the confirmation of the MBBS admission at CMC, Vellore, a candidate needs to submit their original required documents at the university campus.
• All the candidates getting admission to CMC, Vellore need to undergo a medical fitness check-up and the admission gets confirmed only after the medical fitness clearance by the Medical Board, CMC, Vellore.

MBBS Course Fee at CMC, Vellore

The fees to be paid at the time of registration for admissions to the MBBS course at CMC, Vellore is mentioned in the table below:

*The course fee may change in the coming years depending upon the University rules and regulations.

MBBS Cut-off at CMC, Vellore

Based upon the analysis of the previous years’ cut-offs, the estimated NEET-UG cut-off marks for the MBBS course for admission at CMC, Vellore are mentioned below:

To get the conceptual clarity on the MBBS courses online, click here.

Medical Postgraduate Courses at CMC, Vellore

In CMC, Vellore Admission to PG Degree, Diploma, PG diploma courses, and fellowship courses come under the Group B category. Admission to the MD/MS courses is done based on the NEET-PG score. All the students need to get into the NEET-PG merit list for admission to the PG courses with the required cut-off score.

PG Courses and Number of Seats

The Christian Medical College offers admission to various post-graduate specialization courses.

1. The CMC Vellore provides admission to MD courses for various subjects along with the number of seats mentioned below:

2. The CMC Vellore provides admission to MS courses for various subjects along with the number of seats mentioned below:

Service Obligation at CMC, Vellore

1. The service obligation of 3 years is mandated for all the MS/MD candidates, except for the clinical specialties (General merit category).
2. Candidates admitted to the clinical specialties under the general merit category have a service obligation of 1 year.
3. Candidates admitted to the pre-and para-clinical specialties under the general merit category, have no service obligation.
4. For diploma courses, the service obligation period is a minimum of 2 years whereas, general merit candidates are exempted from the same.
5. After the course completion, the service obligation is served at the CMC, Vellore or any of the associated mission hospitals.

Facilities available for the medical PG trainees

• Stipend
• Accommodation
• Research activity of each department
• Medical records department
• Recreation
• Staff/student health clinic

Fee Structure for the Postgraduate Medical Courses at CMC, Vellore

The fees to be paid at the time of registration for admissions to the Medical PG courses (MD/MS) at CMC are mentioned in the table below:

*The course fee may change in the coming years depending upon the University rules and regulations.

NEET-PG Cut-off Score for MS/MD admission to CMC, Vellore

Based upon the analysis of the previous years’ cut-offs, the estimated cut-off marks for the medical PG specialization courses for admission at CMC, Vellore are mentioned below:

Certificate courses after MBBS

The certificate courses offered by the CMC Vellore for the MBBS graduates are mentioned below:

• CMC, Vellore also provides admission to various higher specialty and Postdoctoral diploma courses and allied health sciences courses.
• After completing MBBS, a medico can also pursue M.Sc. Epidemiology and Master of Public Health Administration.

CMC, Vellore Hostel Fees and Facility

• Hostel Facility for MBBS Students: MBBS students live in the campus hostels. The Bagayam campus of the CMC, Vellore has girls’ and boys’ hostels. The girls’ hostel is named as ‘Paradise on Earth’, while the boys’ hostel is named as ‘Mansion of the Gods’. Boys are required to submit the hostel charges (Deposits and advance) of10,000/- and girls Rs.8,000/-. The approximate living expenses per month for the hostel are Rs.6,000/- for boys and girls. 

• Hostel facility for other courses: The women’s hostel and men’s hostel for the students of allied health courses are named as the ‘Fitch Hostel’ and the ‘Dorothy Joske Hostel’. The ‘Modale International Hostel’ is allocated for the elective course students/visitor observer students from overseas. The hostel and its charges vary as per the student’s course.

All the hostels are well equipped with all the necessities of a student and other facilities such as a Hostel Chapel, recreation room, gymnasium, library, dance room, music room, prayer room, mini kitchen, TV/Projector room. The food facility with vegetarian and non-vegetarian food is also available for all the residents.

How does DigiNerve help a medico?

DigiNerve is an EdTech initiative by Jaypee Brothers, a pioneer and market leader in health science publishing with a legacy spanning over 5 decades. It provides top-notch medical content to enhance conceptual clarity, clinical skills, and ace exams.

In terms of the calibre of the courses, the variety of subjects, the Gold Standard faculty, and the user-friendly interface, DigiNerve is unmatched.

• DigiNerve provides best online courses for MBBS subjects designed by eminent faculty as per CBME Curriculum and NEET Exam, such as

• Apart from the MBBS and MD courses, DigiNerve brings the professional courses ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy’ and ‘Basics of Infertility and IUI Made Easy’ by the top faculty Dr. Chaitanya Nagori and Dr. Sonal Panchal. After completion of the course, the candidates will earn a course completion certificate from Ian Donald Inter-University School of Medical Ultrasound.

• An Exam preparation course ‘Cracking MRCP Part 1’ by Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander and Dr. Archith Boloor, helps a medico with their preparation to crack the MRCP exam. Cracking MRCP Part 1 course is based on the curriculum devised by The Royal College of Physicians (RCP). The course has 15 online modules covering major specialties such as Clinical Sciences, Cardiology, Gastroenterology, etc. The course includes video lectures, e-chapters, 2500+ BOF questions, mock exams, and most of all high-quality notes.

FAQs

1. How many marks are required in NEET for MBBS in CMC Vellore?

Ans: The estimated cut off score for admission to CMC, Vellore is around 600+ in the NEET Examination for general category. For the OBC/SC/ST & Minority groups, the estimated cut-off score is around 500 marks. For sponsored & management quota students, the cut-off range is comparatively lower.

2. Is CMC Vellore a deemed university?

Ans: No, CMC Vellore is not a deemed University. It is a private college, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai run by the Christian community.

3. Is CMC good for MBBS?

Ans: CMC Vellore is ranked 3^rd as per NIRF ranking 2022 after AIIMS, Delhi, and PGIMER, Chandigarh. It is one of the best medical colleges in India.

Most students think that medical education is only about clearing the entrance exam and getting admission to MBBS. However, the reality is way different than this perception. Clearing the exam isn’t the final step, rather, is the beginning of the life of a medical student. A medical degree is considered one of the toughest degrees in the world. For a student, it’s definitely more work because of the unlimited workload and the time limit, which means a lot less sleep and a lot more stress.

Top Struggles of MBBS Students are:

1. Adjusting with peers: Medical colleges are responsible for ensuring that graduates are knowledgeable, skilful, and professional to meet society’s expectations. Due to this, students have to prepare themselves for the vast syllabus while also adjusting with peers. There is huge peer pressure on medical students when it comes to adjusting themselves in the new environment due to high level of competition.
2. Wow! You are smart, you should be a doctor: Medical might not be the hardest choice for aspirants but the journey is indeed very hard. Students put in all the efforts, and energy to enter the clinical world; the world that includes a lot of hard work, sleepless nights, countless hours of study, and whatnot. However, there are many students who give their 100 percent just to satisfy that One Big Dream of their family and relatives, at the cost of their happiness.
3. Do you have a social life? When it comes to a medical student’s social life, the status is quite complicated. Students get trapped with books, assignments and practices, etc. that they can’t focus much on their social life. Although medicine is a very social course and being a healthcare professional, students must know how to deal with people. To take time out for social activities, students need to maintain a schedule that allows them to manage it all.
4. Start the day and end the day with medicine: – The primary motivation is to enjoy studying. Exhaustion due to continuous studies can make medical college seem like a burden. So students must divert their attention from studies a bit and focus on “personal development.” This involves honing talents that fall outside the purview of academic study yet are nevertheless crucial for a doctor. For instance, participating in music or theatre can help students get used to performing or interacting in front of a large audience. This also helps them to confidently address and speak at a conference or simply to a group of their coworkers. There is a balance that needs to be achieved between working and enjoying life.
5. You have to memorize so many new drugs, that your brain might explode: The most problematic situation that students face is that they need to cram names of thousands of new drugs and various syndromes, which is confusing. Also since these drugs are vast along with their own different characteristics, it is easy to forget a few. This is not the end, memorizing drugs also includes knowing their purposes, advantages, and disadvantages, after effects, and what all changes can be possible, which also includes how they respond in every individual’s body.

Watch Video to learn the right way to approach Pharmacology in MBBS

6. The unending workload: – It is a popular talking point that a medical student’s life in med college is endless. The reason behind this is that medical courses are the longest courses in the educational world. It nearly takes a decade to become a fully qualified doctor. The entire journey demands a lot of hard work, sleepless nights, and a huge number of complications. It is not easy to maintain patience throughout this period and often students lose themselves in the wheel of practicals, rounds, syllabus, and examinations.
7. Finance: – Finance is a huge problem for a medical aspirant. How? Not all medical aspirants belong to financially stable families, and neither do all receive government scholarships. Many students dream to become a doctor, but again finances remain a challenge. Medical studies are considered one of the most expensive education all over the world. It is a vast and expensive course. If a student does not have an adequate amount of money, pursuing a medical degree can be challenging. If this problem arises while a student is pursuing the course, students should always have a backup option.
8. Exams Breakdown: – Exams have always been a huge load. Even the thought of it is scary because the syllabus is so vast that sometimes the duration of preparation tends to seem less. There’s no doubt medical life is filled with competitors, which makes the exam period even more stressful. Skipping topics is another aspect that makes it stressful while spending more time on important topics. Additionally, lack of sleep, headaches, and stress can easily lead to breakdowns.
9. A good night’s sleep is a wonder for you: – Back-to-back classes, practicals, and whatnot get tiresome for them. Most students have sleepless nights because of assignments, many even suffer from sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality which is common during the internship. Researchers have paid much attention to the critical function that sleep plays in preserving mental health, advanced learning, and overall welfare. From 1st year to the final year, medical students are particularly prone to sleep-related problems due to the huge syllabus. So it is very important for students to at least have 6 – 8 hours of sound sleep.

Life of Students in the 1st year of MBBS:

Medical College is nothing like high school; it is challenging not simply because there is so much knowledge to gain, but also because students get to learn new skills. Students mostly in their first year, try to understand what kind of studying technique works to cover the syllabus. The first year is all about learning, failing and again understanding where you were wrong and then starting again.

Life in college doesn’t resemble the medical drama– Grey’s Anatomy in reality. No one goes to the clinical rounds in the first year itself. In the first year, students study Biophysics, Anatomy, and Histology and prepare for tests most of the days.

In the first year, it’s not all about saving lives. The only life students can save is theirs, by fixing a decent study routine for themselves, figuring out how to adjust their studies and things they like doing beyond studying and getting sufficient rest.

Life of Students in the 2nd year of MBBS:

It’s the best time to retrospect and make a schedule that can help students manage studies, social life, and sleep. The one benefit students have in their 2nd year is that they get familiar with the environment, faculty, and course too, so it becomes a bit easy for them to communicate and discuss their problems in the class or with the faculty. It gets even easier to make a schedule that can be followed given that students get quite familiar with the frequency of classes, practicals, and tests.

Life of Students in the 3rd year of MBBS:

It is very much like climbing one more step and reaching one step near to the goal of becoming a Top Doc. Becoming more focused on studies and attending a lot of practicals are included in the 3rd year. It is time for students to get exposed to the practical technicalities of the field. Students become familiar with everyday struggles in 3^rd year; they feel the sensation of being worn out, because of classes and clinical rounds. They need to have some sort of framework, whether it be a paper journal or a schedule reminder turned on on their mobile phones.

Life of Students in the 4th year of MBBS:

The significant cause of the pressure students face in the final year is due to the major subjects like Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, OBGYN, Orthopaedics, etc. which are highly important for NEET PG. They experience maximum stress when they start going for rounds. Medicine is a long-distance race, not a run. Regardless of whether students complete their last year, it isn’t the end. They still need to learn a lot more because now their real life as interns and saviours begin. It’s now time to put all the knowledge into application.

Get conceptual clarity in Medicine from Dr. Archith Boloor

Passing the final exam in MBBS is crucial to starting your career as a doctor. Students must focus on conceptual clarity to clear the final exams. Discipline and dedication are the keys to mastering the syllabus. Moreover, aspirants that are pursuing the MBBS program at any medical college must complete the internship. An internship is a term of learning, or, to put it in simple words, more practical work than theoretical training. The internship phase is where you put all of the theoretical information you’ve learned over the last four years into action.

You should have a proper plan if you are going to enrol yourself as a medical student, it is a long ride with lots of struggle, hard work, failures, and whatnot. The medical course is exceptionally vast due to the volume of material that needs to be learned along with both the basic scientific principles and the clinical abilities. Keeping in mind the surreal feeling that a doctor feels while saving someone’s life is something that can’t be put into words, and furthermore, the feeling of saving somebody’s life is simply inexplicable. Once your goal is set and you are ready for it, it is definitely going to be the best chapter of your life.

Ophthalmology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and their complications. Ophthalmology, once considered a minor discipline, has recently expanded to include a variety of subspecialties such as the cornea, pediatric ophthalmology, ocular oncology, glaucoma, ocular pathology, and neuro-ophthalmology.

Studying ophthalmology according to the previous syllabus made it difficult for students to figure out which topics they should emphasize more, how to organize their studies, what practical aspects/skills to know and acquire, and so on. The new CBME Curriculum focuses on core competencies and outlines the learning domain as well as the depth to which a concept should be explored. The AETCOM Module, which stands for Attitude Ethics and Communication, defines the competencies on which the curriculum is built. This is in place to ensure that graduates have the skills they need to meet patients’ needs in society.

DigiNerve’s Ophthalmology for UnderGrads has been conceptualized and designed in accordance with the new CBME curriculum. The aim is to help MBBS students get conceptual clarity and farewell in university exams as well as PG entrance exams. Dr. Parul Ichhpujani and Dr. Talvir Sidhu, the eminent faculty for this course, have addressed all of the subject’s essential aspects in their CBME-oriented Ophthalmology Course. This is one of the best online ophthalmology courses since it aims to provide students with specific competencies more effectively.

Some of the major books authored by Dr. Parul Ichhpujani are “Expert Techniques in Ophthalmic Surgery”, “Clinical Cases in Glaucoma: An Evidence-Based Approach”, and “Manual of Glaucoma”, while Dr. Talvir Sidhu is renowned for her book “Gonioscopy: A Text and Atlas” and “Gonioscopy: A video-assisted Skill Transfer Approach” (includes interactive DVD-ROM).

The faculty has covered the art of studying ophthalmology in order to prepare students for theory, practical, and NEET PG examinations. The orientation video itself provides them with a road map to approach the subject. This online ophthalmology course is designed to help MBBS students in strengthening the basics of Ophthalmology by providing them with advanced clinical vignettes. This provides clinical orientation to the subject.

Each topic includes an overview of the anatomy and physiology of that part, which will serve as a refresher for students. It will also assist them in comprehending the aetiology of various disorders, as well as providing a full description of how each ailment would manifest on ocular inspection. In this Online Ophthalmology Course, basic history-taking and clinical examination of the eye are demonstrated as an extended lecture to provide students with a full overview. The lectures are well-illustrated with clinical and radiological pictures, as well as flowcharts, tables, and boxes to enhance the visual memory of the students.

The Course Includes:

• Video Lectures: 21+ hrs of video lecture series that give you an edge over others.
• Lecture Notes: 33 lecture notes including simple advanced-case vignettes to enhance knowledge during preparation.
• Clinical Case-Based Discussion: The course includes various practical case scenarios which are usually not given in textbooks.
• Self-Assessment Questions: 1000+ practice questions are provided with relevant explanations

DigiNerve’s Ophthalmology for UnderGrads- Table of Content

Ocular Examination

Basic History And Ocular Examination

---

Visual acuity

Vision assessment

Refractive Errors

---

Extraocular muscles and Ocular motility

Strabismus to Amblyopia

Extraocular Muscles -Strabismus

Nerve Palsies

---

Lids and Adnexa

Lid and Adnexal Disorders-1

Lid and Adnexal Disorders-2

---

Orbit

Proptosis, Orbital Cellulitis and Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

Orbital Tumors

---

Conjunctiva

Red Eye by

Conjunctival Disorders

---

Cornea

Corneal Ulcer: Bacterial and Fungal

Corneal Ulcer: Viral

Eye donation and Eye banking

---

Sclera

Scleritis and Episcleritis

---

Anterior chamber and Uvea

Anterior Chamber

Uveitis

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

---

Lens

Anatomy and Physiology

Cataract: History, Examination and Consent

Cataract: Diagnosis & Planning Surgery

Cataract Surgeries

---

Retina

Basics of Fundus Examination

Vascular Occlusions of Retina

Hypertensive & Diabetic Retinopathy

Retinal Detachment by

Management Modalities for Retinal Disorders

---

Optic Nerve

Diseases of Optic Nerve

---

Miscellaneous

National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment (NPCB & VI) and Vision 2020

Ocular Trauma

Visual Rehabilitation in the Elderly

How to Study Ophthalmology?

Study from Reliable Resources: The new CBME curriculum stresses key competencies and outlines the learning domain as well as the level at which a subject must be learned. As a result, students must concentrate on locating the most relevant and reliable content which is as per the latest curriculum.

Watch Clinical Case Discussions: The online Ophthalmology course on DigiNerve is ideal for gaining conceptual clarity through clinical case discussions. This course was designed and developed in accordance with the new CBME curriculum. It comprises an extended presentation that includes a demonstration of basic history-taking and clinical examination of the eye to provide students with a full overview.

Practise from Exam POV: To receive maximum exposure for your university exams and NEET PG Exam, practise as many questions as possible.

Learn from best mentors: Find popular study resources by specialists who cover the art of studying ophthalmology as well as content as per theory, practical, and NEET PG exams. It’s helpful if your professor provides you with a strategy for approaching the subject.

Study Ocular Examination in depth: In each chapter, focus on anatomy and physiology, as well as the pathophysiology of various diseases, and a full explanation of how each condition would appear on the ocular examination. To strengthen your memory, look for clinical and radiological images, as well as flowcharts, tables, and boxes, wherever they are needed.

How to Study Ophthalmology for NEET PG?

When preparing for NEET-PG, it is essential to study from the appropriate books. Students are frequently enticed by texts that promise shortcuts. As the candidate approaches the subject, such books have a negative impact on their psychology. Therefore, referring to recommended books is critical, as these books help students to dodge doubts.

Some of the most important topics in Ophthalmology are:

• Lens – Surgeries, Ectopia lentis, Cataract, and related concepts, their complications, and solutions are very important. You should also be well-versed in the Anatomy and Physiology of lens.
• Cornea – Anatomy and Physiology, Keratitis, Congenital Anomalies of Cornea, and Cornea Degeneration
• Conjunctiva – Conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis, Dry Eye, Pterygium, and Pinguecula.
• Glaucoma – POAG, PACG, Secondary Glaucoma, and Surgeries and Drugs
• Orbit – Blunt Trauma, Orbit Fracture, Orbit Tumors, Proptosis, and Chalcosis
• Eye – Surgeries, and Ptosis (Measurement and Causes)
• Lacrimal – Epiphora, and Dacryocystitis Treatment
• Retina – CRVO, CRAO, CME, CSR, Diabetic Retinopathy, ARMD, Retinoblastoma, Retinitis Pigmentosa, BEST, Stargardt Disease, Coats Disease, Retinoscopy, Ophthalmoscope, and ROP
• Optics – Criteria, Definitions and Types of Refractive Error, Surgeries, and Contact Lens
• Neuro-Ophthalmology – Pathway, Reflex, Papillitis, Papilledema, Toxic Amblyopia, Squint, and Optic Neuritis
• Community Ophthalmology – NBCP & Xerophthalmia

Scope of Studying Ophthalmology

1. Cataract Specialists or Surgeons: These are professionals who perform surgery to remove the natural lens and replace it with an artificial lens in order to alleviate the patient’s problem of opacity or blurred vision.
2. Neuro-Ophthalmology Specialist: An expert in this profession deals with eye disorders related to the neurological system. Some serious concerns, such as optic nerve abnormalities impacting visibility, trouble controlling eye movement, double vision, and so on, require rapid treatment from a Neuro-Ophthalmologist. A specialist who is a master of Ophthalmology is essential for the study of both neurology and ophthalmology.
3. Retina Specialists: These professionals deal with issues affecting the Retina. These issues are usually caused by injury or damage to the retina, which can occur as a result of retinal detachment, abrupt flashes, or floaters.
4. Cornea Specialist: This expert is responsible for providing treatments and surgeries to address any damage, illness, or disease that affects the human eye’s Cornea, Conjunctiva, Eyelids, and Sclera. They must take preventative actions to prevent additional harm and to recover the injury that is affecting the patient’s vision.
5. Oculoplastics Specialists: They are specialists who work to repair and remodel the eye. They deal with eyelid surgery and abnormalities in the orbit and lacrimal system, as well as disorders in the area surrounding the eyeball.
6. Pediatric Ophthalmologist: Professionals in this discipline deal with any ocular problem that affects children’s eyes. Strabismus, genetic abnormalities, amblyopia, neoplastic disorders, conjunctivitis, and misalignment of the eyes are some of the primary significant problems that Pediatric Ophthalmologists treat.
7. Ocular Immunology Specialist: The specialist’s job is to control issues with the human body’s immunology, which can lead to a variety of eye-related illnesses and diseases. Corneal ulcers, uveitis, sclerosis, and any sort of eye inflammation are examples of these illnesses. These specialists collaborate closely with general practitioners.

Additional jobs to choose from are Professor/Lecturer, ENT Specialist, Clinical Assistant, and Medical Consultant.

FAQs

1 – What’s the difference between an optometrist and an ophthalmologist?

Patient’s eyes are examined, diagnosed, and treated by optometrists. Ophthalmologists are doctors who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of eye diseases.

2 – Is being an ophthalmologist a good career choice?

Ophthalmology is a nice blend of surgical and medical practise, and many people can focus on either of these. Those interested in surgery will need time to adjust to this microsurgical field, but with the correct instruction, anyone with basic hand-eye coordination can master it.

3 – Does ophthalmology have any scope for the future?

According to the Health Resources and Services Administration, by 2025, there will be a demand for about 22,000 ophthalmic surgeons. However, it was predicted that more than 6,000 physicians would fall short of the requirement.

4 – Is ophthalmology a simple subject to learn?

It is regarded as one of the most difficult branches to study and practise, requiring complete dedication as well as knowledge and developed skills. This branch of medicine is characterized by a variety of extraordinary traits.

5 – How do I go about becoming an ophthalmologist after completing my MBBS?

One must first obtain an MBBS degree and then pursue post-graduate studies in Ophthalmology to become a competent Ophthalmologist.

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test for Post-Graduation is a qualifying and ranking test in India for candidates interested in doing MD, MS, or PG Diploma. This year’s NEET PG Exam is scheduled for March 5.

Let’s go into the eligibility, exam format, marking style, and other details.

NEET PG 2023 Eligibility Criteria:

1. According to the Indian Medical Council Act 1956, the candidates are required to have an MBBS degree or a Provisional MBBS Pass Certificate.
2. Candidates must have a permanent or provisional MCI or SMC-issued MBBS qualification registration.
3. The candidates must have completed a year of internship before applying.

Application and Fees:

As per the NEET PG 2023 fee structure, the General and OBC applicants have to pay Rs. 4250 to fill the NEET PG application form, while SC/ST/PWD candidates have to pay Rs. 3250.

Test Pattern & Marks:

14 subjects are classified under 3 parts in the paper:

Part A – Pre-clinical subjects

Part B – Para-clinical subjects

Part C – Clinical subjects

Marking scheme:

• +4 marks for correct response
• -1 for incorrect response
• No marks for unattempted question

Duration:

The exam will be 3.5 hours long.

Exam Format:

The exam will be computer-based and administered at the designated locations.

Admit card:

Candidates will be able to download their hall tickets online from the website on 27^th  February, 2023. Candidates should be aware that admit cards will not be provided to those who are found ineligible before the examination.

Students will be notified through email or SMS when hall tickets become available. Candidates will not receive admit cards via email or post.

Syllabus:

The syllabus for NEET PG 2023 is based on the MBBS program. The syllabus covers essential themes from Section A (clinical), Section B (pre-clinical), and Section C (para-clinical) subjects in the three sections of the examination paper. Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, and Social and Preventive Medicine are among the subjects covered in these three divisions. According to the NEET PG 2023 Exam Pattern, the paper will feature 200 questions against a maximum score of 800.

How to prepare for NEET PG 2023?

It’s time for you to make the most of the preparation period. Revise as much as you can. Whatever you’ve studied to date, it’s now time to test yourself and prepare for the bigger one. Always keep in mind that your perspective defines your reality.

Here are the 7 Tips to crack NEET PG 2023:

1. Create and Stick by a Plan: Make a plan for the next day before you go to bed and stick to it no matter what. Wake up and stick to your plan so you’re prepared and don’t waste time deciding what to study.
2. Prioritize the subjects where you need conceptual clarity: Focus on conceptual clarity with the help of trusted content only. Finding the right content can be a hassle so choose DigiNerve, an app by Jaypee Brothers who have published most of your textbooks. This online app provides video lectures by India’s top faculty which include your textbook authors.
3. Revision and MCQs: The more you revise, the better; devote the first two months to clarifying concepts of the topics you’re having trouble with, and the last month to solving MCQs.
4. Question papers from previous years: This will assist you in comprehending the NEET PG Exam structure and identifying essential topics that may appear in the exam.
5. Notes: You probably have read everything, and you have the knowledge so now the only thing left is to go through your notes, it will help you recall important points.
6. ITD method: Memorize with the help of the ITD Method- Importance of the topic, Time consumption, and Detailing.
7. Enroll for Mock Tests: Attending mock tests will help you assess your knowledge. This will help you know the subjects where you need clarity. On its official website, the NBE publishes practice tests. One of the most important components of the exam preparation approach is the mock test. You must conduct mock tests after concluding their revision to assess their preparation. You will get to learn what else has to be done to increase a particular topic’s score. To access the sample test, you must first log in to the NBE’s official website. Before beginning the online mock test, candidates should carefully read all of the instructions. Recalibrate your strategy by taking a mock test and weighing your results.

To prepare for NEET PG 2023, subscribe to DigiNerve’s courses by India’s top faculty today.

FAQs:

1. When will NEET PG be in 2023?

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test-Postgraduate (NEET PG 2023) will now be held on March 5, 2023.

2. Is PG necessary after MBBS?

For doctors to be successful in their specialties, they must have a postgraduate degree in medicine.

3. How do I pay the fees for NEET PG 2023?

Fees can be paid using a debit/credit card or a net banking service. Candidates should print the confirmation page after successfully paying the application fees.

The NEET PG Exam 2022 is scheduled to be held on May 21st. However, MBBS students who are to appear for their masters’ entrance exam in 2022 are put into a dilemma with the new criteria imposed by the National Board of Examination. This new eligibility criteria require MBBS students to have completed a year of internship before 31st May.

Students are perturbed by the unthoughtful addition to the NEET PG eligibility criteria. Due to the compulsory COVID-19 duties, and the health issues faced by the students and their families during the pandemic led to the postponement of their internship, making them ineligible for the entrance exam.

The MBBS students are seeking an extension of the deadline of mandatory internship beyond 31^st May. However, the supreme court has asked the students to make a representation for the same to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The bench of justices including Vikram Nath, Surya Kanth, and DY Chandrachud said that the representation might be looked into within a week of the submission.

Decision-making is sought for there is no definite date of the commencement of the internship from which a year can be calculated as per the criteria. Therefore, the petitioners are requesting the termination of the new criteria so that all the aspirants can attempt the entrance exam.

The deadline for the submission of applications for NEET PG 2022 which was earlier scheduled till February 4 will now continue till March 25. As per the revised schedule, the students will also be able to edit the NEET-PG 2022 application form between March 29 and April 7, 2022. The admit cards will be available to the candidates from May 16 and the result is scheduled to be declared on June 20.

For NEET PG Preparation During Internship, visit DigiNerve, the best online app for NEET PG and conceptual clarity.

Credits:

https://nbe.edu.in/

The Times of India

FAQs:

Is internship compulsory for MBBS students?

According to NMC standards, MBBS students must complete a minimum of 12 months of internship. The intern must spend time in each department and gain the relevant skills throughout this time.

How many attempts are in NEET PG?

The number of attempts allowed for NEET PG has not been set by NBE. As a result, a candidate can take the exam as many times as necessary to gain admission to the desired course/institution.

Is NEET PG compulsory?

For doctors to pursue their specialties, they must clear NEET PG and have a postgraduate degree.

What is the age limit for NEET PG?

To appear in NEET PG 2022, the conducting authorities have not defined an upper or lower age limit. To be eligible for the exam, one must have a UG degree as well as the required internship certificate.

 

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the eye and associated adnexa. Studying Ophthalmology in MBBS has now diversified with multiple subspecialties like cornea, ocular oncology, pediatric ophthalmology, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, and ocular pathology.

Most students get confused as to which topics to read first and emphasize more upon, how to plan the study, what practical aspects/skills are to be known and mastered, etc. If this is the case with you, the below tips to study Ophthalmology in MBBS will surely be your saviour:

Study from Trusted Content: The revised curriculum of Ophthalmology emphasizes core competencies and defines the domain of learning as well as the level to which a concept needs to be studied. Therefore, students must focus on finding the most updated and reliable content as per the latest advancements in the curriculum.

Watch Clinical Case Discussions: DigiNerve’s online Ophthalmology course is best for conceptual clarity through clinical case discussions. This course has been conceptualized and developed as per the new CBME curriculum. It includes a demonstration of basic history-taking and clinical examination of the eye in an elaborate lecture to acquaint the students with a comprehensive overview.

Practise questions from exam POV: Practise as many questions as possible to get maximum exposure for your exams. Seek content that prepares you for university exams as well as PG entrance examinations.

Learn from Top Faculty: Find study material by experts who cover the art of studying ophthalmology along with theory, practical, and NEET PG examinations. It’s best if the faculty give you a road map to approach the subject.

Study Ocular Examination in detail: Focus on anatomy and physiology in each topic and cover the pathogenesis of various diseases with a detailed explanation on how each condition will appear on the ocular examination. Find clinical, radiological images along with flowcharts, tables, and boxes, wherever necessary to memorize better.

To watch Ophthalmology lectures for MBBS online, check out DigiNerve.

FAQs:

How can I study ophthalmology fast?

Refer to popular books and watch video lectures by trusted faculty. Images, flashcards, and flowcharts will help you remember what you’re learning.

Why is ophthalmology so competitive?

It’s not completely true, Ophthalmology is misunderstood to be far more competitive than it is. Conceptual clarity can make it easy to understand and clear exams.

How do I become an Ophthalmologist after MBBS?
One should complete his/her MBBS degree and then pursue post-graduation in Ophthalmology to become a qualified Ophthalmologist.

What does an Ophthalmologist do?
An ophthalmologist specializes in the treatment of illnesses, injuries, diseases, and conditions related to the eye.

“I don’t believe in luck or hard work without the so-called “work smart”. It’s not all about how you work hard but it’s about how you manage your time, resources, and mind to work together for a better output.” ― Jayson Zabate

There’s something that we can all agree to, that NEET PG 2023 is the toughest entrance exam, and to think that we can cover the syllabus in 3 months is hard to believe. But as we know that this is the world of smart work rather than hard. So, it’s beneficial to look out for NEET PG Crash Course, NEET PG 2023 study material online, and practice as many MCQs as possible. Here are some tips which will help a lot with good meticulous work to get better marks.

The first thing that you need to do is to make a study plan, stick to it and follow the 3Ds:

Discipline: You need to be very disciplined if you want to crack NEET PG, be it in 3 months or 6 because “discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments”.

Dedication: People have huge dreams, but what helps them to get closer to it? Make sure that you are dedicated to your dream.

Determination: Always remember that your focus determines your reality. Set an intention that you need to wake up every day and study to crack NEET PG 2023.

Pursuing this further, keep the following points in mind:

• Prioritize:  Prioritize the subjects where you lack conceptual clarity.

• Revision & MCQ: The more you revise, the better, keep the first 2 months to clear concepts of the topics you struggle with and the last month to solve MCQs, around 100 on a daily basis.

• Previous year question papers: This will help you understand the NEET PG 2023 Exam pattern and find out important topics that might come in the exam.

• Notes: You probably have read everything, and you have the knowledge so now the only thing left is to go through your notes, it will help you recall important points.

• Attend mock tests: Attending mock tests will help you assess your knowledge. This will also help you analyze the subjects you need clarity on.

• ITD method: Memorize with the help of the ITD Method- Importance of the topic, Time consumption, and Detailing.

Preparation tips/ strategy

Find the important topics with the help of NEET PG previous years’ question papers to recognize which questions are the most frequently asked. Make sure you know them properly.

Now that you’re prepared mentally, make a schedule, let’s see a basic idea to cover up everything in 3 months.

After revising all the subjects, leave the last 20 days only for mock tests.

To get the best NEET PG 2023 study material online and enhance your preparation for NEET PG/NExT, visit DigiNerve.

Omicron (B. 1 . 1.529), a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been announced as a variant of concern by WHO recently, due to its suspected high transmission owing to several mutations. It was first reported in South Africa on 24 November 2021 and according to the latest news, Omicron cases in South Africa are constantly increasing. Various epidemiologic studies are underway to understand whether the increasing number of Omicron virus cases is due to its high transmission or other contributing factors.

There is no research-based evidence that suggests the symptoms of the Omicron virus are different from those of other variants. Initial evidence is suggestive of an increased risk of reinfection with the Omicron virus in people who have been already infected previously with other SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The RT-PCR Test Report of COVID includes ‘N’, ‘S’, ‘E’ & ‘ORF’ genes. However, the absence of the ‘S’ gene ahead of genome sequencing now might indicate the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in a sample. Therefore, checking for the ‘S’ gene is considered a priority to determine Omicron Cases while conducting an RT-PCR Test. Besides, RT-PCR Tests are under development so that the Omicron variant can be tested without the need for full sequencing.

Meanwhile, as informed by the Ministry of External Affairs in the latest news on Omicron cases in India, there aren’t any reported cases so far in the country. However, the government has warned states not to let the guards down and abide by the effective COVID-19 guidelines. It is important to prioritise surveillance, risk analysis, and an evidence-based approach by undertaking case investigations and laboratory assessments to better understand if Omicron Virus has different characteristics, or whether the vaccines are effective on the new COVID variant. The research will then help to find out the apt therapy, diagnosis, and public health and social measures.

Also, India has taken the path of solidarity and is supporting African countries such as Malawi, Ethiopia, Zambia, Mozambique, Guinea, Lesotho, and Botswana by supplying Covaxin and Covishield vaccines.

As living in the pandemic has become the new normal, the doctors need to equip themselves with the latest advancements and further their knowledge regarding COVID-19, infection prevention and control, donning and doffing of personal protective equipment, and medical case management. More details on the COVID-19 pandemic have been covered in DigiNerve’s courses- Microbiology for UnderGrads by Dr. Apurba Sastry, Dr. Deepashree R, and Dr. Sandhya Bhat and Community Medicine for UnderGrads by Dr. Bratati Banerjee.

In Microbiology for UnderGrads, COVID-19 has been covered under Module-8: Respiratory Tract Infections in which the faculty has discussed all relevant concepts from the subject point of view like morphology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment and infection control measures. Relevant information on the COVID-19 pandemic has been covered under Module: COVID-19 in Community Medicine for UnderGrads. The module broadly covers the evolution and epidemiology of the pandemic along with the prevention and management of COVID-19.

 

Sources:

https://www.who.int/news/item/28-11-2021-update-on-omicron

https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern

 

With a surplus of medical online courses to choose from, students may be overwhelmed by the number of choices available and confused as to how to navigate this space. This article is here to quell your worries and give you all the information you need about DigiNerve, an online medical education platform brought to you by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Whether your interest is in scoring a good NEET PG rank for general surgery or a NEET PG rank for paediatrics, you can be sure that DigiNerve has everything you need for seamless digital learning. To understand DigiNerve a bit better, here are some more elements to consider:

1. Easy Interface – With a website that is easy to navigate, DigiNerve aims to be as student-friendly as possible so that you can focus on what actually matters, studying! Whether you need to access self-assessment NEET PG ortho questions, an orthopedics NEET PG book, or if you need to ask your tutor some orthopaedics NEET PG 2023 questions, DigiNerve’s easy interface allows you to do all of this, and more, in seconds.
2. Eminent Faculty – Every single course that DigiNerve offers have excellent faculty at the helm. Be it for NEET PG pathology, or to answer some of your NEET PG microbiology questions, world-renowned faculty is available for you. Some of DigiNerve’s faculty include Dr. Apurba Sastry for Microbiology, Dr. Archith Boloor for Medicine, Dr. Chaitanya Nagori for Ultrasound & Infertility, Debasis Gochhait for Pathology, and Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander for MRCP Part 1 preparation, among many more.
3. Concept-Based Learning – DigiNerve’s courses are concerned with the long-term retention of information to ensure that every student not only secures a good NEET PG rank for pathology but a good NEET PG rank for orthopedics, and NEET PG rank for general surgery as well. By infusing lectures with case studies and real-life scenarios, all students move beyond simply studying from a NEET PG microbiology book and learn practical information from experts in the field.
4. Constant Self-Assessment – All of DigiNerve’s courses constantly include self-assessment after each topic that resembles Orthopaedics NEET PG questions, NEET PG surgery questions, NEET PG pathology MCQs, NEET PG pediatrics questions, and NEET PG microbiology questions. These include MCQs with IBQs and VBQs for better memory retention.
5. Variety of Courses – DigiNerve has special courses specifically designed for students to ace university exams and NEET PG 2023 Entrance. There are other courses as well that are available for doctors looking to upgrade their skills in a particular area. Examples of the former include Cracking MRCP, and the latter includes Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy and learning the Basics of Infertility and IUI Made Easy. DigiNerve has courses for undergrads ranging from microbiology and Pathology to Surgery and Orthopaedics.

With features like self-paced studying, video lectures including graphs and drawings, and doubt clarification whenever students need it, DigiNerve has all the features needed to ace your medical preparation. To get started with DigiNerve, click here.

“Where should I start from?” Often, we have the same question. We all seek a study structure that can help us memorize better and leave us enough time for revision. As Medical students, we may come across topics that are difficult to understand and need more attention. Studying consistently can help us cover all topics, whether difficult or easy, in time.

Follow the 3 simple NEET PG Cracking Tips:

Strengthen Your Basics

As the majority of the questions in the NEET PG exam test your problem solving skills, it’s important to concentrate on developing fundamentals. We must strengthen the foundation of all the Pre-Clinical, Clinical, and Para-Clinical disciplines covered in the MBBS curriculum. DigiNerve is one such platform where we can get our concepts cleared in a go with the help of India’s top faculty and authors of the text books themselves. DigiNerve provides high-quality video lectures by top faculty based on the New CBME Curriculum and helps crack university exams and NEET PG Exam.

Time Management

Because the NEET exam syllabus is so extensive, it is critical to manage your time wisely and carefully. Because NEET PG is a three-hour exam, one of the most crucial NEET PG 2021 preparation tips is to practise managing time and paying attention to all of the questions during the exam. So, practise slotting time and speeding through questions in a calm and thorough manner. To save time, combine related disciplines such as Pathology and Medicine, Pharmacology, Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, and so on. Minimize distractions and schedule study time for each subject evenly.

Targeted Revision

A real-time exam simulation is required to ensure that nothing surprises you during the NEET PG exam. Taking online examinations can help you become more familiar with the review pattern, as well as analyse your speed and time. Take mock examinations with DigiMocks, where you may examine your knowledge and identify your weak areas by taking subject-specific mock tests. Collect as many NEET PG MCQs as possible from previous papers and solve them every day. As you answer more and more questions, you will find that quite a few revolve around the same answer. Read only those topics which you couldn’t solve while attempting MCQs or those that you do not understand.

It is important to keep on practising and attempting more and more questions to get an exposure to the NEET PG exam pattern and most-frequently asked questions.

Final Year Medical students have a lot on their plates to manage. While trying to clear the concepts of the 4^th year medical subjects, final year MBBS students have to also prepare for the NEET PG 2023 Exam. Let’s look at what kind of schedule is best for a 4^th year medical student. Students have little control over their syllabus and have minimal scheduling flexibility. A consistent pre-sleep timetable, on the other hand, can aid increase quality. Follow the mentioned below  NEET PG 2023 study tips and ace your NEET PG preparation.

1. Know the lesson plan: Wake up early at 6 AM, get ready for college and go through the topic to have a rough idea before attending the class. This will enable you to easily pick up on what the teacher is saying in his lectures and clarify any doubts, whether they are about topics or new terminologies, at the appropriate time.
2. Attend classes regularly: Missing classes means missing out on some of the most significant topics, explanations, and advice that teachers provide in their lectures. They are rarely mentioned in books. Furthermore, someone who misses class will be unfamiliar with the topic and any NEET PG questions that may be asked during the NEET PG 2023 exam. This occupies the top priority in the NEET PG preparation tips by toppers.
3. Be consistent: Study regularly for 4-6 hours a day even when no exams are in proximity. Few of the NEET PG 2023 study tips include focusing on study notes, highlighting important NEET PG topics in the book, creating mnemonics, and clearing core concepts. The latter can be achieved with DigiNerve, a Jaypee Brothers initiative that brings top content including video lectures by India’s top faculty like Dr. Apurba Sastry, Dr. Archith Bloor, Dr. Harsh Mohan, Dr. Sriram Bhat (SRB), and many more.
4. Revise frequently: It is highly essential to revise what you studied in the class. You can also solve MCQs at the end of each topic on DigiNerve to assess your knowledge of the NEET PG topics. This will boost your confidence in each subject or topic and thus, give you more time later to revise the topics that you might find difficult. Discuss and brainstorm with your friends to recall information.
5. Indulge in leisure activities: The most important NEET PG Study tips is to take time out from studying and give a break to your mind for refreshment. You can take a break to give time to your hobbies like playing games, listening to music, or going out. It’s equally important to indulge in physical activities to stay fit, physically and mentally.
6. Take Enough Sleep: You can either choose to study at night till late or early morning but don’t compromise on the right amount of sleep. Medical students who do not get enough good-quality sleep may find it challenging to focus during long lectures and understand complex information.

You may get a guaranteed rank by following simple NEET PG 2023 Cracking Tips mentioned below:

1. Take notes constantly – Taking notes while studying can help filter important information and acing NEET PG 2023 Preparation. This ensures an effective revision just before the NEET PG exam. Try looking through your study notes every day after class because it’s simpler to recall key ideas from your notes than from the book right before the NEET PG 2023 exam.
2. Create a smart study schedule — For NEET PG Preparation, know about the exam pattern by attempting past years’ question papers, and prepare for Pre-clinical, Para-clinical, and Clinical mock exams for a real-time simulation. Mock tests increase your confidence and your ability to solve questions in time. Many NEET PG Toppers follow this trick. Spending too much time on subjects about which you are certain is a waste of time.
3. Select the right resources to study – Often, students go on a searching spree for extra study resources. However, it is extremely important to stick to the textbook and related lectures to avoid discrepancies in the concepts. This is where the DigiNerve app plays a vital role by providing video lectures by authors such as Dr. Apurba Sastry’s Microbiology lectures, Dr. Harsh Mohan’s Pathology lectures, and Dr. Archith Boloor’s Medicine lectures, and more along with medical study notes and MCQs. Medical Students can get their concepts cleared from India’s top faculty to ace university exams and NEET PG  2023 with flying colors.
4. Clear your doubts sooner rather than later – Never let your doubts fester. It is preferable to resolve your doubts ahead of time rather than regretting them afterward in the exam hall. Never be afraid to ask questions from classmates or professors.
5. Revision – A focused revision is the most crucial part of your NEET PG preparation. It will help you to memorize NEET PG 2023 topics after they have been clarified. Make use of your NEET PG Exam notes and try to answer as many MCQs as you can. Focus exclusively on the subjects in which you are weak and then, cover the entire NEET PG 2023 syllabus allotting time to each subject as per difficulty. This strategy will certainly improve your chances of getting a good NEET PG Exam score in 2023.
6. Practice mock tests every day – A real-time simulation of the exam is necessary to ensure that nothing comes as a surprise during the NEET PG 2023 exam. Taking online medical exams can help you get more comfortable with the review pattern, allowing you to assess your speed and improve time management.

NEET PG, officially the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test is the most competitive medical entrance exam for undergraduate students in India. Equipped with the NEET PG 2023 exam syllabus and medical study tips on how to score 600+ in NEET PG 2023, any hard-working student can get the grade that they want and gain admission into their medical college of choice.

Before we dive into some medical study tips on how to score 600 in NEET PG, you may be wondering why this number is even important. Ultimately, the NEET PG All India Rank will be the determining factor for college cut-offs, thus, knowing how to score 600 in NEET PG 2023 is essential to get into the best colleges. Let’s move onto some NEET PG 2023 preparation tips to make sure that you get the rank you deserve –

1. Know the Syllabus – While it may seem obvious that having extensive knowledge of the NEET PG exam syllabus will be essential, it may not be such an easy task for some students. The NTA constructs a notoriously vast syllabus according to inputs from the syllabi of CBSE, various state boards, COBSE, and NCERT. The biggest NEET PG 2023 preparation tips surround tackling the vast syllabus and finding ways to ensure easily memorize notes for the whole NEET PG exam syllabus.
2. Study the Exam Pattern – All exams have a particular type of pattern that can be studied and followed. By finding past papers and analyzing the pattern and mark distribution of different topics, students can gain a better understanding of commonly asked topics and can learn how to crack the NEET PG 2023. While focusing on the future NEET PG 2023 exam date is important, it is equally important to delve into the past.
3. Find a Perfect Study Plan – Study plans will always be subjective and must be catered according to the most effective study methods for you. However, by honing in on your most effective methods of retention, you can create a timetable by slotting certain topics with specific dates to leave enough room for revision and extensive self-assessment. Anyone looking for how to score 600 in NEET PG will find the answer in a detailed study plan that is conscientiously followed through right up until the NEET PG 2023 exam.
4. Learn Effective Time Management – As NEET PG exam syllabus is vast, it is essential to effectively and methodically manage your time. NEET-PG is a three and a half hour exam, and therefore, practicing to manage time and attending all the questions during the exam can be one of the most important NEET PG 2023 preparation tips. So, learn to slot time and speed through questions calmly and methodically.
5. Stay Fit & Healthy – In the quest for learning how to score 600+ in NEET PG 2023, it can be tempting to fall into unhealthy habits such as hogging junk food, avoiding exercise, isolating yourself too much, and even slumping into a negative headspace. However, keeping yourself fit, eating nutritious food, finding small pockets of much-needed socialisation, and constantly checking in on your mental health is of utmost importance, especially if you want to stay healthy and motivated until the NEET PG 2023 exam date.

Now that you know the best medical study tips on how to score 600 in NEET PG in 2023, stay focused, determined, and remember to start your preparation by first absorbing the NEET PG exam syllabus. To learn more on how to score 600+ in NEET PG 2023, click here to read more of Diginerve’s blogs.

As the date for the NEET PG exam approaches, lot of students might be looking for information on the internet instead of their textbook in order to soak up some last words of advice and find unearthed NEET PG study tips. If you’re one of these students and have exhausted yourself with months of NEET PG preparation, here are some of the most important things to know as you prepare for your NEET PG exam.

1. Crack NEET to study Abroad – If you want to study abroad, it is still essential that you attempt the NEET PG exam. To study medicine abroad, all students will need a letter from the Ministry of Health and this may only be done upon successfully completing the NEET PG exam.
2. Make a Study Plan – During your initial days of NEET PG preparation, you may feel as though you have everything under control. However, to plan what to study, and what you need to revise, and how much is left, you absolutely need a study plan, making it one of the most important NEET PG cracking tips.
3. Make Sure You Take Breaks – If some NEET PG preparation tips by toppers include 12-hour study per day, then it is essential to also focus on how these toppers took out time for refreshments to stay healthy. Out of all the NEET PG 2023 tips you need to follow, this one is the best for your physical and mental health.
4. Structure a Routine – Human beings structure everything according to routine, so it should come as no surprise that one of the most promising NEET PG 2023 tips includes sticking to a routine. Whether it’s a specific snack you eat during your NEET PG preparation or even what kind of instrumental music you listen to, a routine can help you get in the best mindset to crack the exam.
5. Practice, Practice, Practice – Ultimately, the most effective NEET PG cracking tip will be based on your own hard work, and what better way to prepare for the NEET PG exam other than doing past papers! During your NEET PG preparation, solve papers according to a strict three-hour time limit, revise old topics as much as you can, and stay dedicated.
6. Use Mnemonics – Mnemonics bring a fun element to learning and helps to remember information that seems difficult. By adding acronyms, wordplay, colour associations, and other such creative methods, your NEET PG preparation will be effective and enjoyable.

With these 7 NEET PG cracking tips, you can ace the exam confidently. to clear your concepts with Diginerve, a learning platform to help you crack NEET PG 2023.

For over a year now, college students have had to adjust to a different routine and with the new re-opening of campuses, medical students may be feeling stressed and anxious. The question of ‘how has COVID affected college students?’ has several answers but centers around the adaptation to a more secluded and solitary life. Thus, the thought of returning to campus for medical students during COVID can be daunting. Even though COVID safety for students will already be a top priority for campus administration, it’s still helpful to learn various important tips for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic that may come in handy.

1. Wear Masks – The best way to ensure COVID safety for students is to still wear masks in large crowds, to classes, and when meeting new people. Even though many people on campus may be vaccinated, the best and most obvious tip for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic is to stay vigilant and take precautions.

2. Relax Outdoors – Another way that COVID has affected college students is the complete halt to forms of socialization like parties. Now that everyone is returning to campus, it can be tempting to throw caution to the wind and have massive indoor hangouts. However, the best way to ensure COVID safety for students is to avoid indoor places and choose to take walks, have picnics, and find other ways to be outside.

3. Choose Safety – Medical students during COVID will be able to assess whether or not a situation is safe or risky. If you ever feel like you are in an unsafe location where not a thought is given to COVID-19 and medical students shun safety norms, leave!

4. Talk to People – One way that COVID has affected students is through increased isolation. Reach out to your friends or create groups to talk about your concerns and excitement about returning to campus.

5. Communicate with Professors – If you still have concerns around COVID-19 and medical students around you do not have answers, approach your professors. Not only will this help calm you but they may also have other tips for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic that you didn’t realize!

6. Take a Break – If you know some medical students during COVID who have been unsafe, don’t feel compelled to hang out with them. It is perfectly normal to avoid unsafe people, even if they are your friends.

7. Sanitise – Out of all tips for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, sanitizing repeatedly is one of the most important suggestions. Every time you touch an unknown surface and before you eat food, make sure to sanitize thoroughly.

8. Disinfect Objects – You may be shopping for college supplies like textbooks and housing supplies before your return to campus. Make sure you sanitize and disinfect all unknown packages and objects before you place them in your room.
9. Avoid Elevators – By taking the stairs, you can protect yourself against COVID-19 and medical students who are in an enclosed space and might be infecting each other.

10. Contact Administration If Needed – If you find rules regarding COVID safety for students are being repeatedly flouted, do not hesitate to contact department heads or members of campus administration. This will not only protect you but will also protect other medical students during COVID.

Now that you know the best tips for medical students during the pandemic, focus your energy on something that increases your knowledge and diverts your mind from the pandemic. The most productive decision is engaging in useful medical courses. To help with this, click here to view DigiNerve’s various medical courses.

COVID-19 has devastated families, institutions, and livelihoods while also scarring those at the front lines who witness it every single day. The strain put on our mental health during COVID-19 cannot be understated and the lockdown spent watching the news during such a time of extreme crisis has pressured our mental health further. It can be helpful to take moments out of your day to truly reflect on COVID-19’s impact on education and the mental health of students that might be fractured at the moment.

For those looking to pursue medicine, seeing crippling amounts of pressure being put on the healthcare system might be personally worrying. However, it is especially important to consider the mental health of students at such a critical juncture. To help take care of your mental health during covid-19, keep the following tips in mind to reduce stress.

1. Free Headspace Subscription – Headspace is a US-based meditation app that announced a free subscription to all healthcare workers in India to tackle their mental health during COVID-19. Headspace has conducted numerous studies to reach the definitive conclusion that with just 30 days of guided meditation and practicing mindfulness, there has been a 30% stress reduction, greatly boosting mental health of students during COVID-19. If you are searching for a sense of peace in your days, consider signing up for Headspace.

2. Take Care of Your Health – It can be difficult to separate your own life from those you care for but finding time to ensure that you are getting the exercise and nutrition you need is essential for myriad reasons. Firstly, an adequate diet that is supplemented with vitamins and nutritious food is essential to building up your immune system, an important factor when amid a pandemic. Secondly, as physical and mental health during covid-19 are interrelated, exercise regularly, try and sleep for full 8 hours, and eat healthy.

3. Communicate Often – One of the best ways to destress and find a connection in an isolating time is to talk to other people. Be it friends, family, or a counselor, consider finding a connection and a way to unwind. Especially when considering COVID-19’s impact on the education and mental health of students during covid-19, these forms of socialization may provide a much-needed respite.

4. Limit News – The endlessness of social media coupled with the stress of news can seriously harm the mental health of students during covid-19 and adults alike. While we all must remain alert about further developments in the pandemic, limit the amount of time that you ingest news.

If you find moments of solace through submerging yourself into challenging but rewarding tasks, perhaps signing up for an online course is a good way to spend your day. To get started, click here to view DigiNerve’s medical course options.

As the NEET PG exam is approaching, here are a few things that students should keep in mind to soothe tension, revise efficiently, and avoid unnecessary panic. Listed below are some do’s during the NEET PG 2023 entrance exam preparation, as well as few things to avoid. Following these will not only help you understand how to prepare for the medical exam but will also explain why prioritizing mental and physical health is of utmost importance.

1. Make a strict study plan – An effective study plan for the NEET PG entrance exam preparation must include detailed personal notes of the most important topics covered, along with scheduled time slots within which they need to be revised. Planning your revision process in a more structured manner will help avoid mistakes like redoing topics previously revised and helps provide a roadmap to how many topics need to be covered in a strict amount of time.
2. Prioritize Health – While amid NEET PG coaching, it can be hard to prioritize your physical health. However, it is of utmost importance that all students keep up with a healthy diet of nutritious food at frequent intervals, try and limit processed food and caffeine as much as possible, and exercise often. This may seem like a low priority but falling ill will only negatively affect your NEET PG entrance exam preparation by slowing down the amount of studying possible. Similarly, checking in on your mental health is equally important. Since all PG medical entrances will undoubtedly be stressful, preparations may take a toll on your mental health. To avoid burnout, talk to family and friends, set aside strict time to relax at the end of the day, and remember that this period is temporary.
3. Practice Makes Perfect – During the last leg of the NEET PG 2023 entrance exam preparation, revising and practicing concepts you have already learned is key. There is no time for learning new concepts in NEET PG coaching and efforts to cram new information at the last minute will only confuse you further. Focus on practice questions, sample tests, and mock exam papers to ace this PG medical entrance.

Now that you know the basic of what should be done as medical entrance exams approach, here are a few things to avoid:

1. Don’t lose confidence – Studying hard at the same thing for months can often leave you feeling weak and under-confident but this will only worsen the situation. As 5^th March approaches, stay focused and stay confident. You already know how to prepare for the medical entrance and have done all the required coaching. All that’s left is to give the exam with courage and belief in yourself.
2. Don’t Over Exert – There is only so much revising and studying one can do in a day so be sure to leave time aside for relaxing at the end of the day. Another mistake is to avoid is cutting down on sleep. Sleep deprivation has been proven to lower levels of alertness and mental cognition which is to be avoided for your PG medical entrance exam.

So continue with your NEET PG entrance exam preparation refreshed with a list of do’s and don’ts to keep in mind. For last-minute help with pg medical entrance coaching, click here to see Diginerve’s course catalogue, and good luck!

In the upcoming years, the National Exit Exam (NExT) will serve to standardize Indian medical education by replacing the MCI screening exam as well as the NEET PG exam. Thus, the primary questions on the minds of all medical students are related to learning how to prepare for the NExT exam after MBBS and also finding the best coaching for it. To know preparation tips for the NExTexam, we first need to understand how it is structured:

The NExT exam for MBBS has two parts, NExT-1 and NExT-2.

• NExT-1 is the theory section of the exam and involves several multiple-choice questions from which the answer that is the most correct will be awarded marks. However, much like other medical exams earlier, to begin NExT exam preparation, students first need to complete the final year of their MBBS degree. After around 15-30 days of attempting the final year exam, students can begin their NExT exam and then can move on to an internship for 10 months.

• NExT-2 is the practical section of the exam that can only be attempted once NExT-1 is cleared, and the required internship is completed. To reduce the stress levels of students, luckily the NExT-2 will be a pass-or-fail type of exam, meaning that there will be no required cut-off necessary. Thus, the NExT exam for MBBS involves preparing for the first stage, completing it to move on to the internship, and then finishing the internship to attempt the second stage.

The most important part of preparing tips for the NExT exam relates to understanding the syllabus and then creating a study plan with detailed notes that will cater to it. While the official syllabus and marks distribution is yet to be released, according to minutes from a meeting with the National Medical Commission, the content should resemble something like this –

• A total of 540 MCQs from three broad categories, each with associated minor subjects.
• The broad subject of Medicine, which includes Dermatology and Psychiatry, with a minor subject of Pediatrics – all of which add up to 180 MCQs.
• The broad subject of Surgery, which includes Orthopaedics and Anaesthesia, with a minor subject of ENT – all of which add up to 180 MCQs.
• The broad subject of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, which includes Radiology, with a minor subject of ophthalmology – all of which add up to 180 MCQs.
• Each set of 180 MCQs will take place in a span of three days.
• The syllabus will include all topics covered during the five-year MBBS degree.
• Questions for the NExT-2 will be based on the knowledge gained during the internship period.

As more official information is released about the NExT exam after MBBS, students can learn more details on how to prepare for it. Soon, there will be various additional resources for students, from which they can look for the best coaching for NExT exam preparation. To know more about online coaching, click here to exploreDigiNerve.

The question of how to prepare for the AIIMS PG entrance exams is probably stuck on the minds of all students. Luckily, this article lists various preparation tips for study and other helpful advice surrounding the medical exam that all students should know. To get started, here are some essential AIIMS PG exam preparation tips to keep in mind while studying:

1. Practice Tests & Mock Exams – Attempting practice tests and mock exams is the best way to assess how much knowledge is retained. It also helps target weak zones or gaps during past preparation that students can cater their study schedule around, to ensure that everyone knows exactly how to prepare for AIIMS PG. Besides, this is a good way to improve speed and it puts students in an environment close to that of the actual AIIMS PG exam in 2021 so that they get familiar with the whole process. Another AIIMS PG exam preparation tip is to attempt past years’ question papers. By doing so, students can familiarise themselves with the structure of the paper, and even look for possible patterns!

2. Effective Time Management – Time management, both in attempting the AIIMS PG entrance exam and in preparing for it, should be a top priority for all students. By timing yourself during each mock exam, you can gauge your average speed and identify time-consuming topics to revise further. Additionally, students must manage their time in such a way that they have allotted adequate preparation and revision time for all topics, especially those that they struggle with.

3. Creating a Study Plan – Creating an effective study plan that organizes the amount of time until the AIIMS PG entrance exam according to the amount of material left to be covered is an essential factor in good preparation. Make sure that time is not only slotted for new material but also adequate revision and subsequent testing. Luckily, all of the best online coaching for AIIMS PG will provide students with the best study plan!

4. Accessing Good Material – Good material comes not only in the form of textbooks, tests, and notes but also in the manner in which it is provided to students. Valuable coaching for the AIIMS entrance exam gives students the best quality material but does so in an accessible manner – one that is easy to understand and allows for questions.

Thus, all students have to do is stay focused, stick to the plan, and have confidence! For students looking for more coaching options, click here to view DigiNerve’s various courses.

Medicine is regarded as a respected and lucrative career option by young professionals across the globe. However, becoming a doctor is not easy. Preparing for medical entrance exams is an uphill task. Adding to that the overall pressure and the expectations are enough to stress out any student. It is essential to know the most efficient manner to prepare which yields the best results without being overwhelmed.

Here are a few medical study tips for medical students on how to prepare for the MBBS exam:

1. Strengthening Core Concepts

A common mistake medical students make while preparing for the MBBS exam is trying to memorize concepts instead of understanding them. To score well, students must have a good basic understanding of concepts. This can be achieved by strengthening your core concepts and building a solid foundation when you start preparing for the MBBS exam.

This will not only help you in your MBBS 1st-year exam preparation but also form a base so you don’t have to re-learn concepts while preparing for subsequent exams, such as the final year MBBS exam preparation and the NEET PG.

2. Read and Study from Standard Books

Standard books clearly explain all concepts which are required to help build a solid foundation while preparing for MBBS exams, along with helping students develop easy ways of analyzing questions and problems. Standardized books and authors dive deep into each concept and explain the reasoning behind each of the facts, which helps you to study for MBBS exams. A good study tip for MBBS exams is to first use standard books and authors to grasp and develop an understanding of concepts, and then use guidebooks to revise and refresh your memory during 2^nd year MBBS exam preparation.

3. Review concepts with MCQs and Practice Questions

One major error that students make when preparing for exams is to spend a lot of their time on passive learning – i.e., reading learning material, notes, and watching lectures. An easy tip for MBBS students is to spend less time on passive learning and focus more on practical assessment techniques like doing practice tests and MCQs.

Multiple-choice questions are a quick way to gauge your understanding of a concept of the subject before moving to the next chapter. MCQs test analytical skills where students must skillfully eliminate wrong options. Solving MCQs after reading and understanding a topic ensures that you grasp each of the concepts.

Another helpful MBBS study tip is to try and integrate your subjects as much as possible. Instead of isolating each concept, students should try and understand how each subject correlates with one another because medicine is nothing but a combination of basic subjects. Integrating your understanding of basic subjects will help you further analyze and understand more complex topics in your medical studies.

4. Focus on Practical Applications

When students start thinking about how to prepare for an exam, the first thing that comes to mind is memorizing theory. Learning concepts based on a theoretical understanding is necessary, but a practical understanding can help strengthen all theoretical concepts through an application-based approach. Practical assessments also often require a fair amount of practice, and therefore, while preparing for MBBS exams, a knowledge of practical skills is essential. Practical applications coupled with practice exam question papers will ensure that you have a strong grasp of all concepts, thereby, building your understanding of theoretical concepts.

5. Don’t Spend All Your Time on Your Studies

To ensure you stay happy and healthy through medical school, it is important to go out and have some fun. Don’t let medical school take over your life and maintaining a few hobbies will ensure your stress levels stay low. When your life is well-balanced, you can focus better on your studies instead of getting bogged down and stressed out by your course material.

Easy tips for MBBS students to enjoy medical school, is to ensure you balance out your studies and hobbies. Make sure you schedule at least one hour of fun or hobbies into your day. Planning your day out can help you ensure that you can have fun while also staying on top of your course material and revisions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1 ) How many hours should an MBBS student study?
Ans. Ideally, 7-9 hours a day is enough to study at MBBS. Top graded MBBS online study material can help you understand the concepts better and prepare the subjects easily. You can find trusted content along with guidance by India’s top faculty on online medical learning apps that provide conceptual clarity; the most recommended being DigiNerve.
The app provides Microbiology video lectures by Dr. Apurba Sastry, Pathology video lectures by Prof. Harsh Mohan & Prof. Ramadas Nayak, SRB’s Surgery video lectures, and Dr. Archith Boloor’s Medicine video lectures, Pediatrics video lectures by Dr. Santosh T Soans and many more to give students an unparalleled experience.

Q2 ) Is studying MBBS difficult?
Ans. Studying MBBS is not at all difficult if a medical student has the right guidance. One has to study smart, be persistent in efforts, and must have a clear knowledge of concepts. MBBS lecture notes can help students understand complex concepts easily. They can also access video lectures by India’s most sought-after faculty including their textbook authors online with DigiNerve to get conceptual clarity.

Q3 ) What is the easiest way to study MBBS?
Ans. There is no easy way to study MBBS as there is no alternative to hard work and learning from the trusted study material. Make your efforts count by subscribing to DigiNerve’s online MBBS courses. With ample video lectures, practice MCQs and notes, get conceptual clarity from India’s top faculty such as Dr. Apurba Sastry, Prof. Harsh Mohan, Prof. Ramadas Nayak, and Dr. Sriram Bhat, Dr. Archith Boloor, Dr. Santosh T Soans and many more.

DigiNerve is an online medical education platform by Jaypee Brothers and it is here to solve all the tutoring needs of the medical undergraduate students, postgraduate students and professionals. It aims to provide top notch content to improve concept-building, acquire clinical skills & crack exams by top-class faculty, accessible anytime, anywhere.

There are four categories of courses offered by DigiNerve: UnderGrad, PostGrad, Professional and Exam Prep.

UnderGrad Category includes courses of 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th year MBBS subjects:

• Microbiology for UnderGrads by Dr. Apurba S Sastry, Dr. Sandhya Bhat & Dr. Deepashree R
• Pathology for UnderGrads by Prof. Harsh Mohan, Prof. Ramadas Nayak & Dr. Debasis Gochhait
• Pharmacology for UnderGrads by Dr. Sandeep Kaushal & Dr. Nirmal George
• Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for UnderGrads by Dr. Gautam Biswas
• Ophthalmology for UnderGrads by Dr. Parul Ichhpujani & Dr. Talvir Sidhu
• Community Medicine for UnderGrads by Dr. Bratati Banerjee
• Pediatrics for UnderGrads by Dr. Santosh T Soans & Dr. Soundarya Mahalingam
• Orthopaedics for UnderGrads by Dr. Vivek Pandey
• Medicine for UnderGrads by Dr. Archith Boloor
• Surgery for UnderGrads by Dr. Sriram Bhat M
• OBGYN for UnderGrads by Dr. K Srinivas

Additionally, two combos are also available in the UnderGrads section,

• Basic Sciences Combo: This combo includes the second professional courses (Microbiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology) along with Clinics to provide them a clinical foundation in 2^nd prof.
• Clinical Combo: This combo includes Medicine, Surgery, OBGYN, Orthopaedics, Ophthalmology, Community Medicine, Pediatrics and Forensic Medicine & Toxicology course.

PostGrad Category includes MD specialisation courses:

• OBGYN MD by Dr. Aswath Kumar
• Dermatology MD by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar & Dr. S. Sacchidanand
• Ophthalmology MD by Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna
• Pediatrics MD by Prof. Piyush Gupta

Professional Category includes following courses:

• Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy by Dr. Sonal Panchal & Dr. Chaitanya Nagori
• Basics of Infertility & IUI Made Easy by Dr. Chaitanya Nagori & Dr. Sonal Panchal
• Ganga Videos on Spine Surgery by Prof. Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan, Dr. Ajoy Prasad Shetty & Dr. Rishi Mukesh Kanna
• Advance Course in Infertility and Ultrasound by Dr. Sonal Panchal and Dr. Chaitanya Nagori
• Critical Care Simplified by Dr. Yatin Mehta, Dr. Subhal Dixit, and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe
• Organ Donation Simplified by Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe and Dr. Rahul Pandit
• Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Simplified by Dr. Rasya Dixit, Dr. Urmila Nischal and Dr. K.C. Nischal

Exam Prep Category includes following courses:

• Cracking MRCOG Part 1- Comprehensive Course by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 1- Mock Exam by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 2- Comprehensive Course by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 2- Mock Exam by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 3- Live OSCEs Engagement by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 3- Non-Interactive OSCEs by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCP Part 1 by Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander and Dr. Archith Boloor

Why Choose DigiNerve?

The course content offered by DigiNerve is not only as per the respective curriculums, but is also brought to students easily and interactively. The courses include highly illustrative video lectures, competitive self-assessment questions, progress analysis, and specially curated notes while always focusing on concept-based learning. Here are a few other aspects of DigiNerve that set it as the best guide a student can have during their Top Doc journey:

1. Esteemed Faculty: Each course on DigiNerve is curated and taught by Gold Standard Faculty in the respective field. For example, ‘Cracking MRCP Part-1’ is taught by the highly acclaimed Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander and Dr. Archith Boloor, each of whom has published research papers and taught at renowned medical universities. Similarly, ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy’ is structured and mentored by the distinguished faculty, Dr. Sonal Panchal and Dr. Chaitanya Nagori, who have years of expertise, and have published successful books on gynecology. Also, the UG courses such as Microbiology for UnderGrads is taught by the maestro himself, Dr. Apurba S Sastry along with Dr. Sandhya Bhat & Dr. Deepashree R, Pathology for UnderGrads by Prof. Harsh Mohan, Prof. Ramadas Nayak & Dr. Debasis Gochhait. These faculties already have irreplaceable place in the shelves of every medical student. Thus, all students can be assured that no matter which course they choose, DigiNerve has got their back.
2. Credible Content: Since all course content is structured by renowned faculty, all students get the latest medical breakthroughs, practically relevant material, clinical case demonstrations & discussions and have the benefit of over 50-year of trusted medical legacy that Jaypee provides. All of this results in courses that have credible and valuable information to help students not only ace their medical and entrance exams but also develop their professional abilities as doctors.
3. Easy to Use: DigiNerve is designed to be as student friendly as possible. With an efficient and detailed website and a virtual classroom experience that is based on interactivity, all students can access courses and navigate with ease. Further, students can learn from their respective courses and content anytime and anywhere via the DigiNerve App. The app also has other great features such as, Continue Journey Widget, Split View option to access the video lectures and notes simultaneously, Video Indexing, and ‘Ask a doubt’ feature.
4. Specialization Courses: Apart from providing students with courses to help them crack competitive exams, DigiNerve also has specialized courses for doctors looking to hone in on a particular skill, or for postgraduate students looking to enhance their practical knowledge. One such course is ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy’. The course provides students with the detailed knowledge of ultrasounds that is essential for gynecology and radiology practice. It also specifically teaches cutting-edge fetal medicine knowledge to help doctors reach a diagnosis.
5. International Certification: On completion of the specialized courses offered in Infertility and IUI, Ultrasound in OBGYN, DigiNerve facilitates internationally recognized certificate for its students. Thus, boosting their CV, opening doors for higher pay and international practice in the respective specialization. For some courses like the USG course, students on completion receive a certificate from the prestigious Ian Donald Inter-University School.

DigiNerve is unparalleled in the quality of courses offered, the range of material taught, the Gold Standard faculty that structure and teach the courses, and the easily navigable interface. Thus, giving students helpful courses at a competitive price that provides them conceptual clarity allowing them to excel in their exams and also offers practical guidance.