Everything is made for a defined purpose anything which is not intended for further use is termed waste. In the scientific and industrial eras combined with the increasing population, the turnover of products has gone very high increasing the quantum of urban solid waste. With the increased need for health care in a changing society the role of hospitals/nursing homes comes to the forefront.

Hospital waste or types of healthcare waste should include any material generated in healthcare establishments including aqueous and other liquid waste.

Hospital waste means any solid, fluid, or liquid waste material including its container and any other intermediate product which is generated during short-term and long-term care consisting of observational, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative services for a person suffering or suspected to be suffering from disease or injury and for parturient or during research of production and testing of biological during immunization of human being.

Types of Healthcare waste facilities are responsible for managing healthcare waste generated within their facilities, as well as waste generated through activities in the community. These facilities must undertake proper segregation, collection, in-house transportation, pre-treatment, and waste storage before handing it over to a Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) operator.

Therefore, proper management of healthcare waste at these facilities necessitates that all categories of staff understand and adhere to the technical requirements for waste handling as per the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016.

 

Classifications of Waste Generated from Healthcare Sectors

1. Bio-Medical Waste

It refers to any waste produced during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals as well as related research activities, or during the production or testing of biologicals in health camps. This includes all waste from healthcare facilities that could potentially harm human health or the environment if improperly disposed of. Such waste is considered infectious and must be managed according to the Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2016 to prevent adverse effects on health or the environment.

Around 10% to 15% of the total waste generated by healthcare facilities constitutes biomedical waste. This category includes materials that have come into contact with patients’ blood, secretions, infected body parts, biological fluids, chemicals, medical equipment, pharmaceutical waste, laboratory discharge, sharp objects like needles and glassware, and plastics.

According to the Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2016, this waste is categorized into four types based on how it is segregated and color-coded. Each category includes specific types of biomedical waste, as given below:

• Yellow Category
• Red Category
• White Category
• Blue Category

These categories are divided as per the types of waste under each category as follows:

Category	Type of Waste
Yellow	Human Anatomical Waste Human tissues, organs, body parts, and fetus below the viability period (as per the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971, amended from time to time).
	Animal Anatomical Waste Experimental animal carcasses, body parts, organs, and tissues, including the waste generated from animals used in experiments or testing in veterinary hospitals or colleges, or animal houses.
	Solid Waste Items contaminated with blood, body fluids like dressings, plaster casts, cotton swabs, and bags containing residual or discarded blood and blood components.
	Discarded Medicine Pharmaceutical waste like antibiotics, and cytotoxic drugs including all items contaminated with cytotoxic drugs along with glass or plastic ampoules, and vials. Etc.
	Chemical Waste Chemicals used in the production of biological and used or discarded disinfectants.
	Chemical Liquid Waste Liquid waste is generated due to the use of chemicals in the production of biological and used or discarded disinfectants, Silver X-ray film developing liquid, discarded Formalin, infected secretions, aspired body fluids, liquid from laboratories, and floor washings, cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting activities, etc.
	Discarded linen, mattresses, beddings contaminated with blood or body fluid, routine mask & gown.
	Microbiology, Biotechnology, and other clinical laboratory waste (Pre-treated)
	Microbiology, Biotechnology, and other clinical laboratory waste: Blood bags, laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of microorganisms, live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell cultures used in research, industrial laboratories, production of biological, residual toxins, dishes, and devices used for cultures.
Red	Wastes are generated from disposable items such as tubing, bottles, intravenous tubes and sets, catheters, urine bags, syringes without needles, fixed needle syringes with their needles cut, vacutainers, and gloves.
White	Waste Sharps Including Metals Needles, syringes with fixed needles, needles from needle tip cutters or burners, scalpels, blades, or any other contaminated sharp object that may cause punctures and cuts. This includes both used, discarded, and contaminated metal sharps.
Blue	Broken or discarded and contaminated glass including medicine vials and ampoules except those contaminated with cytotoxic wastes.

 

2. General Waste

General waste includes all waste other than biomedical waste that has not been in contact with hazardous waste or infectious materials, chemicals, or biological secretions, and does not include sharp objects. This type of waste typically includes:

• Newspaper, paper, and cardboard boxes
• Plastic water bottles
• Aluminum cans from soft drinks
• Packaging materials
• Food containers after removing leftover food
• Organic or biodegradable waste, mainly food waste
• Construction and demolition waste

These general wastes are classified as wet wastes and dry wastes and should be collected separately. The quantity of general waste is around 85% to 90% of the total generated from the facility.

 

3. Other Wastes

Other wastes include electronic devices such as batteries and radioactive materials that are not classified as biomedical waste. They must be disposed of according to specific regulations: the E-waste (Management) Rules of 2016, the Batteries ( Management & Handling) Rules of 2001, and the rules or guidelines established under the Atomic Energy Act of 1962, depending on the type of waste generated.

 

Guidelines for Management of Healthcare Waste Categories as per Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016

Figure 1: Categorization & Classifications of Wastes in Health Care Facilities.

 

Color Coding and 4 types of dustbins in hospitals used for Waste Segregation & Collection

According to Schedule I of the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules of 2016, healthcare facilities (HCFs) must use specific color-coded dustbins and types of containers/bags for segregating and collecting biomedical waste generated within the facility.

Category	Type of Waste	Colored Container & Type of Container	Treatment Options as per Schedule I
Yellow Category	Animal Anatomical Waste Human Anatomical Waste Discarded or Expired Medicine Microbiology, Biotechnology, and other clinical laboratory waste Chemical Waste (yellow-e) Chemical Liquid Waste	Yellow-colored non-chlorinated Plastic Bags. NOTE: Chemical waste (yellow-e) comprising unused, residual, or date-expired liquid chemicals including spent hypo of X-Ray, should be stored in a yellow container.	Incineration/deep burial
Red Category	Contaminated Waste (Recyclable)	Red Colored Non-Chlorinated Plastic Bags (having thickness equal to more than 50u) and containers.	Autoclaving/microwaving/chemical treatment
White Category	Waste Sharps including metals	White Colored translucent puncture-proof, leak-proof, tamper-proof containers.	Autoclaving/microwaving/chemical treatment and destruction/shredding
Blue Category	Glassware Metallic Implants	Puncture-proof, leak-proof boxes or containers with blue-colored markings.	Disposal of wastes and secured landfill

 

Bio-Medical Waste Collection

Time of Collection

• Daily Collection: Ensure daily collection from each hospital ward at fixed intervals.
• Timing Adjustments: Schedule collections based on waste generation patterns throughout the day.
• Separate Collection: Avoid collecting general waste concurrently with biomedical waste.
• Visitor Waste Management: Collect general waste immediately after visiting hours to prevent accumulation.
• Personal Protective Equipment: Provide PPE to staff handling biomedical waste.

Packaging

• Filling and Sealing: Fill biomedical waste bags and sharp containers up to three-quarters full and seal them promptly.
• Sealing Methods: Use ties or plastic tags to seal bags to avoid stapling.
• Availability of Replacement: Ensure replacement bags or containers are readily available at collection points.
• Labeling Requirements: Label bags and containers with biohazard symbols, including details like date, type of waste, quantity, and sender’s and receiver’s information.
• Barcode Compliance: Affix barcoded labels on the bag as per CPCB guidelines.

 

Labeling

• Biohazard Symbols: Clearly label all bags, containers, and bins with biohazard or cytotoxic symbols as per BMWM Rules, 2016.

Interim Storage

• Minimization: Discourage interim storage of biomedical waste in patient care areas.
• Designated Areas: Store biomedical waste temporarily in designated, low-traffic areas if necessary.

 

Treatment Option for Bio-medical Waste Types

Treatment Options	Biomedical Chemical Processes
Thermal Processes Low-heat Systems (93-177oC)	Autoclave: steam disinfection Microwave: moist heat and steam from microwave energy
High-heat Systems	Incinerator: combustion and high-temperature plasma. Hydroclaving: like incineration but at a lower temperature.
Mechanical Processes	Compaction: reduce volume. Shredding: destroy plastic and paper waste to prevent reuse.
Irradiation Processes	Exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation. Require post shredding to render waste unrecognizable.
Biological Processes	Use biological enzymes to treat waste. Claim to decontaminate and destroy organic constituents.
Considerations for Processing Incineration	Design to achieve emission limits. No chemically treated waste with chlorinated disinfectants. Limit toxic metals in ash. Use only low-sulfur fuel.
Autoclaving	Dedicated autoclave for disinfection. Time, temperature, and pressure must meet stipulated limits.
Microwaving	Not for hazardous waste or radioactive waste. Must kill bacteria and pathogens at maximum capacity.
Deep Burial	Pit 2m deep, half-filled with waste. Cover with lime and soil. Close and dedicated supervision.
Sharp Materials Disposal	Circular or rectangular pits lined with masonry or concrete. Cover with concrete slab and galvanized pipe.
Radioactive Waste	Store until radioactivity is low. Expert advice for discarding radioactive equipment.
Mercury Control	Collect and store spilled mercury. Send to manufacturers. Waste with 50 ppm mercury is hazardous.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is clinical waste, and how is it different from infectious waste?

Ans. Clinical waste includes all waste generated from medical facilities, including non-infectious materials like packaging and expired medications, whereas infectious waste refers to waste contaminated with pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms.

 

Q2. What are the proper disposal techniques for biomedical waste, particularly sharps waste?

Ans. Sharp waste like needles and scalpels, must be disposed of in puncture-proof containers specifically designed for sharps disposal. These types of containers are sealed and handled carefully to prevent injuries and potential infections during disposal.

 

Q3. How does improper medical waste management contribute to the spread of diseases?

Ans. Improper management of biohazardous waste can lead to contamination of the environment and increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases. Pathogens present in medical waste, if not managed correctly, can infect healthcare workers, patients, and the normal public.

 

Q4. What is some risk associated with inadequate handling of pathological waste?

Ans. Pathological waste which includes tissues, organs, and body parts, poses significant health risks if not properly managed. Exposure to such waste can lead to infections or exposure to hazardous chemicals used in treatments.

 

Q5. Why is it important for medical facilities to use appropriate medical waste containers?

Ans. Medical waste containers are designed to safely store and transport various types of medical waste, including biohazardous materials and sharps. Using proper containers minimizes the risk of accidental exposure and ensures compliance with regulations for safe disposal.

DigiNerve is constantly evolving to enhance your experience while you’re on your journey to becoming a Top Doc. We are excited to bring you the latest updates with our commitment to ensure a seamless journey on the go.

Read on the July edition (Vol – 1) of our monthly newsletter to know the latest updates.

 

CONTENT UPDATES

PostGrad Course Updates

Dermatology MD:-

1. Chat show on ‘Discussion on Leprosy’ by Dr. Vivek Vasudev Pai, Dr. Shraddha Mahobia, and Dr. Samira Siddiqui Khatoon Mohd. Hanif has been added to the course.

Learning Outcomes of the chat show were:

• To learn the approach to a patient with leprosy.
• To understand the current scenario of leprosy and the National Strategic Plan for 2023-2027 for India.
• To learn the approach to patients with lepra reactions and relapse.
• To understand the management of patients with ENL reactions and relapse.

 

Pediatrics MD:-

1. Chat show on ‘Approach to a Child with Asthma’ by Dr. Piyush Gupta and Dr. Prawin Kumar has been added to the course.

Learning Outcomes of the chat show were:

• Clinical presentation of asthma in children.
• How can a diagnosis of asthma in children be established?
• What is the role of the Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) in the diagnosis of asthma.
• Management of Asthma in Children.

 

Medicine MD:-

1. 8 new topics have been added to the following modules:

Module	Section	Topic
Rheumatology	Long Case Discussions	Gout
Infectious Diseases	Clinical Scenarios	Amoebic Liver Abscess
		Systemic Fungal Infections
		Japanese Encephalitis
Critical Care Medicine	Decision Making	Central Venous Line
		Intubation in Critically Ill Patients
Cardiology	Basic Sciences	Treadmill Test
Endocrinology and Diabetes	Long Case Discussions	Approach and Management of Hyponatremia

Note: The topics mentioned above also include 39 new self-assessment and 16 benchmark trials.

 

Update Your DigiNerve App for Better Experience.

 

To read the updates shared in the Monthly Newsletter June (Vol-2), click here.

DigiNerve is constantly evolving to enhance the user experience while you’re on their journey to becoming a Top Doc. We are excited to bring the latest updates with our commitment to ensure a seamless journey on the go.

Read our monthly newsletter’s June edition (Vol – 2) for the latest updates.

 

CONTENT UPDATES

PostGrad Course Updates

OBGYN MD:-

1. 5 new topics have been added to the following modules:

 

Section	Module	Topic
Gynecology	Menstrual Abnormalities	Menopause Hormonal Therapy
Obstetrics	Procedural Videos	Caesarean Section
	Third Stage of Labour and its Complications	Postpartum Psychiatric Illness
	Medical Disorders in Pregnancy	Case Discussion: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
	Labour (Normal and Abnormal)	Management of Abnormal Labour

Note: The topics mentioned above also include 25 new MCQs and 10 benchmark trials.

 

2. Chat show on ‘Primary Amenorrhea’ by Dr. Aswath Kumar and Dr. Lilly Varghese has been added to the course:

Learning Outcomes of the chat show were:

• Different etiologies of primary amenorrhea
• Important subtypes: Clinical features
• Investigations
• Management: Hormonal and surgical treatment

 

Surgery MS:-

1. Chat show on ‘Management of Head Injury’ by Prof. (Dr.) Nilay Mandal and Dr. Arjun Dasgupta has been added to the course.

Learning Outcomes of the chat show were:

• Initial assessment of a head injury patient
• Prevention of secondary injury and management of raised ICP
• Types of head injury and their radiological findings

 

Professional Course Updates

MRCOG Part 2:-

1. Webinar on ‘Discussion of Important Questions and Doubt Clearance (MRCOG-2 EMQs)’ by Dr. Richa Saxena has been added to the course.

Learning Outcomes of the webinar were:

• To discuss important questions of MRCOG part 2 exam.
• To prepare for exam with the help of carefully curated questions with detailed explanations, images and flowcharts.
• To ease the journey of clearing MRCOG exam.
• To understand latest patterns of questions as per RCOG curriculum (EMQs).

 

Technology Updates

1. Inclusion of HYQs

A new section of High Yield Questions has been included in the courses- Cracking MRCOG- PART 1 and Part 2. It comprises HYQs from the year 2016-2022.

2. Free Access to Dr. Wise

An additional benefit of 10 queries for non-subscribers.

3. Customised Question Bank Generator

• A new feature of Customised Question Bank Generator has been added, under the course of Cracking MRCOG Part-1.
• Beneath the ‘Test’ section, users can generate questions in the ‘Practice’ or ‘Test Mode’ as per the choice of difficulty level and as per the number of questions required.

 

Update Your DigiNerve App for Better Experience.

 

To read the updates shared in the Monthly Newsletter July (Vol-1), click here.

The UPSC CMS is an abbreviation for “Union Public Service Commission-Combined Medical Services” Examination. It is a competitive examination that the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) of India administers. The CMSE is held every year to fill various medical positions in government agencies including the Indian Railways, Central Health Service, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, and several other central government health institutions. The CMS exam allows medical professionals to join the esteemed Indian government healthcare service organizations and support the country’s healthcare system.

The difficulty level of the exam is self-explanatory by the term UPSC; UPSC CMSE is a hard nut to crack. With smart study, consistent efforts, and a lot of practice, you will pass with flying colours. Make sure to start early and stick to a realistic study plan and reliable study resources.

In this blog, you will get detailed information about the UPSC CMS exam recruitment category, eligibility criteria, exam pattern, selection procedure, and syllabus.

To be eligible to sit in the exam, a candidate must be either:

(a) an Indian citizen, or

(b) a subject of Nepal, or

(c) a subject of Bhutan, or

(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before the 1st January 1962 to permanently settle in India, or

(e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, or East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, 6 Malawi, Zaire, and Ethiopia or Vietnam to permanently settle in India.

Provided that a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India in favour of the candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d), and (e) mentioned above.

UPSC CMS Recruitment Category

UPSC CMS exam is conducted for the recruitment for the following categories and positions:

Category-I:

Medical Officers Grade in General Duty Medical Officers Sub-cadre of Central Health Services

Category-II:

Assistant Divisional Medical Officer in the Railways

General Duty Medical Officer in New Delhi Municipal Council

General Duty Medical Officer Gr-II in Municipal Corporation of Delhi

There are reservations for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Economically Weaker Sections, and Persons with Benchmark Disability as per the vacancies by the Government.

UPSC CMS Exam Pattern

Medical graduates with an MBBS degree along with completion of internship are eligible to apply for the UPSC CMS exam. There are two parts of CMSE, one is a written examination and the other is an interview. The CMSE comprises two theory papers followed by a personality test or interview. Here’s a breakdown of the exam pattern:

Part-I: Written Examination

The written examination comprises two papers:

Paper-I: This paper includes questions from General Medicine and Pediatrics subject. The exam Pattern 2024 for UPSC CMSE Paper-I is mentioned in the below table:

Particulars	Details
Duration	2 hours
Type of Questions	Objective type Questions (MCQs)
Total Marks	250
Total Number of Questions in Paper I	120 (96 questions from General Medicine and 24 from Pediatrics)
Medium of Question Paper	English
Negative Marking	One-third of the marks assigned to a question are deducted for each incorrect answer. If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers is correct and there will be the same penalty as above for that question. If a question is left blank i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question.

 

Paper-II: This paper includes questions from Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Preventive and Social Medicine subjects. The Surgery subject also includes ENT, Ophthalmology, Traumatology, and Orthopaedics subjects. The table below mentions the exam scheme for UPSC CMSE Paper-II 2024:

Particulars	Details
Duration	2 hours
Type of Questions	Objective type Questions (MCQs)
Total Marks	250
Total Number of Questions in Paper II	120 (40 questions from each subject, Surgery, OBGYN, and Community Medicine)
Medium of Question Paper	English
Negative Marking	One-third of the marks assigned to a question are deducted for each incorrect answer. If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers is correct and there will be the same penalty as above for that question. If a question is left blank i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question.

 

Part-II: Interview/Personality Test

After passing the written test, candidates are invited by the Union Public Service Commission for an interview/personality test to determine their fit for the open positions.

The personality test carries 100 marks. The interview is designed to complement the written examination for measuring the general knowledge and academic study skills of the applicants as well as to function as a personality test to evaluate the candidate’s critical thinking skills, absorption capacity, and overall capacity for social cohesiveness, sound judgment, and moral character, initiative, and leadership potential. Basically, it aims to assess the candidate’s personality, communication skills, and suitability for the posts in medical services.

Final Selection

The final selection is done based on the combined marks obtained in Paper-I, Paper-II, and the Interview/Personality test.

Recruitment of a number of candidates is based on the vacancies in the particular position. Succeeding applicants are assigned to different Group-A positions within the public health system. The particular positions and openings change every year.

It’s significant to note that the Paper-I and Paper-II syllabuses contain a broad variety of medical science-related topics. A wide range of medical topics, including clinical disciplines, general knowledge, and current events, are covered in the CMSE curriculum. To score well on the test, candidates must have a solid comprehension of these topics. It is a crucial aspect of a good preparation strategy to know and understand the syllabus of the CMS exam. It leads to effective time management.

UPSC CMS Syllabus 

UPSC CMS Syllabus Paper I:

General Medicine subject includes the following topics:

• Cardiology
• Respiratory diseases
• Gastro-intestinal
• Genito-Urinary
• Neurology
• Hematology
• Endocrinology
• Metabolic disorders
• Infections/Communicable Diseases

1. 1. Virus
   2. Rickets
   3. Bacterial
   4. Spirochetal
   5. Protozoan
   6. Metazoan
   7. Fungus

• Nutrition/Growth
• Diseases of the skin (Dermatology)
• Musculoskeletal System
• Psychiatry
• General
• Emergency Medicine
• Common Poisoning
• Snakebite
• Tropical Medicine
• Critical Care Medicine
• Emphasis on medical procedures
• Patho physiological basis of diseases
• Vaccines-preventable diseases and Non-vaccines preventable diseases
• Vitamin deficiency diseases
• In psychiatry – Depression, psychosis, anxiety, bipolar diseases, and Schizophrenia

Pediatrics subject includes the following topics:

• Common childhood emergencies
• Basic newborn care
• Normal developmental milestones
• Accidents and poisonings in children
• Birth defects and counselling including autism
• Immunization in children
• Recognizing and managing children with special needs
• National programmes related to child health

UPSC CMS Syllabus Paper II:

Surgery subject includes the following topics:

• General Surgery
  • Wounds
  • Infections
  • Tumours
  • Lymphatic
  • Blood vessels
  • Cysts/sinuses
  • Head and neck
  • Breast
  • Alimentary tract

1. 1. Oesophagus
   2. Stomach
   3. Intestines
   4. Anus
   5. Developmental

• • Liver, Bile, Pancreas
  • Spleen
  • Peritoneum
  • Abdominal wall
  • Abdominal injuries

• Urological Surgery
• Neurosurgery
• Otorhinolaryngology/E.N.T.
• Thoracic surgery
• Orthopaedic surgery
• Ophthalmology
• Anaesthesiology
• Traumatology
• Diagnosis and management of common surgical ailments
• Pre-operative and post-operative care of surgical patients
• Medico-legal and ethical issues of surgery
• Wound healing
• Fluid and electrolyte management in surgery
• Shock pathophysiology and management

Obstetrics and Gynecology subject includes the following topics:

• Questions on applied anatomy
• Questions on applied physiology of menstruation and fertilization
• Questions on infections in the genital tract
• Questions on neoplasm in the genital tract
• Questions on displacement of the uterus
• Normal delivery and safe delivery practices
• High-risk pregnancy and management
• Abortions
• Intra Uterine growth retardation
• Medicolegal examination in OBGYN including the rape

Family Planning subject includes the following topics:

• Conventional contraceptives
• D. and oral pills
• Operative procedure, sterilization, and organization of programmes in the urban and rural surroundings
• Medical Termination of Pregnancy

Preventive Social & Community Medicine subject include the following topics:

• Social and Community Medicine
• Concept of Health, Disease and Preventive Medicine
• Health Administration and Planning
• General Epidemiology
• Demography and Health Statistics
• Communicable Diseases
• Environmental Health
• Nutrition and Health
• Non-communicable Diseases
• Occupational Health
• Genetics and Health
• International Health
• Medical Sociology and Health Education
• Maternal and Child Health
• National Programmes
• Management of common health problems
• Ability to monitor national health programmes
• Knowledge of maternal and child wellness
• Ability to recognize, investigate, report, plan, and manage community health problems including malnutrition and emergencies.

You can also enroll in online MBBS courses to get conceptual clarity over MBBS subjects by the top medical faculty of India. You have the opportunity to learn and get your concepts clear in Surgery by Dr. Sriram Bhat M, Microbiology by Dr. Apurba S Sastry, Dr. Sandhya Bhat and Dr. Deepashree R, Medicine by Dr. Archith Boloor, Pathology by Prof Harsh Mohan, Prof Ramadas Nayak, and Dr. Debasis Gochhait, and similarly other MBBS subjects by subject’s eminent faculty. The comprehensive knowledge of MBBS subjects and problem-solving capabilities will directly impact your CMS exam.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. Is UPSC CMS conducted every year?

Ans. Yes, the UPSC CMS exam is conducted every year and the recruitment is based on the number of vacancies for a particular post in various government health organizations.

Q2. What is a career after CMS?

Ans. UPSC CMSE is conducted for the recruitment of the Medical Officers Grade in General Duty Medical Officers Sub-cadre of Central Health Services, Assistant Divisional Medical Officer in the Railways, General Duty Medical Officer in New Delhi Municipal Council, and General Duty Medical Officer Gr-II in Municipal Corporation of Delhi

Q3. Who conducts the CMS exam?

Ans. The CMS exam is a competitive examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) of India.

Q4. What is the pattern of UPSC CMS exam?

Ans. There are two parts of CMSE in which part-I is a written examination and the part-II is an interview. The CMSE comprises two theory papers followed by a personality test or interview.

The Part-I written examination comprises two papers: Paper-I and Paper-II.

The National Medical Commission (NMC) has achieved the coveted World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) Recognition Status for a tenure of 10 years. This is a prestigious achievement for India’s medical education. This esteemed award proves NMC’s steadfast dedication to the highest standards in medical education and accreditation.

The WFME recognition will now enable Indian medical graduates to pursue postgraduate training and practice in other countries that require WFME recognition, such as Australia, USA, Canada, and New Zealand.

The World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) is a global organization dedicated to raising the standard of medical education all over the world. The WFME accreditation programme is crucial in ensuring that medical institutions uphold and adhere to the highest levels of global education and training standards.

Dr. Yogender Malik, Member of the Ethics and Medical Registration Board and Head Media Division at NMC, on this remarkable achievement, said, “WFME’s recognition underscores that the quality of medical education in India adheres to global standards. This accolade empowers our students with the opportunity to pursue their careers anywhere in the world, while also making India an attractive destination for international students due to our globally recognized standards.”

Under this accreditation, all the 706 existing medical colleges in India will be considered WFME accredited, and the new colleges being set up in the coming 10 years will also be considered as WFME accredited. This will also benefit NMC in enhancing the quality and standards of Indian medical education by aligning them with global benchmarks. This will facilitate academic collaborations and promote continuous improvement and innovation in medical education.

Now NMC being WFME accredited has opened the doors for all the medical students for ECFMG and USMLE. All Indian students will become eligible to apply for the Education Commission on Foreign Medical Graduates and United States Medical Licensing Examination.

The National Medical Council, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in a press release dated 20th September 2023 has announced this remarkable update.

Global health comprises the biological and clinical facets of diseases along with the social, economic, political, and environmental determinants of health. The ability to confine health issues inside national borders has diminished as the globe becomes more linked.

The contribution of technology to the medical sector is unparalleled. With the years passing by technology is improving at the highest pace in the medicine sector. Nowadays, the use of AI, and the development of new therapies, drugs, drug development, and surgical procedures, have made complex medical procedures less complex and paved a path to minimally invasive surgeries. Millions of individuals throughout the world are having their lives improved as a result of these developments.

Global health has improved recently despite several obstacles like poverty, pandemics, disease outbreaks, conflicts, and climate change. Maternal and child fatalities have dropped significantly and since the development of new vaccinations, infectious illness spread has also been reduced. Governments and organisations have also boosted their funding for global health concerns and also significantly invested in newer technologies. The current developments in the healthcare industry are beneficial to global health and are an area with significant potential to enhance the health of people all over the world and in the medical field. We can improve the health of people all across the world by addressing the issues and embracing the possibilities.

Medical students and professionals must keep themselves updated and knowledgeable about the recent advancements in healthcare as it is going to impact their career growth to a great extent. To escalate the growth of your medical career, it is mandated to upskill.

The recent advancements in the global healthcare and medicine field are significant for several reasons. By offering more precise diagnoses, earlier illness detection, and more individualised treatment regimens, they have the potential to:

• Improve the quality of care for patients.
• By enabling remote monitoring and care and minimising the need for in-person visits, healthcare may be made more accessible and cheaper.
• Increase the effectiveness of healthcare delivery by simplifying administrative procedures and facilitating information exchange between healthcare professionals.
• Develop novel therapies and preventative measures to lessen the impact of chronic illnesses.
• Boost public health by keeping track of and rapidly and efficiently addressing illness outbreaks.

Below mentioned are technological advancements in medicine and global healthcare:

 

Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare

With the introduction of unprecedented tools for patient care, treatment, and diagnosis, artificial intelligence (AI) is drastically changing the healthcare industry.

For researchers interested in global health, AI-driven health interventions fall into four categories: diagnosis, patient morbidity or mortality risk assessment, disease outbreak prediction and surveillance, and health policy and planning. Machine learning, signal processing, data mining, natural language processing, and other forms of AI are applied in the healthcare sector.

Here are a few current applications of AI in healthcare:

• Diagnosis and treatment: Artificial intelligence (AI) paves the way for the screening of disease and can analyse medical images like X-rays and scans to identify illnesses early and more accurately than humans. AI may be used to create individualised treatment regimens for individuals based on their unique traits and requirements. Other applications of artificial intelligence being used in medicine include Digital chest radiographs, cervical cancer screening, estimating perinatal risk factors, and characterising and predicting the global spread of the Zika virus.
• Drug discovery: Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to search through extensive databases of chemicals and compounds to find possible new medicines. AI may also be used to foresee how pharmaceuticals would react in the body, lowering the possibility of adverse effects.
• Personalised medicine: Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to examine a patient’s genetic information, medical history, and lifestyle choices in order to develop a personalised treatment plan that has the highest chance of success.
• Risk assessment: AI may be used to predict the risk of disease and figure out how likely a patient is to have cancer or heart disease. Patients can utilise this knowledge to guide lifestyle adjustments that will lower their risk.
• Healthcare administration: AI may be used to automate processes like appointment scheduling, patient record management, and claim processing. This might free up medical personnel to concentrate on treating patients.
• Telemedicine: Platforms that employ AI in telemedicine can be used to offer doctor consultations via the Internet. Patients with limited access to healthcare in remote locations may particularly benefit from this.
• Robotics: Surgery, pharmaceutical dispensing, and other medical services can be carried out by AI-powered robots. This might aid in enhancing the effectiveness and precision of healthcare delivery.
• Big data analytics: Using AI, enormous databases of healthcare data may be analysed to spot trends and patterns. The diagnosis and treatment of illnesses can be made better with the use of this knowledge.
• Virtual assistants: AI-driven virtual assistants may be used to set up appointments, answer patients’ inquiries, and offer information about their conditions. The patient experience may be enhanced as a result of this.

The future of AI in healthcare is very promising. The use of AI in healthcare is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. In the years to come, as AI technology advances, it is anticipated to have a more significant influence on the healthcare industry.

 

Advances in Gene Editing Technology

The science of gene editing is expanding quickly. The way we treat illnesses is changing as a result of gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9. These technologies can be used to fix genetic flaws that lead to disease or to add new genes that can offer disease protection.

The following are some of the developments in gene editing technologies that are being investigated for medical applications:

• CRISPR-Cas9: A protein called Cas9 is used by CRISPR-Cas9 to cut DNA at a precise spot. This enables precise gene replacement, deletion, and insertion. The most popular gene editing technology, CRISPR-Cas9, is being researched for a number of uses, including the treatment of HIV, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and hereditary illnesses.

For instance, in cancer patients, CRISPR-Cas9 is being utilised to create novel cancer medicines that can target and eliminate cancer cells. CAR T-cell treatments, a sort of immunotherapy that employs a patient’s immune cells to combat cancer, are being developed by researchers utilising CRISPR-Cas9.

• Base editing: A more recent gene editing technique, base editing allows you to alter specific DNA nucleotides without actually cutting the DNA. Compared to CRISPR-Cas9, this makes it less likely to result in unwanted side effects. For the therapy of conditions including cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, base editing is being researched.
• RNA editing: An approach to gene editing that can target RNA molecules rather than DNA. This can be utilised to treat conditions like certain cancers that are brought on by RNA alterations.
• Gene therapy: Gene therapy is a treatment that involves introducing genes into cells to correct a genetic defect. Numerous illnesses, including cancer, HIV, and hereditary ailments, have been treated by gene therapy.

These are only a handful of the gene editing innovations that are being investigated for medical applications. Technology’s continued advancement will probably have a significant influence on how we manage diseases in the years to come.

 

Development of Precision Medicine

A person’s unique genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment are all taken into consideration when developing a medical treatment plan in precision/personalised medicine. This may result in a more effective and targeted treatment with fewer adverse effects.

Personalising medicine may be done in a variety of ways. Typical strategies include:

• Genetic testing includes examining a person’s DNA to see if there are any mutations or variances that might impact their likelihood of contracting a certain disease or their reaction to a particular medication.
• Biomarkers are quantifiable indications of a biological condition or state. Biomarkers can be used to monitor a patient’s response to therapy or to spot those who are most likely to catch a particular disease.
• Environmental factors, such as pollutant exposure, food, and exercise impact how people respond to therapy as well as the development of many diseases.

Precision medicine is becoming more and more feasible as we understand more about the human genome and the part genetics plays in disease. We can create more effective and focused therapies that may result in improvement by taking into consideration a person’s particular demands.

Here are some examples of current applications of precision medicine:

• High-risk cancer patients are identified via genetic testing, and targeted medicines are created that are more efficient for those who have certain genetic alterations.
• Biomarkers are being utilised to monitor an individual’s risk of developing heart disease and to pinpoint those who will benefit from certain therapies the most.
• Scientists are examining the genetic component of Alzheimer’s disease and creating targeted treatments that might be more efficient for those who carry particular genetic abnormalities.

Some of the challenges and limitations of precision medicine include cost, accuracy, accessibility, and regulation.

Personalised medicine is a promising subject with the potential to enhance millions of people’s lives despite these difficulties. It is anticipated to become more accessible, inexpensive, and accurate as technology advances.

 

Development of Telemedicine and Remote Healthcare 

Telemedicine and remote healthcare allow patients to receive care from a doctor or other healthcare provider without having to travel to a doctor’s office or hospital. This can help with healthcare access, particularly in remote locations. The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred telemedicine and remote healthcare development to a great extent. These services are increasingly enticing to patients and providers alike because of the requirement to maintain social distance and avoid in-person visits to healthcare institutions. There are several advantages to telemedicine and remote medical care, such as better access to healthcare, lower healthcare expenses, increased patient satisfaction, and better patient results.

Remote healthcare services and telemedicine come in a wide variety. The most popular ones are Tele-education, remote patient monitoring, and virtual doctor appointments.

Additionally, there are several drawbacks to telemedicine and remote treatment, such as security and privacy issues, a lack of financing, technical issues, and a shortage of skilled providers.

Despite these impediments, telemedicine and remote healthcare are expanding quickly and playing a bigger role in the healthcare system. These services are expected to become progressively more common and available as technology advances.

Here are some of the future trends in telemedicine and remote healthcare:

• Increasing the use of artificial intelligence (AI): AI may be applied to personalise treatment regimens, increase the precision of diagnoses, and keep track of patient’s health.
• Development of novel telehealth technology: More thorough and individualised treatment will be feasible thanks to new gadgets like wearable sensors and virtual reality headsets.
• Expansion into new areas: Telemedicine and remote healthcare will be utilised to deliver care in new areas, such as managing chronic diseases and mental health.

 

Application of 3D Printing in Healthcare

3D printing in medicine is being used to create customised medical items including prostheses, implants, and surgical guides. This innovation might save expenditures while raising the standard of treatment. A rapidly developing technology, 3D printing has a wide range of potential uses in the healthcare sector. Among the most widespread applications of 3D printing in the medical field, some are mentioned below:

• Producing patient-specific medical devices: 3D printing may be used to produce personalised medical items like implants, prostheses, and surgical guides that are tailored to the anatomy of a single patient. In addition to lowering the risk of problems, this can enhance the device’s fit and functionality.
• Building medical models and educating healthcare professionals: 3D printing may be used to build accurate representations of the human body’s organs, tissues, and tumours. These models can be used to aid in the planning and execution of intricate treatments as well as the education of patients about their conditions. This can assist them in picking up new abilities and methods, as well as in practising approaches in a secure setting.
• Creating novel medications and treatments: Tissue scaffolds for cell culture and intricate drug delivery systems may be made using 3D printing. This can aid in the development of novel treatments and medications by researchers for a number of disorders.
• Customising care: Using 3D printing, it is possible to develop treatments and drugs that are specifically suited to the requirements of a certain patient. This might increase the therapy’s efficacy and security.

Here are some specific examples of how 3D printing is being used in healthcare today:

• A company named Materialise has created a 3D-printed breast implant that is specifically designed for women with tuberous breasts. This type of breast deformity is often difficult to treat with traditional implants, but the 3D-printed implant can provide a more natural and comfortable fit.
• A team of researchers at the University of California, San Diego has developed a 3D-printed surgical guide that can be used to remove brain tumors with greater precision and accuracy.
• A company named Organovo has developed a 3D printer that can be used to create human tissue. This tissue can be used to study diseases, develop new drugs, and create personalized medical implants.

These are some of the numerous uses for 3D printing that are now being made in the medical field. As technology advances, it will probably have a bigger influence on the healthcare sector, enhancing the standard of treatment and enhancing accessibility for all.

The use of blockchain technology to increase the security and effectiveness of healthcare data exchange is one of the significant developments being made in the world of healthcare. Smart technologies, particularly wearable sensors, are being developed to extract therapeutically significant health-related data from physical (body) indicators like heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiration rate, and body motion. The technology has now also come up with immersive virtual and augmented reality training and education in the medical field.

Advancements in technology, increased investment in global health, partnerships, collaborations among the government, organizations, and individuals, and innovations altogether make a significant contribution to addressing the challenges to global health and improving health outcomes. The rapid pace of technical improvement has made these developments feasible. These technologies will have a bigger influence on global healthcare as they advance.

 

The NEET-SS was scheduled for the 9th and 10th of September this year but due to the G20 Summit in New Delhi, the NEET-SS 2023 exam dates have been revised. Now, the revised NEET-SS 2023 exam dates are 29th and 30th September 2023 and it will be conducted at various examination centres across the country.

The NEET-SS 2023 admit card shall now be issued on 22nd September 2023. The NEET-SS 2023 result shall be declared on 15th October 2023.

As per the NBEMS, the revised schedule of NEET-SS 2023 for different groups is as follows:

 

Date of Examination	Group	Shift
29th September 2023	Medical Group	Morning Shift (9 AM to 11:30 AM) Reporting at Test Centre starts at 7 AM; Entry closes at 08:30 AM
29th September 2023	Radiodiagnosis Group Microbiology Group Pathology Group Psychiatry Group Surgical Group Pediatric group Anaesthesiology Group Pharmacology Group	Afternoon Shift (2 PM to 4:30 PM) Reporting at Test Centre starts at 12 PM; Entry closes at 01:30 PM
30th September 2023	ENT Group Respiratory Medicine Group Obstetrics & Gynecology Group	Morning Shift (9 AM to 11:30 AM) Reporting at Test Centre starts at 7 AM; Entry closes at 08:30 AM
30th September 2023	Orthopaedics Group	Afternoon Shift (2 PM to 4:30 PM) Reporting at Test Centre starts at 12 PM; Entry closes at 01:30 PM

 

The revised schedule for admissions to DM/MCh courses shall be notified in consultation with the National Medical Commission and DGHS (MoHFW).

Know the Reliable Last Minute Tips for the NEET-SS 2023 Exam.

NEET-SS is a National Eligibility cum Entrance Test – Super Specialty, conducted by NBEMS. This year the NEET-SS exam is scheduled on 29^th and 30^th September 2023. The NEET SS 2023 admit card release date is 22^nd September 2023. As the exam is just around the corner, it’s the time for final touchdown with the preparation and getting ready to sit and perform well in the exam.

The blog includes reliable last-minute tips, information regarding admit card and test day procedures, and the documents required to carry for your big day.

Some effective last-minute tips for all the NEET-SS candidates:

Review your notes and flashcards. It is highly advised to stick to your handwritten notes to save much of your time and aid in quick memorization. This will help you solidify your understanding of the topic.

Practice previous years’ papers and practice papers. This will assist you in becoming used to the exam’s format and help you pinpoint any areas that require further practice.

Attempt the Demo exam. To become familiar with the format of the computer-based test, a demo test will be made accessible on the website https://natboard.edu.in. Starting on August 25, 2023, applicants will be able to access the Demo test.

Focus on important and high-yield topics. Prioritize time and focus on the important topics to score high in the exam.

Sleep well the night before the test. You’ll be more awake and concentrated on test day as a result.

On the exam day, have a balanced breakfast. This will keep you energetic and focused throughout the exam.

Be on time for the exam. This will offer you some breathing room and mental preparation time before the exam starts.

Stay calm and focused during the exam. Don’t panic if you don’t know the answer to a question. Just skip it and come back to it later.

Before beginning the exam, carefully read the instructions. This will assist you in avoiding casual errors.

Before you submit your exam, double-check your answers. This will assist you in avoiding any mistakes and you’ll not miss any marks for review questions.

Keep your documents ready and your admit card printed before your exam day to avoid any last-minute chaos.

 

Here are some more suggestions to control your stress and anxiety:

While studying, take breaks. Avoid being overly worried or overwhelmed by getting up and moving about every 20 to 30 minutes.

Discuss your feelings or problems with a trusted person. This may be a friend, a member of your family, a teacher, or a counselor.

Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation. You’ll be able to relax and concentrate better as a result.

Keep in mind that anxiety before a test affects everyone. Although feeling anxious is common, try not to let it control you.

Click here to learn about the NEET-SS 2023 exam in detail.

NEET-SS 2023 Admit Card

• The NEET-SS admit card 2023 release date is 22^nd September 2023.
• The admit card will be available on the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences website and may be notified by SMS/Email alerts and website notice. The candidates will not get an admit card by mail or email.
• It must be downloaded from the NBEMS website and get their admit cards printed. Then, firmly paste the most recent passport-size photograph onto the designated spaces on the card m and adhere to the following requirements:
• Minimum 35×45 mm in size (and no bigger than the space designated on the admit card for pasting the photo), with at least 75% of the photo’s surface area devoted to the head and face.
• The image must be colored with a simple white background.
• A neutral look and a complete frontal view of the face must be shown in the photograph. No caps, stethoscopes, goggles, or additional accessories should be worn.
• The face in the photo shouldn’t have any reflections or shadows on it.
• The photo needs to be printed on high-quality paper with a resolution of at least 600 dpi, and it can’t contain kinks, scratches, or stains.

NEET-SS 2023 Test Day Procedures

• There will be staggered entry as per time slots given in the admit cards and the entry will be done in batches accordingly. Reach the “Reporting Counter” at the exam location at the time specified on the admit card.
• As there are staggered time slots to report, there won’t be a queue at the exam location entrance. Candidates must arrive at the exam site within the time window that will be communicated to them by SMS on their registered telephone number, one day before the exam. The reporting counter will close 30 minutes before the exam starts time. This will give enough time for security checks, identity checks, and examination check-in.
• The admit card mentions the exact street address and location of the test facilities. It is advised to become familiar with the locations of the test centres at least one day before the exam day and make sure to report on time. Please be aware that only candidates who have been granted an admit card will be permitted access to the test centre premises.
• There will be a barcode/QR code reader at the entry gates of the exam centre. It is required to present the admit card and ID proof to the exam functionary who is positioned across with a barcode/QR code reader for verification. The candidates will be made aware of the lab number issued to them.

Things to Carry in the Examination Hall

Printed copy of Barcoded/QR Coded Admit card with the photograph affixed on it.

Photocopy of Permanent SMC/MCI/NMC registration, to be retained by the test centre.

Any one of the following original and valid/non-expired Govt issued photo IDs:

• PAN Card
• Driving License
• Voter ID
• Passport
• Aadhaar Card (with Photograph)

If you want to show an e-Aadhaar card with the Aadhaar number written on it as identity proof, the e-Aadhaar card has to be a high-quality color printout with the photo visible. The picture must be clear and match the candidate presenting the e-Aadhaar Card without any wrinkles, stains, or scratches. In this case, the NBEMS’ decision is definitive.

It is required that the name on the photo identification and the name on the admit card must correspond. It is mandated to present the appropriate paperwork (Marriage Certificate/Divorcee Decree/Legal Name Change paperwork/Gazette notification for name change) to support a claim for change of name if the name has changed as a result of marriage or other circumstances.

I hope these pointers will help you in your NEET SS test preparation. Good fortune!

The Chapter 2 of the NMC Update describes the broad outline of the National Exit Exam, including general features of steps 1 and 2, NExT scores, nature of scores, minimum passing score, etc.

General Features of the NExT Exam

The NExT Exam shall comprise two separate exams referred to as “Steps”.

Step 1: Theoretical Examination

Step 2: Practical/Clinical and Viva Voce Examination

 

NExT Step 1

1.NExT Step 1 shall be a theoretical and Computer-based/Online examination.

2. It shall comprise one or more types of multiple-choice questions.

3. This shall be a Centralized Common All India Examination that will be held by a body designated by the commission as the conducting authority.

4. The examination shall include six papers covering topics from both Part 1 and 2 of the III MBBS/Final MBBS programme:

• Medicine and allied disciplines
• Surgery and allied disciplines
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Ophthalmology

(Applied aspects of all subjects covered under I MBBS and II MBBS and Applied aspects of all subjects covered under III MBBS/Final MBBS Part l)

5. Students who have completed their III MBBS/Final MBBS course from a recognized medical college shall be eligible to appear for the examination.

6. NExT Step 1 Examination shall be held twice a year in the months of May and November tentatively.

7. There shall be no restriction on the number of attempts to participate in NExT Step 1 provided that the candidate has completed both the NExT Step 1 and NExT Step 2 exams within ten years of enrolling in the MBBS Course.

8. There is no cap on the number of times for attempting the NExT Step 1 Regular Examination to improve your score but you can only go for the improvement after completing your NExT Step 2.

9. The III MBBS/Final MBBS Part 1 and III MBBS/Final MBBS Part II Practical/clinical examinations will continue to be held conventionally unless otherwise stated by the Commission and the NExT Step 1 will replace the traditional university/institutional Theory Examinations of the III MBBS/Final MBBS Part II.

 

NExT Step 2

1. The NExT Step 2 shall be a Practical/Clinical and viva voce examination comprising seven clinical subjects/disciplines:

• Medicine and allied disciplines
• Surgery and allied disciplines
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Pediatrics
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Ophthalmology
• Orthopaedics and PMR (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

2. The exam shall be objectively structured, clinical case-based, and use simulated cases and patients to evaluate practical and clinical skills as well as clinical decision-making and communication abilities expected of an Indian medical graduate.

3. The exam must be taken in person or live, and it must be administered by the relevant state health universities or institutions in accordance with the norms and directives given by the Commission. The Commission will choose the university or institution that is permitted to conduct NExT Step 2 for the relevant colleges where there are no state health universities.

4. The Regular NExT Step 2 Exam shall be held twice a year.

5. A NExT Step 2 Supplementary Examination is only open to candidates who have failed in one or more (up to three) of the seven subjects and are required to repeat specific subjects. It will be held twice a year. If a candidate fails in more than three subjects, then they will have to appear in supplementary exams of all the seven subjects.

7. As long as the candidate has completed both the NExT Step 1 and NExT Step 2 Examinations within ten years of enrolling in the MBBS programme, there is no restriction on the number of attempts to participate in NExT Step 2.

NExT Scores

1. Nature of Scoring

1. The marks in NExT Step 1 must be calculated as a whole number, which will serve as the Raw Scores with the proper decimals. Also, equivalent Percentages (marks out of a maximum of 100) with the proper decimals may then be calculated.
2. The outcomes of the NExT 2 exams will only be reported as Pass/Fail depending on the acquisition of the relevant competence that is being evaluated.

2. Minimum scores for passing

1. The minimum score to pass shall be 50% of the total or half of the maximum possible Raw for NExT Step 1.
2. To pass the NExT Step 1 exam, you must receive a minimum of 50% (50 out of 100) in each of the six papers or half of the maximum possible Raw Scores.
3. The requirements for passing NExT Step 2 include a successful demonstration of having acquired the competencies that are evaluated, with a pass/fail result being given.

3. Calculation of NExT Step 1 scores for determining merit for the purpose of admission to Postgraduate courses in broad specialties

1. The sum of the raw scores earned in each paper or topic in a single NExT 1 exam will be used to calculate the Total Marks for determining the merit, particularly for admission to broad specialization Postgraduate Courses.
2. The candidate must follow the generation of a rank application process as stipulated by the Commission from time to time in order to determine rank for admission into Postgraduate courses in broad specializations in a given academic year. Only individuals who have submitted an application for rank generation will be eligible for admission for that cycle of the academic year.
3. The NExT Step results will be valid for five years in order to determine merit, notably for admission to broad-specialty postgraduate courses. If a candidate has appeared in the NExT exam cycle then the score of the latest given NExT step 1 exam will be considered.
4. Tie-breaker rule for rank generation:

• • Normalized sum of raw scores obtained in each paper in NExT step 1 although the method of normalization will be notified later.
  • Candidate with the lower attempts in NExT step 1 will be placed higher in the merit list.
  • Candidates will be given higher rank based on the higher marks in the following order of preference:

1. 1. 1. Medicine and allied disciplines
      2. Surgery and allied disciplines
      3. Obstetrics and Gynecology
      4. Pediatrics
      5. Otorhinolaryngology
      6. Ophthalmology

4. Utility of NExT Scores

1. An MBBS student from a college recognized by the Commission shall be eligible for compulsory internship only if they pass in each of the six theory papers of NExT Part 1 and also pass in III MBBS/Final MBBS (Part 2) Practical/Clinical Examination.
2. A medical student who has completed their undergraduate studies abroad at an institution recognized by the Commission and who has met the necessary requirements outlined in the Commission’s Foreign Medical Graduate Regulations is eligible to participate in the mandatory rotating internship programme only if they pass in all six NExT Step 1 Theory Papers.
3. A medical graduate who received their training in India or outside of India will be entitled to register in the Indian Medical Register and State Medical Register and obtain a license to practice modern medicine in India, only if, they have completed the internship for the appropriate length of time and have successfully passed the NExT Step 2 (Practical / Clinical) Examination. You must fulfill all the requirements as per the Registration of Medical Practitioners and Licence to practice Medicine Regulations, of NMC. Also, all the other requirements are considered appropriate by the Commission, Concerned University/Institution and duly applicable at that time.
4. For admission to PG medical courses in broad specialty subjects, a candidate must meet the following criteria:
   • Candidates must meet the conditions outlined for NExT Part 1 and 2, making them eligible for a license to practice modern medicine in India.
   • Must engage in common counselling by a designated authority granted by the Central Government or Commission.
5. The NExT Step I Scores may be used by the Government of India, the State Governments, any organization of the Government of India, the State Governments, or any autonomous or private body/institution for the purpose of employment, provided that the necessary authorization has been sought and authorized by the National Medical Commission or other appropriate authorities as determined to be appropriate.

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 1 (Preliminary)

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 3 (General Information)

The NExT Exam latest news includes Chapter 1 (Preliminary) and Chapter 2 (Broad Outline) and Chapter 3 (General Information).

The core objective of the NExT exam is to provide consistency in summative evaluations conducted across the nation in relation to the minimal requirements for a medical graduate’s education and training.

The National Exit Test (NExT), shall serve as a licentiate examination for validating a medical graduate’s eligibility to register for practice the contemporary system of medicine in India.

NExT will also act as an entrance exam for admission to PG medical education in broad medical specialties by determining the eligibility and ranking of the MBBS students.

 

The National Exit Exam shall be applicable to:

1. All undergraduate medical students seeking the MBBS degree at all medical colleges that have been accredited by the National Medical Commission along with Institutes of National Importance (INIs) are subject to the National Exit Test (NExT).
2. All foreign medical graduates who have been granted approval by the NMC for the purposes of obtaining a license to practice medicine as a registered medical practitioner in India and for enrollment in the State Register or the National Register in such a manner as may be specified by regulations.
3. Anyone with a medical degree aiming to pursue an academic course, an observership, or any other purpose that may be specified and allowed by the NMC by appropriate notification or rules from time to time.
4. Anyone with the granted medical license practicing in India wishes to pursue PG degree can take the NExT exam.

 

According to the draft released, the NExT comprises two separate examinations, referred to as “Steps”.

Step 1: Theoretical Examination
Step 2: Practical/Clinical and Viva Voce Examination

 

The Commission shall from time to time determine, by appropriate regulations and/or notification, the applicable method of employing the NExT results for admission to Postgraduate Courses in wide medical specialties by means of common counselling by the designated authority.

There is no confirmation yet on the academic session to which the NExT exam will be applicable but when it will come into force, all other corresponding and equivalent examinations shall be phased/ceased out.

It is still to be decided by the Commission Central Government, State Government, that the existing examinations, however, shall continue for as long as may be necessary or the analogous existing exams will be replaced by the NExT. The Commission will decide when it is necessary and will notify the use of scores and normalization of various examinations and the NExT, when applicable concurrently, for such purposes as may be appropriate.

Chapters 2 and 3 of the update include the complete structure of the NExT Examination, objectives, exam pattern, eligibility, distribution of subjects, nature of scoring, timetables, and more.

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 2 (Broad Outline)

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 3 (General Information)

Obstetrics and gynecology is among the vast medical PG specialties. In order to thoroughly cover all the topics, you must read from standard books and top-notch resources. A student may refer to textbooks, handbooks, practical or bedside medical books,  and additional material, depending on the requirement.

List of PG OBGYN Books for PG Students and Residents

1. FOGSI’s Postgraduate Obstetrics: A Textbook (Volume 1) and FOGSI’s Postgraduate Gynecology: A Textbook (Volume 2)

• FOGSI’s Postgraduate Obstetrics Textbook and FOGSI’s Postgraduate Gynecology Textbook by Alpesh Gandhi, Parikshit Tank, and Ameya Purandare have found an indispensable place in the shelves of the OBGYN postgraduates and residents.
• In the latest edition, a thorough examination of the topic is given with appropriate consideration to its subspecialties, which include fetal medicine, endoscopy, reproductive treatment, urogynecology, and cancer.
• The book has ample illustrations of the topic, including key statements, diagrams, pictures, and tables.
• To aid with self-evaluation and test preparation, each chapter includes multiple choice along with short and long questions.

2. Williams Obstetrics

• Williams Obstetrics by Barbara Hoffman, Brian Casey, Catherine Spong, F. Gary Cunningham, Jodi Dashe, and Kenneth Leveno is among the most preferred book for obstetrics by medical students.
• The chapters in the book include Overview, Maternal Anatomy and Physiology, Placentation, Embryogenesis, and Fetal Development, Preconceptional and Prenatal Care, First and Second-Trimester Pregnancy Loss, The Fetal Patient, Labor, Delivery, The Newborn, The Puerperium, Obstetrical Complications, and Medical and Surgical Complications.
• Additionally, the book includes basic information on the anatomy, physiology, and prenatal care of the reproductive system.
• The latest edition of the book has been improved by the authors with more than 1,000 full-color images having a stronger focus on the rapidly expanding specialization of maternal-fetal medicine.
• This indispensable clinical companion puts successful outcomes within grasp with its cutting-edge design and examination of the most recent developments and protocols.
• The updated content includes topics such as maternal-fetal medicine, greater awareness of hypertension and bleeding, a deeper understanding of fetal difficulties, modern fetal imaging, genetics, prenatal diagnostics, and fetal diseases.
• The latest edition of the book contains more obstetrical sonography figures, and eye-catching illustrations, including sonograms, MRIs, graphs, and photomicrographs.

3. Williams Gynecology

• Williams Gynecology by F. Gary Cunningham, Kenneth J. Leveno, Jodi S. Dashe, Barbara L. Hoffman, Catherine Y. Spong, and Brian M. Casey is the only text that combines both a medical reference and surgical procedures atlas into one volume.
• The most recent information regarding topics including minimally invasive surgery, benign gynecology, and the subspecialties of urogynecology, gynecologic cancer, and reproductive endocrinology is brought together in this well-illustrated manual.
• Williams Gynecology offers thorough coverage of the full range of gynecologic healthcare and disease management, including benign general gynecology; reproductive endocrinology, infertility, and menopause; female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery; and gynecologic oncology.
• It contains 1,200 photos and illustrations, including 450 full-color figures depicting operative techniques.
• The section on ‘Aspects of Gynecologic Surgery and Atlas of Gynecologic Surgery’ contains procedures for reconstructing the female pelvis, minimally invasive surgery, and procedures for gynecologic cancers.

4. DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics (Including Perinatology & Contraception)

• DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics by Hiralal Konar is a highly preferred textbook for OBGYN students and residents as well as for general practitioners.
  The latest edition of the book is crisp and is written lucidly.
• The text in the book is supplemented with 790 line drawings, illustrations, photographs, boxes, tables, flowcharts, MR images, ultrasonograms, and skiagrams.
• The chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated including Ch. 13 Normal Labor, Ch. 39 Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring, Ch. 31,32,33 on Perinatal Care, and Ch. 34 Analgesia & Anesthesia in Obstetrics.
• The book features the key points for revision and better memorization.
• Must-know topics are highlighted in the chapters and evidence-based knowledge is focussed.
• One of the key features of the book includes the guidelines and recommendations of professional organizations like ROCG, WHO, NICE, FOGSI, and more.
  For ease of navigation, a list of the most used acronyms has been supplied.
• Additional features include The Kernel and the Beyond Series. The book material is organized to provide a topic-to-topic comprehension from the perspective of the exams.
• The supplementary reading material for advanced learning is highlighted by the QR codes. This strategy aims to support and get medical students ready for their exams.

5. DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology

• DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology by Hiralal Konar is an indispensable resource for medical students, residents, and general practitioners.
• The book’s user-friendly layout and thoroughness make it a great resource.
• This book’s presentation, which includes high-quality graphics and design, voluminous illustrations (366), excellent pictures (330), and imaging studies, is what makes it stand out.
• There are several tables, boxes, flowcharts, and algorithms included for repeatability and simplicity of study. The main points are listed after each chapter to give a summary of the entire chapter. This is helpful for a quick and simple review.
• The book’s presentation, which is straightforward, transparent, clear, and succinct, represents the state-of-the-art.
• The latest edition of the book is thoroughly revised and updated to provide the most recent information on subjects including minimally invasive surgery, reproductive endocrinology, urogynecology, and gynecologic oncology.

6. Bedside Clinics in Gynecology

• The book Bedside Clinics in Gynecology by Arup Kumar Majhi is highly recommended for undergraduate, and postgraduate medical students and residents.
• New subjects have been added, and chapters have been updated and edited.
• The topics covered in this book include history-taking and examinations, clinical cases, instruments, operations, specimens, and imaging, research questions, an examination of a rape victim, and STDs and pelvic inflammatory disease.
• The book is enriched with 330 graphics and over 845 unique pictures.
• The majority of the chapters have been updated while maintaining the same format, and several newer ones have been introduced, including changes to cancer staging, management, Mullerian anomaly classifications, and many more.

7. Case Discussions in Obstetrics & Gynecology

• The Case Discussions in Obstetrics & Gynecology by YM Mala, Madhavi M Gupta, and Asmita M Rathore covers all the practical aspects of OBGYN through case discussions.
• The latest edition of the book has incorporated 14 new chapters along with thorough revision and updates in the other chapters.
• The book caters to the learning requirements for all the courses and examinations may it MBBS/MD/MS/DGO/DNB.
• Almost all typical obstetric and gynecological practical cases are included.
• The book contains viva questions that are often or regularly asked during case discussions for practical exams. Different scenarios have been developed to accommodate a wide range of questions, even within the same topic or case.

8. Tips and Tricks in Operative Obstetrics & Gynecology

• Tips and Tricks in Operative Obstetrics & Gynecology by Richa Saxena is highly beneficial to postgraduate students, trainee gynecologists, and obstetric and gynecologic consultants and practitioners.
• The book contains concise facts regarding different obstetrics and gynecological procedures.
• The information in this book helps obstetricians and gynecologists quickly understand the fundamentals of the numerous obstetric and gynecological operations.
• The latest edition explains the recent advances in the surgical aspects of gynecology.
• Each chapter comprises a unique style containing different headings, such as introduction, indications, pre and post-operative care, surgical steps, etc.

9. Ian Donald’s Practical Obstetric Problems

• Ian Donald’s Practical Obstetric Problems by Renu Misra is a must-have book for PG OBGYN students and practicing gynecologists.
• With an emphasis on useful advice and recommendations for handling both common and urgent situations, each chapter has been updated to give the latest recent diagnosis and management guidelines.
• The latest edition comprises recent advances in prenatal diagnosis, updated guidelines on managing thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, HIV during pregnancy, premalignant and malignant diseases associated with pregnancy, revised labor curves, postpartum haemorrhage, and more.
• It also includes an updated appendix on drugs and vaccination during pregnancy and lactation and covers COVID-19’s effect on mothers and newborns.

10. Jeffcoate’s Principles of Gynecology

• The Indian Edition of Jeffcoate’s Principles of Gynecology by Narendra Malhotra, Jaideep Malhotra, Richa Saxena, and Neharika Malhotra Bora is considered the ‘Bible for Gynecologists’.
• It is among the most preferred OBGYN books for PG students, residents, surgeons, practitioners, and OBGYN consultants.
• With the most recent guidelines and developments in this subject in mind, new chapters, illustrations, images, and conversations have been included in this updated edition.
• New topics Adenomyosis, assisted reproductive technology, urinary tract infection, contraception, precocious and delayed puberty, pregnancy of unknown site, female genital mutilation, genetics in gynecology, and single incision laparoendoscopic surgery, etc. have been included in the latest edition.
• The author has maintained Prof. Norman Jeffcoate’s narrative approach while updating each chapter to reflect the most recent evidence.

Click here to get conceptual clarity on the OBGYN MD topics.

In the world of medicine, gynecology is one of the most demanding specialties. A gynecologist focuses on female reproductive health and deals with research pertaining to women’s health. It primarily addresses the condition of the breasts and the female reproductive organs (vagina, uterus, and ovaries). They are medical professionals who diagnose and treat gynecological problems and provide patients with guidance on contraception and reproductive issues. Gynecology (female health), obstetrics (pregnancy & delivery), and reproductive medicine are the specialties in which a gynecologist must be proficient. Gynecology refers to diagnosing, treating, and preventing infections and disorders of women’s reproductive organs, whereas obstetrics refers to a specialty in maternity care.

Steps for becoming a Gynecologist

1. You must have completed your senior secondary school from an accredited board and earned a minimum of 50% in each of the four major subjects—Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English in order to become eligible for the NEET-UG entrance examination.
2. To pursue a career goal in the medical field, you must work hard and prepare for the NEET-UG entrance examination. National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test for Undergraduates (NEET-UG) is a single window entrance exam for admission to MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BUMS, BHMS, and other undergraduate medical programmes at approved/recognized Medical/Dental/AYUSH and other Colleges/Deemed Universities/Institutes (AIIMS & JIPMER) in India. After cracking the NEET-UG exam with the required score, attend the counselling process to get admitted to a medical college for an MBBS programme, which is a prime requirement for becoming a gynecologist.
3. After getting admission into a medical college, complete your MBBS degree with one year rotational internship. You should pay special attention to the practical sessions, ward postings, seminars, conferences, etc. during your graduation since they establish a strong foundation for your medical career path. During your MBBS, you will be able to identify the area of interest in which you desire to pursue a postgraduate degree. You can enroll in the obstetrics and gynecology online course to get conceptual clarity over the subject and prepare for the PG entrance examinations.
4. To get admission in the medical PG courses, you are required to crack the NEET PG or INI-CET entrance examination. NEET-PG is a national-level entrance examination for admission to MS/MD/PG Diploma programmes at various government and private universities and INI-CET is a national-level entrance examination for admission to MS/MD/DM (6 years)/MCh (6 years) and MDS courses at the INI Institutes, which includes AIIMS, JIPMER, etc.
5. After cracking the NEET-PG exam with the required score, choose MD/MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology specialization at the time of counselling. During your three-year master’s programme, you must complete your PG dissertation and junior residency. A PG curriculum also includes conferences, symposiums, seminars, audits, clinical postings, clinical meetings, etc.
6. After finishing your residency programme, get your medical certification and obtain your license to practice as an OBGYN specialist.
7. You can also pursue a DM, DrNB, MCh, or DNB course. The admission to a range of DM/MCh and DrNB Super Specialty programmes is done on the basis of the marks and rank secured in the NEET-SS entrance examination. Medical professionals can also enroll in the online advanced gynecology courses on ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN made easy’ and ‘Basics of Infertility and IUI made easy’ to upskill their knowledge and practical skills in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Courses to pursue a Career in Gynecology 

OBGYN in MBBS

To pursue a career in OBGYN, firstly you will have to complete the MBBS degree. The OBGYN subject is included in the MBBS curriculum and the syllabus includes

• Demographic and Vital Statistics
• Anatomy of the female reproductive tract
• Physiology of conception
• Development of the fetus and the placenta
• Preconception counselling
• Diagnosis of pregnancy
• Maternal Changes in pregnancy
• Antenatal Care
• Complications in early pregnancy
• Antepartum haemorrhage
• Multiple pregnancies
• Medical Disorders in Pregnancy
• Labour
• Maternal Pelvis
• Operative obstetrics
• Complications of the third stage
• Lactation
• Care of the newborn
• Normal and abnormal puerperium
• Medical termination of pregnancy
• Contraception
• Vaginal discharge
• Menopause
• Uterine prolapse
• Benign and malignant diseases of the uterus
• Cervix and the ovaries, Normal and abnormal puberty
• Abnormal uterine bleeding
• Amenorrhea
• Genital injuries and fistulae
• Genital infections, Infertility
• Uterine fibroids
• PCOS and hirsutism
• Obstetrics & Gynecological skills

The curriculum also involves clinical ward postings, seminars, conferences, etc.

PG Courses in OBGYN specialty

After completing graduation, you must pursue a three-year postgraduate (MD/MS) degree in OBGYN. The syllabus of the PG in OBGYN includes topics on Basic Sciences, Markers in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Genetics, Antenatal Care, Intrapartum care, Post-Partum, Operative Obstetrics, Newborn, Clinical Gynecology and Fertility Regulation, Operative Gynecology, Family Welfare, and Demography, and Male and Female Infertility.

The PG curriculum also includes training and postings in OBGYN wards as well as in allied fields such as Neonatology, Anaesthesia, Radiology/Radiotherapy, Surgery, and Oncology.

Besides training and patient care in OPDs and wards, a PG resident also carry out minor operations under supervision and assists in major operations as a part of the second and third term. Then, in the fourth, fifth, and sixth term, you are required to perform independent duties in managing patients and major operations under the supervision of the teaching faculty.

A PG student can enroll in postgraduate courses in obstetrics and gynecology to cater to all their learning requirements. OBGYN MD is an online course crafted by the renowned practitioner and author, Dr. Aswath Kumar along with the 98 eminent faculties. Besides video lectures, notes, and self-assessment questions, there is a focus on getting the right clinical findings and taking the case history. The display of minimally invasive surgeries like hysteroscopy and diagnostic/operative laparoscopy has its own area in the course module. The in-video display of the numerous procedures being carried out will take the learnings of a medical professional to a completely new dimension.

DM Courses in OBGYN

You can pursue DM in Medical Genetics. The goal of the DM in Medical Genetics course is to create a qualified Medical Geneticist who can evaluate a patient with a potential genetic disorder, determine the likelihood of a genetic disorder, make a clinical diagnosis, be able to choose the best test to confirm the diagnosis and offer the most advanced form of treatment.

The Competency-based training for DM in Medical Genetics includes clinical evaluation, research, genetic workup requiring pre-and post-test counselling, updated knowledge and interpersonal skills to apply innovative therapies, knowledge, and abilities to develop and execute population-based preventative programmes. Also, the Geneticist must be prepared to conduct customized medicine in clinical settings in the molecular medicine era of the twenty-first century.

Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology

You have an option to pursue a 2-year Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology course. There are three papers in this course:

Paper I: Basic sciences related to Obstetrics and Gynaecology and recent advances

Paper II: Obstetrics including social obstetrics and diseases of newborn

Paper III: Gynaecology including fertility regulation

A medical student pursuing a Diploma in OBGYN undergoes training sessions, which include Out-patient Departments and special clinics, Inpatients, Operation Theatre, Labor Room, Writing clinical notes regularly, and maintaining records. The curriculum includes patient care in OPD, wards, casualty, and labor room, carrying minor procedures under supervision and assisting in major operations in the first and second term, and independent duties in patient management in the third and fourth term.

MCh courses in OBGYN specialty

1. MCh in Gynecological Oncology

A subspecialist in gynecological oncology is someone who has completed formal training in the field and has developed specialized knowledge in gynecological oncology as well as broad-based knowledge in related fields like medical oncology, radiation oncology, gynaecological pathology, and palliative care for patients with gynecological cancers. The MCh in Gynecological Oncology course is of 3-year duration.

The course content includes:

• Diagnostic techniques and staging of gynecological cancers
• Surgery for gynaecological cancers
• Principles of radiation therapy for gynaecological malignancies
• Chemotherapy targeted therapy and Immuno-therapy for gynaecological cancers
• Palliative care for advanced and recurrent cancers
• Pathology of common gynaecological cancers
• Research methodology for clinical trials and statistics
• Writing original papers in reputed national & International scientific journals
• Knowledge related to epidemiology and preventive oncology as applied to Gynaecological Oncology

2. MCh in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery

The course’s goal is to provide the medical professional with specialized knowledge in all facets of reproductive medicine and surgery as well as training in the clinical, technical, diagnostic, medical, surgical, and technological management of infertility, all of which can help people get pregnant when they’re ready. This training is designed to support gynecologists who want to provide daily care to the nation’s growing infertile population.

The course content includes:

• Basic Sciences Relating to Reproductive Medicine and Surgery
• Principles of Reproductive Medicine and Laboratory Techniques
• Fertility associated Medical and Surgical Diseases, Genetics, Counselling, Ethical and Legal issues related to ART
• Recent Advances in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery

DNB broad specialty

1. To pursue a career in OBGYN, you can pursue a 3-year DNB broad specialty course in the Maternal and Child Health discipline. Admission to this 3-year Post Diploma DNB course is done through the NEET-PG entrance examination.
2. You also have an option of pursuing a 2-year Post MBBS DNB course in OBGYN. Admission to a list of broad specialties in which NBEMS offers a 2-year Post Diploma DNB course is done through DNB-PDCET. The objective of a DNB programme in Obstetrics and gynecology is to make the students gain complete knowledge in Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology connected to the reproductive system. Graduates will be capable of managing all normal and pathological stages and performing productively members of a team involved in teaching, research, and healthcare. The course curriculum includes the theoretical part, practical training, case presentations, seminars, Journal club, clinical audits, poster and oral presentations, and more. A medical professional gains expertise in diagnostic techniques including anesthetic procedures, and preoperative and post-operative care, and emergency situations.

The complete course syllabus of the above-mentioned courses is available on the NMC official website.

Top Medical Colleges in India:

1. AIIMS, Delhi, and other AIIMS
2. PGIMER, Chandigarh
3. Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi
4. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry
5. Christian Medical College, Vellore
6. Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi
7. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram
8. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
9. Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai
10. DY Patil Medical College Pune
11. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore
12. SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kancheepuram
13. King George’s Medical University, Lucknow
14. Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi
15. Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi

Skills required for becoming a Gynecologist

OB-GYNs require a blend of interpersonal and technical abilities. they must be subject-matter specialists as well as effective, sympathetic communicators. The gynecologist has a strong hand in Biopsy, Mammograms, STD Testing, Ultrasounds, Pap smears, Colposcopies, cancer screening, and more. Other essential knowledge and credentials for OB-GYNs include:

• Active listener
• capacity to design individualized treatment strategies
• skilled in using all the required medical equipment
• capacity to deliver precise and efficient treatment even under stress
• strict hand-eye coordination
• excellent vision and visuospatial awareness
• outstanding diagnostic and decision-making skills
• emotional fortitude, a placid demeanor, and the capacity to function successfully under pressure
• physical endurance and manual dexterity to meet the requirements of surgery and emergency situations
• Social Perceptiveness

Responsibilities of a Gynecologist

The prime task of gynecologists on a regular basis includes examining the patients, and prescribing medications and other specialized medical care to treat or prevent illness, disease, or injury. Further, explaining the treatment procedures to the patient and family members, monitoring patients’ condition and progress, and re-evaluating the treatment as necessary also comes under the responsibility of a skilled gynecologist.

The responsibilities of a highly skilled OBGYN specialist:

• Provide the community with high-quality treatment for the diagnosis and treatment of the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal phases of healthy and unhealthy pregnancies and labour.
• Offer efficient and sufficient care to pregnant women and newborns.
• Able to perform obstetrical ultrasonography and other diagnostic techniques, including Doppler.
• Able to handle and quickly respond to all obstetrical and gynecological crises and make the proper recommendations.
• Carry out a thorough assessment of the infertile pair and have a wide-ranging understanding of assisted reproductive technologies, such as ovulation induction, gamete donation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, and the ethical and legal ramifications of these procedures.
• Offer guidance and administration of reproductive control techniques, including reversible as well as irreversible contraception, permanent contraception, etc.
• Offer women who are experiencing spontaneous abortions or who are requesting medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) and high-quality treatment and handle any difficulties that may arise.
• Control and organize the work of medical professionals such as nurses, students, assistants, specialists, therapists, and others.
• For preventing injuries and treating illnesses, hospitals, corporations, or communities plan, execute or oversee health programmes.

Career Prospects and Scope of Gynecology

The programme is undoubtedly well-regarded, career-focused, and rewarding. Obstetrics and gynecology is a profession that is always in demand in the medical sciences. This course is the best choice if you wish to work in the medical profession that deals with reproductive life. GYN/OBG provides you with a variety of employment options, rewarding compensation, additional benefits, and respectable professions both inside and outside of India. This opens up opportunities for a wide range of careers including,

• General Practitioners
• Gynecologist
• Lecturer
• Senior Medicine Consultant
• Clinical Associate
• Family Planning Consultant
• Gynecologic-oncology specialist
• Reproductive endocrinology
• Critical care specialist
• Clinical trial expert
• Reproductive Medicine Specialist
• Reproductive endocrinologists
• Senior Residents
• Researchers

Gynecologists have the option to work as private practitioners, government doctors, and private clinicians. They can also work as a gynecologist/OBGYN specialist in Nursing Homes, Private Clinics, Defense Hospitals, IVF fertility centres, and Community Health Centres. The OBGYN might also pursue research and further education in universities and research institutes.

Salary of a Gynecologist

Gynecology is a highly lucrative and demanding career in the medical field. The median salary of a gynecologist depends on a variety of factors, such as geographical area, government or private sector, experience, and specialty. A gynecologist/OBGYN specialist can earn about 10-12 lakhs per annum at the start of their career. However, the pay scale keeps on increasing with the increasing qualification and experience. However, doctors performing surgeries earn comparatively more than consultants and physicians. An academic profile also leads to a lucrative career.

Click here to read about the MRCOG membership examination.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. How many years does it take to become a Gynaecologist?

Ans. It takes approximately 8-9 years to become a gynecologist. The MBBS is of 5.5 years, then PG(MD/MS in OBGYN) is of 3 years and further, it depends on the OBGYN specialty and course you want to pursue.

Q2. Where do gynecologists get paid the most?

Ans. The salary of a gynecologist depends on a variety of factors, such as geographical area, government or private sector, experience, and specialty. Although skilled and experienced gynecologists are paid the most in the private sector. However, doctors performing surgeries earn comparatively more than consultants and physicians.

Q3. What are the career prospects for a gynecologist?

Ans. Gynecologists have an option of working in Government and Private sectors, Nursing Homes, Private Clinics, Defense Hospitals, IVF fertility centres, and Community Health Centres. There are a variety of job profiles, such as General Practitioners, gynecologists, lecturers, Gynecologist-oncology specialists, Reproductive Medicine specialists, Senior Residents, and Researchers.

Q4. Is gynecology a good career?

Ans. Yes, Gynecology is a highly lucrative and demanding career in the medical field. A career in OBGYN provides a medical aspirant with a variety of employment options, rewarding compensation, additional benefits, and respectable professions both inside and outside of India.

Click here to get conceptual clarity in the MBBS subjects.

 

 

 

INI-CET is a combined national-level entrance examination for admission to the medical postgraduate courses – MD, MS, DM (6 yrs), MCh (6 yrs), and MDS at INI institutes (Institute of National Importance). The INI-CET January session 2023 exam is around the corner. Getting admission to INI institutes is highly challenging and a dream for MBBS students. This is a highly competitive task to secure a seat in the renowned medical colleges in India.

Remember, Perseverance is the key.

The INI-CET exam is going to be held on 13^th Nov 2022 for admission to the AIIMS INI-CET January session 2023.

Mode and Scheme of INI-CET January 2023 exam

Particulars	Description
Mode of Examination	Computer-based test (CBT)
Duration	3 hours (180 minutes)
Number of questions	200
Types of questions	Objective type
Marking Scheme	+1 mark for every correct response and -1/3 for every incorrect response

 

Important things to know:

• If more than one candidate scores the same, then this tie-breaker situation is resolved by applying the following criteria sequentially:

1. 1. Less negative marks
   2. Older by age

• Candidates equal to 8 (eight) times the number of postgraduate seats available in each category will be called for the first and second rounds of seat distribution based on the INI-CET merit list.
• Spot Round Counseling will only be conducted if the seats will remain vacant even after the open round counseling.

List of Participating Institutes for INI-CET January 2023 Session

S. No.	Name
1	AIIMS, New Delhi
2	AIIMS, Bhopal
3	AIIMS, Bhubaneswar
4	AIIMS, Jodhpur
5	AIIMS, Nagpur
6	AIIMS, Patna
7	AIIMS, Raipur
8	AIIMS, Rishikesh
9	AIIMS, Bibinagar
10	AIIMS, Bhatinda
11	AIIMS, Deoghar
12	AIIMS, Mangalagiri
13	AIIMS, Raebareli
14	JIPMER, Puducherry
15	NIMHANS, Bengaluru
16	PGIMER, Chandigarh
17	SCTIMST, Trivandrum

 

Here’s the tentative seat distribution (Category-wise) for admission to various MS/MD/DM (6 years)/MCh (6 years)/MDS courses at AIIMS, New Delhi and other 12 AIIMS through the INI-CET entrance examination for the January session of 2023.

Table 1: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, New Delhi:

Courses	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	17	7	5	3	1	1
MD	Anatomy	5	2	1	1	1	0
MD	Biochemistry	8	4	2	1	1	0
MD	Biophysics	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Community Medicine	9	5	2	1	0	1
MD	Dermatology & Venerology	5	1	2	1	0	1
MD	Emergency Medicine	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Geriatric Medicine	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Lab. Medicine	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Medicine	11	5	3	2	0	1
MD	Microbiology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Nuclear Medicine	4	3	0	0	0	1
MD	Obstetrics & Gynecology	11	4	3	2	1	1
MD	Ophthalmology	6	3	1	1	1	0
MS	Orthopaedics	4	1	1	1	0	1
MS	Otorhinolaryngology	5	1	1	1	1	1
MD	Pediatrics	10	3	3	2	1	1
MD	Palliative Medicine	4	3	1	0	0	0
MD	Pathology	10	4	3	1	1	1
MD	Pharmacology	6	1	2	1	1	1
MD	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2	2	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	10	5	2	1	1	1
MD	Psychiatry	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Radiodiagnosis & Internventional Radiology	4	1	1	1	1	0
MD	Radiation Oncology	4	3	1	0	0	0
MS	Surgery	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Transfusion Medicine	5	2	2	1	0	0
MDS	Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics	1	0	1	0	0	0
MDS	Pediatrics & Preventive Dentistry	2	0	1	0	0	1
MDS	Prosthodontics	1	0	1	0	0	0
MCh	Neuro Surgery M.Ch (Direct 6 year Course)	2	2	0	0	0	0
MCh	Paediatric Surgery M.Ch (Direct 6 year Course)	2	2	0	0	0	0
DM	Infectious Diseases DM(Direct 6 year Course)	4	4	0	0	0	0

Table 2: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bhopal:

Courses	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	6	5	1	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine	5	2	1	0	1	1
MS	ENT	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	3	1	0	1	0	1
MS	General Surgery	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynecology	3	1	0	1	1	0
MD	Ophthalmology	3	1	1	0	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	4	2	1	0	1	0
MD	Pathology	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Pharmacology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	1	2	0	0	1
MD	Radiotherapy	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank	2	0	0	1	1	0

Table 3: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	9	3	2	2	1	1
MD	Anatomy	7	3	2	2	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	3	1	0	1	1	0
MD	Community Medicine	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Dermatology	3	1	1	0	1	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	5	2	1	1	1	0
MS	ENT	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	5	2	1	1	1	0
MD	General Medicine	3	2	0	0	0	1
MS	General Surgery	6	2	2	1	0	1
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Nuclear Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Obst. & Gynecology	6	3	1	1	0	1
MD	Ophthalmology	2	0	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	6	4	1	0	0	1
MD	Pediatrics	5	2	1	1	1	0
MD	Pathology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Pharmacology	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Physiology	6	2	1	1	1	1
MD	PMR	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	Psychiatry	4	1	0	1	1	1
MD	Radiodiagnosis	3	2	0	0	1	0
MD	Radiotherapy	3	1	1	0	0	1
MD	Transfusion Medicine	3	1	1	1	0	0

 

Table 4: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Jodhpur:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology & Critical Care	17	6	5	3	1	2
MD	Anatomy	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	3	1	1	0	0	1
MD	Community Medicine	6	2	2	1	1	0
MD	Dermatology & Venerology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	4	2	1	0	1	0
MD	General Medicine	4	2	1	1	0	0
MS	General Surgery	7	2	2	1	1	1
MD	Microbiology	6	2	2	1	0	1
MD	Nuclear Medicine	3	1	1	0	1	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Ophthalmology	4	2	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	5	2	1	0	1	1
MS	Otorhinolaryngology	6	2	1	1	1	1
MD	Paediatrics	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Pathology	7	2	2	1	1	1
MD	Pharmacology	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	PMR	4	2	1	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Radiology	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank	2	1	1	0	0	0
MCh	Paediatric Surgery (M.CH. 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0
DM	Radiation Oncology (D.M. 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0

 

Table 5: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Patna:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	18	8	5	3	1	1
MD	Anatomy	5	3	1	0	1	0
MD	Biochemistry	9	4	3	2	0	0
MD	Community Medicine & Family Medicine	8	3	2	1	0	2
MD	Dermatology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MS	ENT	2	1	0	0	1	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	7	2	2	2	0	1
MD	FMT (Forensic Medicine & Toxicology)	4	2	1	0	0	1
MD	Medicine	6	5	1	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	OBG (Obstetrics & Gynaecology)	5	1	1	0	2	1
MD	Ophthalmology	4	1	1	1	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	5	2	2	1	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	7	2	2	1	1	1
MD	Pathology	5	0	2	1	1	1
MD	Pharmacology	3	3	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	7	4	2	1	0	0
MD	PMR	2	0	1	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	4	2	1	0	0	1
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	1	1	1	1	0
MD	Radiotherapy	2	0	2	0	0	0
MS	Surgery	5	2	1	1	0	1
MCh	Pediatric Surgery (MCh 6 Years)	3	3	0	0	0	0

Table 6: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Raipur:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	13	4	4	2	1	2
MD	Anatomy	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	4	1	1	1	0	1
MD	Community Medicine	8	3	2	1	1	1
MD	Dermatology	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	8	3	2	1	1	1
MS	ENT	5	2	2	1	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	General Medicine	9	4	3	1	0	1
MS	General Surgery	8	3	3	1	0	1
MD	Microbiology	5	2	2	1	0	0
MD	Nuclear Medicine	1	0	0	0	1	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	7	2	1	2	0	2
MD	Ophthalmology	8	4	2	1	1	0
MS	Orthopaedics	5	2	1	1	0	1
MD	Pediatrics	7	3	1	1	1	1
MD	Pathology	8	4	2	2	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2	0	1	1	0	0
MD	Physiology	2	0	1	0	0	1
MD	Psychiatry	4	1	1	1	1	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	1	2	1	0	0
MD	Radiotherapy	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Transfusion Medicine	4	3	1	0	0	0
MDS	Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (MDS)	1	1	0	0	0	0
MDS	Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry (MDS)	1	0	1	0	0	0

Table 7: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Rishikesh:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	7	3	2	1	0	1
MD	Anatomy	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	4	2	0	0	1	1
MD	Community & Family Medicine	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Dermatology & Venerology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Emergency Medicine	3	2	0	1	0	0
MS	ENT	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	General Medicine	4	3	1	0	0	0
MD	Geriatric Medicine	1	0	1	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	3	1	1	0	0	1
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	Nuclear Medicine	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	8	4	2	1	1	0
MD	Ophthalmology	6	4	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Pathology	5	3	1	1	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	2	1	0	0	0	1
MD	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Physiology	3	2	0	0	0	1
MD	Psychiatry	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Radiation Oncology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	4	2	1	0	0	1
MD	Respiratory Medicine	3	2	1	0	0	0
MD	Transfusion Medicine	3	2	1	0	0	0
MDS	Periodontics (MDS)	1	1	0	0	0	0
MDS	Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (MDS)	1	1	0	0	0	0
MCH 6 Years	Pediatric Surgery (MCH 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0
MCh	Plastic, Reconstructive & Burns Surgery (M.CH. 6 Years)	2	2	0	0	0	0
MCh	Neurosurgery (MCH 6 yrs)	1	1	0	0	0	0

 

Table 8: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Nagpur:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	1	0	0	0	0	1
MD	Biochemistry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine	3	1	2	0	0	0
MD	Dermatology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Forensic Medicine & Toxicology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	3	0	2	0	0	1
MS	General Surgery	3	0	1	1	1	0
MD	Microbiology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	3	1	1	1	0	0
MD	Ophthalmology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	Otorhinolaryngology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	3	0	1	0	1	1
MD	Pathology	3	0	1	1	1	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	1	1	0	0	0	0
MDS	Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics (MDS)	0	0	0	0	0	0

 

Table 9: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bibinagar:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anatomy	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Anaesthesiology	2	2	0	0	0	0
MD	Biochemistry	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine & Family Medicine	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	FMT	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	2	1	0	0	0	1
MS	General Surgery	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	0	1	0
MD	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	2	0	1	1	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	2	2	0	0	0	0
MD	Peediatrics	2	0	1	1	0	0
MD	Pathology	2	1	0	0	0	1

 

Table 10: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Bathinda:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anatomy	1	0	0	1	0	0
MS	General Surgery	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	2	1	0	0	1	0
MD	Ophthalmology	1	0	0	0	1	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	0	1	0	0	0

 

Table 11: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Deoghar:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Biochemistry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Community Medicine & Family Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Microbiology	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Anaesthesiology	1	0	0	1	0	0
MD	Anatomy	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	FMT	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	Orthopaedics	1	0	0	0	0	1
MD	Pathology	1	1	0	0	0	0

 

Table 12: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Mangalagiri:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	2	0	0	1	0	1
MD	Community & Family Medicine	2	1	0	0	1	0
MS	ENT	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	OBG	2	0	1	0	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	2	1	1	0	0	0

 

Table 13: Tentative seat distribution for INI-CET January 2023 session at AIIMS, Raebareli:

Course	Subject/Specialty	Total Number of Seats	UR	OBC	SC	ST	EWS
MD	Anaesthesiology	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Anatomy	2	0	0	1	0	1
MD	Community & Family Medicine	2	1	0	0	1	0
MS	ENT	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	General Medicine	1	1	0	0	0	0
MS	General Surgery	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	OBG	2	0	1	0	0	1
MS	Orthopaedics	2	1	1	0	0	0
MD	Pediatrics	2	1	0	1	0	0
MD	Pharmacology	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Physiology	1	0	1	0	0	0
MD	Psychiatry	1	1	0	0	0	0
MD	Radiodiagnosis	2	1	1	0	0	0

 

Last-Minute Tips for INI-CET Exam:

• Candidates must carry all the asked documents such as INI-CET admit card, passport size photograph, valid photo ID proof, and a copy of MCI registration certificate with them on the exam day.
• Reverify all your documents before coming to the exam hall.
• Candidates are advised to go through all the guidelines issued by AIIMS for the examination.
• Candidates must reach the INI-CET exam center before time to avoid any chaos.
• Avoid Stress and be confident.
• Eat healthy and sleep well.
• Time management is a must before and during the exam.

To get conceptual clarity on the MBBS courses online, click here

The National Medical Commission (Undergraduate Medical Education Board) has issued new guidelines and the academic calendar for MBBS 2022-2023 batch on 12th Oct 2022.

As per the new NMC guidelines, the classes for the first-year MBBS batch will start on 15th Nov 2022.

Academic Calendar for the 2022-2023 MBBS Batch

According to the new NMC guidelines, there is a change in the academic calendar of MBBS 2022-2023. However, the duration of the MBBS course is the same i.e., 5.5 years including a one-year rotational internship.

For the academic year 2022-2023, the one-year compulsory rotational internship will start from the 1st June 2027 and end on 31st May 2028, as per the CRMI 2021 regulations.

The following guidelines have been issued by the NMC for the 2022-23 MBBS batch:

• The MBBS batch will commence on 15th Nov 2022.
• The college vacations and examination schedules may be notified as per the affiliated universities of the respective colleges.

Other board guidelines are as follows:

1. Regarding Electives – 2 blocks of 15 days each are to be adjusted by the colleges for
   • Pre/para-clinical branches
   • Clinical branches
2. In the 2022-2023 academic batch, the supplementary exams will be conducted with a gap of 1 month from the regular exams and the results will be declared within 15 days.
3. There shall be no supplementary MBBS batches.
4. The remaining rules and regulations shall remain the same as per the GMER (Graduate Medical Education Regulations) 1997. You can visit the site for GMER 1997 details: https://www.nmc.org.in/rules-regulations/graduate-medical-education-regulations-1997/
5. The Yoga and Family Adoption Program through village outreach shall continue for the 2021-2022 MBBS Batch.

Along with the changes in the curriculum and the guidelines mentioned above, a few more notifications have been issued by the NMC from the 2022 batch:

• The NMC has created an Anti-Ragging Committee and Dr. Aruna V. Vanikar, President, UGMEB has been appointed as the chairperson of the committee.
• In the NMC notification stated on 4 Oct 2022, the implementation of HMIS (Hospital Management Information System) is mandated in all medical colleges.
• The NEET UG counselling link is active from 11th Oct 2022 on the MCC official website: https://mcc.nic.in.

 

Click here to read about the NMC NExT Exam update 2023 including the guidelines, complete structure, exam dates and more.

Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore is a private medical college, hospital, and research institute. CMC is one of the best private medical colleges in India. In and around Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, this institute has a network of primary, secondary, and tertiary care hospitals. Dr. Ida Scudder is the founder of CMC Vellore. The college is affiliated with the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. CMC, Vellore is approved by NMC (National Medical Commission). It is ranked as one of the top medical colleges in India. The institution offers admission to various disciplines of sciences: medical science, nursing, allied health sciences, some other master’s and doctoral programs, and post-graduate engineering programs.

The college offers admission to various programs including:

• Undergraduate medical course (MBBS)
• Medical postgraduate courses (diploma, degree, and higher speciality courses)
• Certification courses
• Postdoctoral fellowship courses
• Distance education program
• Undergraduate nursing program
• Nursing postgraduate courses (diploma, degree, and fellowships)
• Allied health sciences degree courses
• MBA in hospital and health systems management (HHSM)
• MS Bioengineering
• Tech. Clinical Engineering
• D. Medical Sciences

MBBS in CMC Vellore

MBBS is a four-and-a-half-year course followed by one year compulsory rotating residential internship. In CMC, Vellore, the MBBS course comes under the group A category. As per the CBME curriculum, the undergraduate course in medicine comprises three phases.

Three phases in MBBS Curriculum

Block postings and Internship at CMC Vellore

As per the guidelines of the National Medical Commission,

• Along with regular classes, medical students also have to undergo block postings after phase 1 of their MBBS course at community health centers, mission hospitals, and secondary care centers.
• A medical student also has to compulsorily complete the rotational internship for 12 months. They are posted in the discipline of community health, medicine, surgery, obstetrics & gynecology, orthopaedics, emergency medicine, and short elective subjects.
• At CMC, Vellore, the students are allocated community health centers, mission hospitals, and secondary care centers for internships.

Admission procedure

Admission to the MBBS undergraduate course in CMC, Vellore solely depends on the NEET-UG score. An aspirant to get admission at CMC needs to qualify and crack the NEET-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) examination with a good score.

Eligibility to get admission at Christian Medical College

1. Candidate must have completed 10+2 higher secondary schooling or equivalent examination, and the last two years of education must include Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Biotechnology as major subjects with English from the Tamil Nadu State board or any other equivalent examination board.
2. Candidates must have attained a minimum of 50% marks in all the subjects, Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English individually for the general category, and a minimum of 40% aggregate for BC, MBC, SC/ST candidates is required in a single attempt. The criteria mentioned are subject to change as per the state & university guidelines.
3. At the time of admission, a candidate must have completed 17 years of age or should complete the mentioned on or before 31^st December of the said year.

NEET-UG Exam Pattern for admission to MBBS at CMC Vellore

The NEET-UG exam is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) once a year. The following are some important points to keep in mind:

NEET Exam Section-wise Distribution:

In all 4 Subject sections, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Zoology, there are two sections, section A comprises 35 questions and section B comprises 15 questions out of which 10 are to be answered. Each question carries 4 marks.

Number of Seats for 2022-2023 at CMC, Vellore

The total number of MBBS candidate seats is 100 and the seat distribution is as follows:

1. All India open category: 16 seats
   a. One candidate is selected by Govt. of India under the ‘Central Pool Scheme’.
   b. 20% i.e., 3 seats are reserved for the SC/ST candidates.
2. Minority Network Category & CMC, Vellore staff quota: 84 Seats

Steps to get admission into CMC Vellore

1. Fill out the application form for an undergraduate course from the CMC, Vellore official site.
2. Provide your NEET application form details.
3. Submission of the receipts of the certification forms from Minority Network Organizations (if applicable).
4. Apply to the Tamil Nadu Selection Committee for the counseling process in the relevant category.
5. The selection is based on the NEET-UG score and candidates are required to fill the NEET-UG score and rank on the CMC, Vellore admission site.
6. Submission of the Arno & rank of TN Management Quota.
7. Be updated with the release of the merit list.
8. Counseling by Tamil Nadu Selection Committee, DME, Chennai.

All these steps are to be done in the stipulated period as provided by the college. So, be updated.

Admission Process after Counseling at CMC, Vellore

• After the counseling procedure, the candidate is required to register for the course by paying the tuition fees and completing other formalities, and submitting original certificates.
• The admission confirmation is approved by Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University. Until the approval, admission continues to be provisional.
• After the confirmation of the MBBS admission at CMC, Vellore, a candidate needs to submit their original required documents at the university campus.
• All the candidates getting admission to CMC, Vellore need to undergo a medical fitness check-up and the admission gets confirmed only after the medical fitness clearance by the Medical Board, CMC, Vellore.

MBBS Course Fee at CMC, Vellore

The fees to be paid at the time of registration for admissions to the MBBS course at CMC, Vellore is mentioned in the table below:

*The course fee may change in the coming years depending upon the University rules and regulations.

MBBS Cut-off at CMC, Vellore

Based upon the analysis of the previous years’ cut-offs, the estimated NEET-UG cut-off marks for the MBBS course for admission at CMC, Vellore are mentioned below:

To get the conceptual clarity on the MBBS courses online, click here.

Medical Postgraduate Courses at CMC, Vellore

In CMC, Vellore Admission to PG Degree, Diploma, PG diploma courses, and fellowship courses come under the Group B category. Admission to the MD/MS courses is done based on the NEET-PG score. All the students need to get into the NEET-PG merit list for admission to the PG courses with the required cut-off score.

PG Courses and Number of Seats

The Christian Medical College offers admission to various post-graduate specialization courses.

1. The CMC Vellore provides admission to MD courses for various subjects along with the number of seats mentioned below:

2. The CMC Vellore provides admission to MS courses for various subjects along with the number of seats mentioned below:

Service Obligation at CMC, Vellore

1. The service obligation of 3 years is mandated for all the MS/MD candidates, except for the clinical specialties (General merit category).
2. Candidates admitted to the clinical specialties under the general merit category have a service obligation of 1 year.
3. Candidates admitted to the pre-and para-clinical specialties under the general merit category, have no service obligation.
4. For diploma courses, the service obligation period is a minimum of 2 years whereas, general merit candidates are exempted from the same.
5. After the course completion, the service obligation is served at the CMC, Vellore or any of the associated mission hospitals.

Facilities available for the medical PG trainees

• Stipend
• Accommodation
• Research activity of each department
• Medical records department
• Recreation
• Staff/student health clinic

Fee Structure for the Postgraduate Medical Courses at CMC, Vellore

The fees to be paid at the time of registration for admissions to the Medical PG courses (MD/MS) at CMC are mentioned in the table below:

*The course fee may change in the coming years depending upon the University rules and regulations.

NEET-PG Cut-off Score for MS/MD admission to CMC, Vellore

Based upon the analysis of the previous years’ cut-offs, the estimated cut-off marks for the medical PG specialization courses for admission at CMC, Vellore are mentioned below:

Certificate courses after MBBS

The certificate courses offered by the CMC Vellore for the MBBS graduates are mentioned below:

• CMC, Vellore also provides admission to various higher specialty and Postdoctoral diploma courses and allied health sciences courses.
• After completing MBBS, a medico can also pursue M.Sc. Epidemiology and Master of Public Health Administration.

CMC, Vellore Hostel Fees and Facility

• Hostel Facility for MBBS Students: MBBS students live in the campus hostels. The Bagayam campus of the CMC, Vellore has girls’ and boys’ hostels. The girls’ hostel is named as ‘Paradise on Earth’, while the boys’ hostel is named as ‘Mansion of the Gods’. Boys are required to submit the hostel charges (Deposits and advance) of10,000/- and girls Rs.8,000/-. The approximate living expenses per month for the hostel are Rs.6,000/- for boys and girls. 

• Hostel facility for other courses: The women’s hostel and men’s hostel for the students of allied health courses are named as the ‘Fitch Hostel’ and the ‘Dorothy Joske Hostel’. The ‘Modale International Hostel’ is allocated for the elective course students/visitor observer students from overseas. The hostel and its charges vary as per the student’s course.

All the hostels are well equipped with all the necessities of a student and other facilities such as a Hostel Chapel, recreation room, gymnasium, library, dance room, music room, prayer room, mini kitchen, TV/Projector room. The food facility with vegetarian and non-vegetarian food is also available for all the residents.

How does DigiNerve help a medico?

DigiNerve is an EdTech initiative by Jaypee Brothers, a pioneer and market leader in health science publishing with a legacy spanning over 5 decades. It provides top-notch medical content to enhance conceptual clarity, clinical skills, and ace exams.

In terms of the calibre of the courses, the variety of subjects, the Gold Standard faculty, and the user-friendly interface, DigiNerve is unmatched.

• DigiNerve provides best online courses for MBBS subjects designed by eminent faculty as per CBME Curriculum and NEET Exam, such as

• Apart from the MBBS and MD courses, DigiNerve brings the professional courses ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy’ and ‘Basics of Infertility and IUI Made Easy’ by the top faculty Dr. Chaitanya Nagori and Dr. Sonal Panchal. After completion of the course, the candidates will earn a course completion certificate from Ian Donald Inter-University School of Medical Ultrasound.

• An Exam preparation course ‘Cracking MRCP Part 1’ by Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander and Dr. Archith Boloor, helps a medico with their preparation to crack the MRCP exam. Cracking MRCP Part 1 course is based on the curriculum devised by The Royal College of Physicians (RCP). The course has 15 online modules covering major specialties such as Clinical Sciences, Cardiology, Gastroenterology, etc. The course includes video lectures, e-chapters, 2500+ BOF questions, mock exams, and most of all high-quality notes.

FAQs

1. How many marks are required in NEET for MBBS in CMC Vellore?

Ans: The estimated cut off score for admission to CMC, Vellore is around 600+ in the NEET Examination for general category. For the OBC/SC/ST & Minority groups, the estimated cut-off score is around 500 marks. For sponsored & management quota students, the cut-off range is comparatively lower.

2. Is CMC Vellore a deemed university?

Ans: No, CMC Vellore is not a deemed University. It is a private college, affiliated with Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai run by the Christian community.

3. Is CMC good for MBBS?

Ans: CMC Vellore is ranked 3^rd as per NIRF ranking 2022 after AIIMS, Delhi, and PGIMER, Chandigarh. It is one of the best medical colleges in India.

Gynecology and obstetrics both focus on the female reproductive system. Gynecology deals with non-pregnant women whereas Obstetrics deals with pregnancy and the procedures and issues that go along with it, thus obstetrics deals with both the mother and the infant. To lower the risk of newborn disease and mortality, obstetricians closely collaborate with pediatricians and neonatologists on newborn care. They also remove cancers, fibroids, etc, surgically, although many gynecological problems require hormonal and other pharmacological therapy too.

What an obstetrician does:

The duties obstetricians carry out consist of:

• Obstetricians are in charge of collaborating with midwives to monitor and support a woman’s natural birth while she is in labor.
• One of their roles is to execute an episiotomy, which entails making precise cuts over the pregnant woman’s perineum to widen the birth canal.
• In some cases, assistance may be required to hasten protracted delivery to lessen maternal exhaustion and infant suffering (rising heart rate and possible brain damage to the baby). This makes use of methods like vacuum-assisted birth and forceps delivery.
• Caesarean (or C) section, calls for the baby to be surgically removed from the mother’s womb to lessen difficulties during labor. If a C-section is not used to hurry the delivery, difficulties could ultimately result in the baby’s death or physical harm.
• Therapy and diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. When the fertilized ovum is implanted somewhere other than the womb, it results in an ectopic pregnancy. It frequently ends up in the fallopian tubes.

What a gynecologist does: 

Gynecologists employ a variety of diagnostic and curative techniques. The following are a few of the common gynecological procedures:

• Hysterectomy or uterus removal
• Removing ovaries
• Fallopian tubes are removed during surgery
• Hysteroscopy and colposcopy involve employing tools like endoscopes to inspect the uterus’ inside.
• Taking care of uterine fibroids
• Identifying and treating sexually transmitted diseases
• Diagnosing menstrual issues, such as absence, severe bleeding, irregular or no periods, etc.
• Examination of the reproductive organs with ultrasound.

Objectives of Learning OBGYN

The Obstetrics and Gynecology Department offers modern, comprehensive screening and therapeutic techniques in a sympathetic environment for women in all stages of life.

In addition to regular gynecology procedures and medical treatments, a dedicated team provides cutting-edge motherhood facilities for routine and high-risk pregnancies, post-delivery and family planning services, sterility screening and handling, and all endoscopic gynecological operations.

Moreover, the department addresses high-risk pregnancies using prenatal diagnostic tests such as infant color doppler, amniocentesis, and velocimetry investigations. It also includes colposcopy, pap smear, and HPV-CO testing for going through menopausal women for cancer screening.

Aspirants can get a variety of profitable jobs in India and overseas by enrolling in this course. You can pursue additional education, such as research studies at prestigious universities and research institutions. Medical specialties like gynecology, cancer, critical care, reproductive endocrinology, or maternal-fetal medicine are all open to you as a career option. In India, postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynecology is either a three-year master’s program or a two-year diploma program. You can pursue a sub-specialty training program in fellowships after finishing your residency training.

OBGYN in MBBS

In their fourth year of MBBS, undergraduate students who are studying OBGYN participate in case discussions in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. A medico must also do a one-month OBGYN internship in addition to this. They receive instruction in the labor room, family planning OPD and OT, and obstetrics and gynecology OPD’s wards and OTs throughout their internship.

PG in OBGYN

A three-year, full-time postgraduate programme in OBGYN aims at training students to provide care to each patient, both pregnant and non-pregnant, as well as a thorough superior assessment of the entire medical pathology associated with the female reproductive organs.

Students learn about the most recent society standards, benchmark studies, breakthroughs in PCOS, robotic surgery, and conducting clinical examinations in OBGYN MD course. In the specialty clinics, OPD, wards, labour rooms, and operating rooms, they perform the necessary tests, interpret the results, and carry out medical/surgical management. They are taught to assess pregnancy-related issues using medical skills, find solutions, and provide pertinent prognoses.

Watch this video to learn the right way to approach OBGYN MD

Ph.D. Scholars of OBGYN

Every Ph.D. candidate has the privilege of choosing their specialty area from a list that includes fetal development and growth, hereditary and genomics, gestational diabetes, parental hepatitis, preeclampsia, prenatal analysis, and screening. Additionally, topics like urogynecology, endometriosis, endometrium, and establishment, prenatal cancer, and genital level are also discussed.

List of Top 10 Colleges for OBGYN in India

Here is the most recent list of top obstetrics and gynecology colleges in India that have earned official NMC recognition. These universities have the highest rankings and are even regarded as the most reputable universities in India

In OBGYN, OB refers to Obstetrics or Obstetrician, a doctor who specializes in the care of women and their babies during pregnancy and childbirth. GYN stands for Gynecology or Gynecologist, a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders. OBGYN is a branch of medicine that deals with the entire female reproductive health of pregnant as well as non-pregnant females.

OBGYNs diagnose and treat diseases of the female reproductive organs. They treat various other women’s health issues such as hormonal problems, menstruation issues, contraception, infertility, and reproductive tract infections. They also hold the responsibility of childbirth via normal delivery, cesarian sections, pregnancy complications, fetal signs, and growth and also help women with psychological distress and counseling.

ADMISSION PROCEDURE

The following steps are undertaken by students who aspire to become an OBGYN:

• From the beginning, aspirants must complete the senior secondary education with the PCB stream with at least 50% marks.
• Further, they should crack the NEET UG exam to get admission to medical college (Government/ Private).
• After obtaining an MBBS degree, they need to appear for the NEET- PG entrance examination.
• A good score in NEET-PG gives a push to admission to the medical college for the OBGYN PG course.
• Aspirants must complete a junior resident responsibility to gain a post-graduation degree.
• After the successful completion, they must obtain a license and become board certified.

ELIGIBILITY FOR BECOMING AN OBGYN DOCTOR

• Candidates should have completed an MBBS degree from a college/institution recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI) with a minimum of 55% marks.
• They must have undergone the one-year compulsory internship after completing the course.
• Candidates must clear the NEET PG exam to be eligible for admission to recognized universities/colleges.
• For the general category, the candidate must obtain at least 50^th percentile marks in NEET PG for admission to MD/MS courses. For SC, ST, and OBC, the minimum percentage requirement is the 40^th
• For the candidate with benchmark disability specified under the Rights of Persons with Disability Act 2016, for the GEN-EWS and unreserved category 45^th percentile is required. For, SC/ST/OBC-NCL candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40^th
• In some cases, admission to post-graduate medical courses may also include a group discussion/personal interview after the entrance examination depending on the college.
• Final confirmation of admission depends on the cut-off marks and the counseling procedure.

OBGYN IN MBBS

MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) is an undergraduate medical sciences course with a duration of 5.5 years including an internship. Admission to the MBBS is solely based on an entrance examination. The NEET (UG) entrance examination is the only valid examination to get admission in MBBS in government or private medical colleges recognized by MCI (Medical Council of India). A student needs to get into the merit list and undergo the counseling procedure for admission to MBBS successfully.

After getting admission to medical college, a student needs to learn various subjects like microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, OBGYN, community medicine, surgery, and more.

Undergraduate students study OBGYN in their 4^th prof, where they go through case discussions in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Along with this, a medico needs to complete a one-month OBGYN internship. During this internship, they get training in Obstetrics & Gynaecology OPD’s Wards and OTs, Labour Room, and Family Planning OPD and OT.

PG OBGYN AFTER MBBS

OBGYN is a three-year full-time postgraduate course in medical sciences. The course consists of a comprehensive, superior examination of the complete medical pathology related to the female reproductive organs, and provision of care to each non-pregnant and pregnant patient.

Admission to OBGYN MD is done through national-level entrance examinations like NEET-PG, and INI-CET. In PG OBGYN, students get familiar with the latest society guidelines, benchmark trials, and recent advancements in PCOS, Robotic Surgery, and performing clinical examinations. They are asked for pertinent tests, decipher the results, and implement medical/surgical management in the specialty clinics, OPD, wards, labor room, and operating rooms. They learn to use medical capabilities to evaluate troubles in pregnancy and discover techniques and relevant prognoses.
Watch this video to understand this important topic of OBGYN through case-based discussion

ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS FOR PURSUING PG OBGYN 

MBBS students need to undergo and crack the NEET-PG entrance examination for admission to medical college for PG OBGYN. The NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) is a national-level entrance examination for admission to pursue medical sciences; NEET UG for the undergraduate medical courses (MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BHMS), and NEET PG for the doctors to get admitted to various postgraduate courses (MD/MS) and diploma courses.

Admission for PG to government and private colleges depends on the ranking of the medicos in the NEET-PG entrance Examination. The examination body of NEET PG is the National Board of Examinations and further, the Directorate General of Health Services conducts the counselling and seat allotment process.

Institutes that are exempted from admission via the NEET PG exam are:

1. AIIMSs
2. PGIMER
3. JIPMER
4. NIMHANS
5. SCTIMST

These institutes come under the INI (Institute of National Importance).

To get admission to INI (Institute of National Importance) institutions, medicos must get into the merit of the INI-CET (Institute of National Importance Combined Entrance Test).

INI- CET is a combined entrance examination to the INI institutes for PG courses in medical Sciences [MD, MS, DM (6 years), MCh (6 years), and MDS]

List of Participating INI Institutes for INI-CET:

• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
• Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry
• Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh
• National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka
• Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananathapuram, Kerala

NOTE:

MRCOG Examination:

This examination is specially designed by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists for OBGYN doctors to assess their skills, knowledge, and competencies. This exam comprises three parts- MRCOG Part 1, MRCOG Part 2 & MRCOG Part 3. Membership of RCOGs is awarded upon the successful completion of all three stages of the exam.

TOP COLLEGES FOR PG IN OBGYN

Some of the colleges for admission to PG-OBGYN are listed below:

• All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
• Armed Forces Medical College, Pune
• IMS BHU- Indian Institute of Medical Sciences- Banaras Hindu University, Banaras
• Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore
• Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
• Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
• JIPMER (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research), Puducherry
• Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh
• King George Medical College, Lucknow
• Madras Medical College, Chennai
• Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
• Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
• VMMC College, New Delhi
• Goa Medical College, Panaji

COURSE STRUCTURE OF PG OBGYN

There are four papers:

PAPER I: Applied Basic sciences: Physiology and anatomy of the female reproductive system, pharmacological and hormonal roles, obstetric and gynecological markers – non-neoplastic and neoplastic, medical genetics, anatomical and physiological changes in the female reproductive tract during pregnancy, pharmacology of drugs used during labor and after birth

PAPER II: Obstetrics including Social Obstetrics & Diseases of Newborn: Prenatal Care: Risky Pregnancy, Obstetrics: Postpartum, Vaginal delivery, caesarean section, Hysterectomy, Destructive Surgery, Manipulation (external/internal pod version, manual placental removal, etc.), Medical Abortion – Safe Abortion – Case Selection, Complication Techniques, and Treatment, MTP, newborn.

PAPER Ill: Gynecology: Clinical gynecology, Family Welfare, and demography, Male and female infertility.

PAPER IV: Recent Advances in Obstetrics & Gynaecology

• Along with four theory papers, doctors pursuing MD OBGYN have to do Practical Examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology:

Clinical long case and short case including viva of:

• Instruments
• Pathological specimen,
• Medicines and X-rays, ultrasounds, etc.
• Dummy Pelvis
• Family planning
  THESIS:
• Students identify relevant research questions
• Conduct a critical literature review
• Hypothesize
• Determine the most appropriate study design
• State the purpose of the research
• Preparation of test protocols
• Conduct the study according to the protocol
• Analyze and interpret research data and draw conclusions
• Write a research paper
• PG OBGYN students are also required to complete their OBGYN residency and postings.

Watch this video to learn the right way to approach OBGYN MD

SCOPE/JOB OPPORTUNITIES AFTER MD IN GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS

Undoubtedly, the course is highly respected, job oriented, and lucrative. This opens doors to a variety of job prospects such as Maternal-fetal medicine specialists, Reproductive endocrinologists, Gynecologic oncologists, Female pelvic specialists, critical care medicine specialists, professors, clinical associates, junior consultants, senior residents, consultants, general physicians, researchers, private practitioners, govt. doctors, and private clinicians. Moreover, the OBGYN can go for research and higher studies in research centres and universities.

FAQs (Frequently asked questions)

Q1.What is the difference between an Obstetrician and a Gynecologist?

Ans. A gynecologist is mainly trained in female reproductive care whereas an obstetrician cares for pregnant women and newborns.

Q2. Who is the first female Surgeon General in India?

Ans. Mary Poonen Lukose was an Indian gynecologist, obstetrician, and the first female Surgeon General in India.

Q3. Can a person pursue OBGYN without an MBBS degree?

Ans. Yes, one can pursue a career in OBGYN after a BAMS degree if not MBBS. A diploma course in OBGYN can be done as well after a BAMS degree.

Q4. How can I enter the OBGYN field?

Ans. You can undergo a three-year postgraduate course in OBGYN (MS/MD) after doing MBBS or a two-year diploma program of postgraduate training in Obstetrics and gynecology.

Most students think that medical education is only about clearing the entrance exam and getting admission to MBBS. However, the reality is way different than this perception. Clearing the exam isn’t the final step, rather, is the beginning of the life of a medical student. A medical degree is considered one of the toughest degrees in the world. For a student, it’s definitely more work because of the unlimited workload and the time limit, which means a lot less sleep and a lot more stress.

Top Struggles of MBBS Students are:

1. Adjusting with peers: Medical colleges are responsible for ensuring that graduates are knowledgeable, skilful, and professional to meet society’s expectations. Due to this, students have to prepare themselves for the vast syllabus while also adjusting with peers. There is huge peer pressure on medical students when it comes to adjusting themselves in the new environment due to high level of competition.
2. Wow! You are smart, you should be a doctor: Medical might not be the hardest choice for aspirants but the journey is indeed very hard. Students put in all the efforts, and energy to enter the clinical world; the world that includes a lot of hard work, sleepless nights, countless hours of study, and whatnot. However, there are many students who give their 100 percent just to satisfy that One Big Dream of their family and relatives, at the cost of their happiness.
3. Do you have a social life? When it comes to a medical student’s social life, the status is quite complicated. Students get trapped with books, assignments and practices, etc. that they can’t focus much on their social life. Although medicine is a very social course and being a healthcare professional, students must know how to deal with people. To take time out for social activities, students need to maintain a schedule that allows them to manage it all.
4. Start the day and end the day with medicine: – The primary motivation is to enjoy studying. Exhaustion due to continuous studies can make medical college seem like a burden. So students must divert their attention from studies a bit and focus on “personal development.” This involves honing talents that fall outside the purview of academic study yet are nevertheless crucial for a doctor. For instance, participating in music or theatre can help students get used to performing or interacting in front of a large audience. This also helps them to confidently address and speak at a conference or simply to a group of their coworkers. There is a balance that needs to be achieved between working and enjoying life.
5. You have to memorize so many new drugs, that your brain might explode: The most problematic situation that students face is that they need to cram names of thousands of new drugs and various syndromes, which is confusing. Also since these drugs are vast along with their own different characteristics, it is easy to forget a few. This is not the end, memorizing drugs also includes knowing their purposes, advantages, and disadvantages, after effects, and what all changes can be possible, which also includes how they respond in every individual’s body.

Watch Video to learn the right way to approach Pharmacology in MBBS

6. The unending workload: – It is a popular talking point that a medical student’s life in med college is endless. The reason behind this is that medical courses are the longest courses in the educational world. It nearly takes a decade to become a fully qualified doctor. The entire journey demands a lot of hard work, sleepless nights, and a huge number of complications. It is not easy to maintain patience throughout this period and often students lose themselves in the wheel of practicals, rounds, syllabus, and examinations.
7. Finance: – Finance is a huge problem for a medical aspirant. How? Not all medical aspirants belong to financially stable families, and neither do all receive government scholarships. Many students dream to become a doctor, but again finances remain a challenge. Medical studies are considered one of the most expensive education all over the world. It is a vast and expensive course. If a student does not have an adequate amount of money, pursuing a medical degree can be challenging. If this problem arises while a student is pursuing the course, students should always have a backup option.
8. Exams Breakdown: – Exams have always been a huge load. Even the thought of it is scary because the syllabus is so vast that sometimes the duration of preparation tends to seem less. There’s no doubt medical life is filled with competitors, which makes the exam period even more stressful. Skipping topics is another aspect that makes it stressful while spending more time on important topics. Additionally, lack of sleep, headaches, and stress can easily lead to breakdowns.
9. A good night’s sleep is a wonder for you: – Back-to-back classes, practicals, and whatnot get tiresome for them. Most students have sleepless nights because of assignments, many even suffer from sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality which is common during the internship. Researchers have paid much attention to the critical function that sleep plays in preserving mental health, advanced learning, and overall welfare. From 1st year to the final year, medical students are particularly prone to sleep-related problems due to the huge syllabus. So it is very important for students to at least have 6 – 8 hours of sound sleep.

Life of Students in the 1st year of MBBS:

Medical College is nothing like high school; it is challenging not simply because there is so much knowledge to gain, but also because students get to learn new skills. Students mostly in their first year, try to understand what kind of studying technique works to cover the syllabus. The first year is all about learning, failing and again understanding where you were wrong and then starting again.

Life in college doesn’t resemble the medical drama– Grey’s Anatomy in reality. No one goes to the clinical rounds in the first year itself. In the first year, students study Biophysics, Anatomy, and Histology and prepare for tests most of the days.

In the first year, it’s not all about saving lives. The only life students can save is theirs, by fixing a decent study routine for themselves, figuring out how to adjust their studies and things they like doing beyond studying and getting sufficient rest.

Life of Students in the 2nd year of MBBS:

It’s the best time to retrospect and make a schedule that can help students manage studies, social life, and sleep. The one benefit students have in their 2nd year is that they get familiar with the environment, faculty, and course too, so it becomes a bit easy for them to communicate and discuss their problems in the class or with the faculty. It gets even easier to make a schedule that can be followed given that students get quite familiar with the frequency of classes, practicals, and tests.

Life of Students in the 3rd year of MBBS:

It is very much like climbing one more step and reaching one step near to the goal of becoming a Top Doc. Becoming more focused on studies and attending a lot of practicals are included in the 3rd year. It is time for students to get exposed to the practical technicalities of the field. Students become familiar with everyday struggles in 3^rd year; they feel the sensation of being worn out, because of classes and clinical rounds. They need to have some sort of framework, whether it be a paper journal or a schedule reminder turned on on their mobile phones.

Life of Students in the 4th year of MBBS:

The significant cause of the pressure students face in the final year is due to the major subjects like Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, OBGYN, Orthopaedics, etc. which are highly important for NEET PG. They experience maximum stress when they start going for rounds. Medicine is a long-distance race, not a run. Regardless of whether students complete their last year, it isn’t the end. They still need to learn a lot more because now their real life as interns and saviours begin. It’s now time to put all the knowledge into application.

Get conceptual clarity in Medicine from Dr. Archith Boloor

Passing the final exam in MBBS is crucial to starting your career as a doctor. Students must focus on conceptual clarity to clear the final exams. Discipline and dedication are the keys to mastering the syllabus. Moreover, aspirants that are pursuing the MBBS program at any medical college must complete the internship. An internship is a term of learning, or, to put it in simple words, more practical work than theoretical training. The internship phase is where you put all of the theoretical information you’ve learned over the last four years into action.

You should have a proper plan if you are going to enrol yourself as a medical student, it is a long ride with lots of struggle, hard work, failures, and whatnot. The medical course is exceptionally vast due to the volume of material that needs to be learned along with both the basic scientific principles and the clinical abilities. Keeping in mind the surreal feeling that a doctor feels while saving someone’s life is something that can’t be put into words, and furthermore, the feeling of saving somebody’s life is simply inexplicable. Once your goal is set and you are ready for it, it is definitely going to be the best chapter of your life.

The 3-year MD Obstetrics & Gynecology programme focuses on the comprehensive clinical pathology of the female reproductive organs and care of both pregnant and non-pregnant patients. At the end of the first semester in the MD Obstetrics & Gynecology, students are evaluated as a unit on what they choose to do from among the available courses. As a result, an analytical topic is selected based on the student’s interests. The program’s methods for delivering instruction include conversations, presentations, in-class performances, assignments, attendance, and seminars.

The area of medicine known as obstetrics deals with the treatment of pregnant women before, during, and after childbirth. The basic goal of obstetrics is to protect and preserve a woman’s general health throughout her pregnancy. This includes pregnancy, labour, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Obstetricians can assist with labour and delivery, and do surgery. Some operate a solo or private practice where they offer their services while others provide services in a bigger healthcare facility or medical group.

On the other hand, the area of medicine dedicated to the bodies and reproductive health of women is known as gynecology. It covers reproductive system diagnosis, care, and therapy for women. This includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vagina. In this area of medicine, problems with women’s breasts are also screened for and treated. Gynecology deals with women’s health through puberty and adulthood. It represents most of the reproductive care a patient receives during their lifetime.

Best Way to Study OBGYN MD

• Postgraduate students should attend lectures, seminars, symposia, departmental meetings as well as journal clubs, and interdepartmental meetings.
• They must focus on presenting their theses under ethical approval, sound clinical practice standards and acceptable research methodologies.
• In addition to brushing up on their knowledge of undergraduate studies, postgraduate students should participate in the training and instruction of interns and undergraduate students.
• They should take part in chat shows like those provided by DigiNerve’s OBGYN MD course and other forms of interactions with distinguished faculty across the country.
• They must get familiar with the latest society guidelines, benchmark trials, and recent advancements in PCOS, Robotic Surgery, etc. These can be accessed easily with DigiNerve’s OBGYN MD course by Dr. Aswath Kumar.
• Students should emphasize self-learning, group discussions, and case presentations.
• They should concentrate on taking correct notes, performing a clinical examination, recommending or ordering pertinent tests, deciphering the results, and implementing medical/surgical management in the specialty clinics, OPD, wards, labour room, and operating rooms.
• They must take down clinical notes regularly while maintaining records.
• Students should attend dummy/model demonstrations with utmost attention and dedication before performing on real patients later.
• They should attend CMEs and conferences where they can present papers.
• Postgraduate students should keep a log book during the training time that details the length of their rotations and work in wards, outpatient departments, and casualties. This should list the operations and classes they attended. They can use this to periodically assess the experience they have obtained and keep track of training-related activities.
• Students must visit the department’s clinical units during rotations including anesthesiology, neonatology, and radiology/radiotherapy. In Obstetrics & Gynecology, NST, and Partogram, students should be competent to perform and interpret ultrasonography.

DigiNerve’s OBGYN MD course by Dr. Aswath Kumar 

The course is designed by the chief editor Dr. Aswath Kumar along with 98 eminent faculty. Students will benefit greatly from their accumulated knowledge of more than 500 years as they learn ideas in depth. The course covers crucial obstetrics and gynecology concepts as well as case discussions on regular and uncommon cases. The students’ practical application of concepts will be enhanced through lectures on the management of labour, abnormal labour, abnormal presentations, and medical abnormalities in pregnancy. These lectures will also give the students a road map for how to treat these conditions successfully.

In order to help PG students prepare for their university examinations, the OBGYN MD course has been created based on the question papers from the country’s numerous universities during the previous 20 years. For students looking for a master’s in gynecology or master’s in obstetrics, this course is among the best postgraduate OBGYN courses available. To meet all of the students’ learning needs, it promotes concept-based and approach-based learning. Along with case discussions on often seen as well as uncommon instances in clinical practice, it covers significant obstetrics and gynecology issues. All of the course’s topics have been carefully chosen with consideration for the postgraduate students who struggle to obtain information on them as well as frequently asked questions.

The PG students studying gynecology and obstetrics have presented their cases as part of an open discussion with the relevant professors in the course. There is a focus on getting the right clinical findings and taking the case and history in the right way. The discussion between the faculty and students has been done in a way that would assist the viewers in approaching a case with the proper differential diagnosis and developing a strategy for correct diagnosis. To familiarise the students with contemporary developments in the field, the course contains current evidence-based guidelines for the management of a variety of conditions.

The display of minimally invasive surgeries like hysteroscopy and diagnostic/operative laparoscopy has its own area. This will give students’ learning a practical orientation. They will be thrilled with the lecture on Robotic laparoscopic surgery focusing on its relevance, application, and implications in the field of obstetrics and gynecology and how it is a boon from a future perspective. The concepts will take on a whole new dimension, thanks to the in-video display of the various surgeries being carried out.

The students’ practical application of concepts will be enhanced through lectures on the management of labour, abnormal labour, abnormal presentations, and medical abnormalities in pregnancy. These lectures will also give the students a road map for how to treat these conditions successfully. The crucial diagnostic techniques and procedures, such as the use of ultrasound in gynecology and prenatal examination, have been described in detail. A complete drug chart has been supplied for rapid reference by the students with a special focus on medications, doses, and their indications/contraindications in pregnancy and labour. To help students gain a complete understanding of each topic and to prepare them for exams, the lectures are profusely illustrated with clinical and radiological pictures, as well as flowcharts, tables, and boxes, when applicable.

We have also come up with the comprehensive OBGYN MD printed notes for existing users as well as new users to enhance the learning. The key features of our two volume OBGYN MD notes include:

• Our lecture notes are comprehensive yet condensed, keeping the vital details from lectures, textbooks, and extra material while still being clear and simple to read. No more turning pages or searching through pointless information!
• The carefully designed notes feature exam-oriented material and questions from past years, assisting students in concentrating their study efforts on the most crucial subjects and improving their chances of success.
• For busy students, our lecture notes are a time-saving lifesaver. The course content will be presented in a well-organized and condensed form so that students may learn more effectively and devote more time to practise and revision.
• Our lecture notes include visual learning components like charts, graphs, and diagrams to help memory retention. This makes difficult subjects simpler to understand and recall during tests.
• We think everyone should have access to a high-quality education at an affordable price. Our cost-effective lecture notes give students a method to succeed academically without going over budget.

Table of Content – OBGYN MD by Dr. Aswath Kumar Raghu

GYNECOLOGY LECTURE

Gynecological Anatomy

Development of Female Genital System

Anatomy of Female Genital System

Course of Pelvic Ureter, Anatomical Sites Susceptible to Injury

Pelvic Floor

Internal Iliac Artery

Lymphatic Drainage of Genital Tract

Menstrual Physiology

Physiology of Menstrual Cycle – Part I

Physiology of Menstrual Cycle – Part II

Gynecological Surgery

Thromboembolism Prevention in Gynecological Surgery

Developmental Anomalies of the Genital Tract

Developmental Anomalies of Female Genital Tract – Part I

Developmental Anomalies of Female Genital Tract – Part II

Menstrual Abnormalities

Cryptomenorrhea

Turners Syndrome

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Physiology of Menopause and Menopause Hormonal Therapy

Dysmenorrhea

Premenstrual Syndrome

Postmenopausal Bleeding

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Hormonal Abnormalities in Gynecology

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Hirsutism

Adrenal Steroidogenesis and Clinical Implications

Ovarian Pathology

Ovarian Torsion

Benign Ovarian Tumors

Borderline Ovarian Tumors

Uterine Abnormalities

Endometriosis- Management of Infertility and Pain

Fibroid uterus- I

Fibroid uterus – II

Treatment of Fibroid Uterus

Reproductive Medicine

Step by Step Approach To Male Infertility

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Recent Updates in PCOS

Physiology of Ovulation

Ovulation Induction – I

Ovulation Induction – II

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

Pathology/Infection of the Female External Genitalia

Trichomonas Vaginitis

Bacterial Vaginosis

Vulvo-Vaginal Candidiasis

Pathologies of the Female External Genitalia

Non Neoplastic Lesions of Vulva

Pelvic Infection

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pediatric Gynecology

Puberty and Precocious Puberty

Urinary Tract Abnormalities/Infections

Stress Urinary Incontinence

Urinary Incontinence

Overactive Bladder

Urodynamic Study

Genital Fistula -VVF and RVF

Malignancy of the Genital Tract

Premalignant Lesion of Cervix

HPV Vaccination: Cornerstone of Cervical Cancer Elimination in India

Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Carcinoma Vagina

Carcinoma Vulva

Cancer Cervix Management

Minimally Invasive Surgery

Hysteroscopy

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy Complications

Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Robotic Surgery – Hype or Hope

Pregnancy Prevention

Updates on Contraception

Medical Termination of Pregnancy

Septic Abortions

Miscellaneous Topics of Gynecology

Radiation Therapy in the Management of Gynecological Malignancies

USG in Gynecology

OBSTETRICS LECTURE

Obstetric Anatomy, Physiology, and Embryology

Maternal Pelvis and Fetal Skull

Physiology of Lactation

Ovarian Steroidogenesis

Fetal Circulation

Antenatal Assessment

Antepartum Fetal Surveillance

Doppler in FGR

First Trimester USS

Second Trimester Ultrasound

Invasive and Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis

Non Invasive Prenatal Testing

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Amniocentesis

Screening of Down Syndrome

Preconceptional Counseling

Complications of Pregnancy

Preterm Labor Prevention, Diagnosis and Management

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease and Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Abortions

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss – Practical approach

Management of Twin Pregnancy

Monochorionic Twins Surveillance, Complications, Management

Abruptio Placentae

Placenta Previa

Placenta Accreta Spectrum

Vasa Previa

Prediction and Management of Intra Uterine Fetal Growth Restrictions

HELLP Syndrome

Antihypertensives in Preeclampsia

Cervical Incompetence

Post Term Pregnancy

Abnormal Presentation

Malpresentations Breech Presentation

Transverse Lie

Face and Brow Presentation

Occipito Posterior Position

Deep Transverse Arrest

Medical Disorders in Pregnancy

SLE in Pregnancy

Liver Disorders in Pregnancy – Part I

Liver Disorders in Pregnancy – Part II

Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy

Epilepsy in Pregnancy

Heart Disease in Pregnancy

Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy

Varicella in Pregnancy

Malaria in Pregnancy

TORCH Infection in Pregnancy

HIV in Pregnancy

Sepsis in Pregnancy: an Overview to Diagnosis and Management

COVID Complicating Pregnancy

Labor (Normal and Abnormal)

Mechanism of Labor

Induction of Labor

Premature Rupture of Membrane

External Cephalic Version

Monitoring during Labor

Partogram

Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance

Operative Delivery

Instrumental Deliveries – Dying art

Third Stage of Labor and its Complications

Retained Placenta

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Puerperium and its Complications

Normal Puerperium

Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

Pulmonary Edema in Pregnancy

Thromboembolism in Pregnancy

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnancy

Obstetric Emergencies

Shoulder Dystocia

Cord Prolapse

Obstructed Labor

DIC in Pregnancy

Obstetric Hysterectomy

Rupture Uterus

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Safe Motherhood/Epidemiology of Obstetrics

Maternal Mortality

Miscellaneous Topics during Antepartum and Intrapartum Period

Immunization in Pregnancy

Nutrition in Pregnancy

Labor Analgesia

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Pharmacotherapeutics in Obstetrics

Drugs in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Neonatal Resuscitation

Miscellaneous Topics of Obstetrics

Role of Genetics in Obstetric Practice

GYNECOLOGY CASE DISCUSSION

Primary Amenorrhea

Secondary Amenorrhea

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Fibroid uterus

Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Endometriosis

Adenomyosis

Infertility

Carcinoma Cervix

Endometrial Carcinoma

Carcinoma Ovary

OBSTETRICS CASE DISCUSSIONS

Antepartum Hemorrhage

Rh Negative Pregnancy

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss – I

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss – II

Twin Pregnancy

Fetal Growth Restriction

Hypertension in Pregnancy

Ectopic Pregnancy

Anemia in Pregnancy

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Cephalopelvic Disproportion

Previous Cesarean Section

Breech Presentation

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Scope of OBGYN after PG

• Maternal-fetal medicine specialists

High-risk pregnancies are managed by specialists in maternal-fetal medicine. They focus on the woman and baby’s health and may also manage challenging or high-risk deliveries like breech delivery.

• Reproductive endocrinologists

They are infertility specialists. They identify infertility issues and create treatment strategies. Several provide In-Vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments.

• Gynecologic oncologists

A doctor who focuses on treating cancer is known as an oncologist in medicine. Ovarian and cervical cancer are two examples of the cancers that gynecological oncologists treat.

• Female pelvic specialists

Specialists in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery concentrate on diseases and injuries of the pelvic floor and adjacent structures. They could conduct surgery to fix prolapsed pelvic organs, address incontinence, or offer pelvic floor physical therapy.

 

FAQs       

Q1. Who is an obstetrician-gynecologist?

Ans. An obstetrician-gynecologist is an expert in pregnancy and childbirth as well as female reproductive health. Some provide a broad range of general medical treatments, much like a primary care physician while some concentrate on the treatment of the female reproductive system.

Q2. Can a gynecologist deliver babies?

Ans. A gynecologist is an expert in the female reproductive system; he/she does not treat pregnant patients or assist in childbirth, instead, an obstetrician delivers babies. These two branches of medicine are frequently combined by students.

Q3. Can a male be a gynecologist?

Ans. Yes, many renowned gynecologists in the country and even across the world are male.

Q4. How many years does it take to become a gynecologist?

Ans. It takes around 7.5-8 years to become a gynecologist including 5.5 yrs of MBBS and 2 yrs of MD.

COVID-19 has devastated families, institutions, and livelihoods while also scarring those at the front lines who witness it every single day. The strain put on our mental health during COVID-19 cannot be understated and the lockdown spent watching the news during such a time of extreme crisis has pressured our mental health further. It can be helpful to take moments out of your day to truly reflect on COVID-19’s impact on education and the mental health of students that might be fractured at the moment.

For those looking to pursue medicine, seeing crippling amounts of pressure being put on the healthcare system might be personally worrying. However, it is especially important to consider the mental health of students at such a critical juncture. To help take care of your mental health during covid-19, keep the following tips in mind to reduce stress.

1. Free Headspace Subscription – Headspace is a US-based meditation app that announced a free subscription to all healthcare workers in India to tackle their mental health during COVID-19. Headspace has conducted numerous studies to reach the definitive conclusion that with just 30 days of guided meditation and practicing mindfulness, there has been a 30% stress reduction, greatly boosting mental health of students during COVID-19. If you are searching for a sense of peace in your days, consider signing up for Headspace.

2. Take Care of Your Health – It can be difficult to separate your own life from those you care for but finding time to ensure that you are getting the exercise and nutrition you need is essential for myriad reasons. Firstly, an adequate diet that is supplemented with vitamins and nutritious food is essential to building up your immune system, an important factor when amid a pandemic. Secondly, as physical and mental health during covid-19 are interrelated, exercise regularly, try and sleep for full 8 hours, and eat healthy.

3. Communicate Often – One of the best ways to destress and find a connection in an isolating time is to talk to other people. Be it friends, family, or a counselor, consider finding a connection and a way to unwind. Especially when considering COVID-19’s impact on the education and mental health of students during covid-19, these forms of socialization may provide a much-needed respite.

4. Limit News – The endlessness of social media coupled with the stress of news can seriously harm the mental health of students during covid-19 and adults alike. While we all must remain alert about further developments in the pandemic, limit the amount of time that you ingest news.

If you find moments of solace through submerging yourself into challenging but rewarding tasks, perhaps signing up for an online course is a good way to spend your day. To get started, click here to view DigiNerve’s medical course options.

DigiNerve is an online medical education platform by Jaypee Brothers, and it is here to solve all the tutoring needs of medical undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and professionals. It aims to provide top-notch content to improve concept-building, acquire clinical skills, and crack exams by top-class faculty, accessible anytime, anywhere.

There are four categories of courses offered by DigiNerve: UnderGrad, PostGrad, Professional, and Exam Prep.

UnderGrad Category includes courses for 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th year MBBS subjects:

• Microbiology for UnderGrads by Dr. Apurba S Sastry, Dr. Sandhya Bhat & Dr. Deepashree R
• Pathology for UnderGrads by Prof. Harsh Mohan, Prof. Ramadas Nayak & Dr. Debasis Gochhait
• Pharmacology for UnderGrads by Dr. Sandeep Kaushal & Dr. Nirmal George
• Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for UnderGrads by Dr. Gautam Biswas
• Ophthalmology for UnderGrads by Dr. Parul Ichhpujani & Dr. Talvir Sidhu
• Community Medicine for UnderGrads by Dr. Bratati Banerjee
• Pediatrics for UnderGrads by Dr. Santosh T Soans & Dr. Soundarya Mahalingam
• Orthopaedics for UnderGrads by Dr. Vivek Pandey
• Medicine for UnderGrads by Dr. Archith Boloor
• Surgery for UnderGrads by Dr. Sriram Bhat M
• OBGYN for UnderGrads by Dr. K Srinivas

Additionally, two combos are also available in the UnderGrads section,

• Basic Sciences Combo: This combo includes the second professional courses (Microbiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology) along with Clinics to provide them a clinical foundation in 2^nd prof.
• Clinical Combo: This combo includes Medicine, Surgery, OBGYN, Orthopaedics, Ophthalmology, Community Medicine, Pediatrics and Forensic Medicine & Toxicology course.

PostGrad Category includes PG specialisation courses:

• OBGYN MD by Dr. Aswath Kumar
• Dermatology MD by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar & Dr. S. Sacchidanand
• Ophthalmology MD by Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna
• Pediatrics MD by Prof. Piyush Gupta
• Medicine MD by Dr. Jyotirmoy Pal and Dr. Shashank R Joshi
• Surgery MS by Prof. (Dr.) Nilay Mandal

Professional Category includes the following courses:

• Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy by Dr. Sonal Panchal & Dr. Chaitanya Nagori
• Basics of Infertility & IUI Made Easy by Dr. Chaitanya Nagori & Dr. Sonal Panchal
• Ganga Videos on Spine Surgery by Prof. Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan, Dr. Ajoy Prasad Shetty & Dr. Rishi Mukesh Kanna
• Advance Course in Ultrasound and Infertility by Dr. Sonal Panchal and Dr. Chaitanya Nagori
• Critical Care Simplified by Dr. Yatin Mehta, Dr. Subhal Dixit, and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe
• Organ Donation Simplified by Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe and Dr. Rahul Pandit
• Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Simplified by Dr. Rasya Dixit, Dr. Urmila Nischal and Dr. K.C. Nischal

Exam Prep Category includes the following courses:

• Cracking MRCOG Part 1- Comprehensive Course by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 1- Mock Exam by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 2- Comprehensive Course by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 2- Mock Exam by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 3- Live OSCEs Engagement by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCOG Part 3- Non-Interactive OSCEs by Dr. Richa Saxena
• Cracking MRCP Part 1 by Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander and Dr. Archith Boloor

Why Choose DigiNerve?

The course content offered by DigiNerve is not only as per the respective curriculums but is also brought to students easily and interactively. The courses include highly illustrative video lectures, competitive self-assessment questions, progress analysis, and specially curated notes while always focusing on concept-based learning. Here are a few other aspects of DigiNerve that set it as the best guide a student can have during their Top Doc journey:

1. Esteemed Faculty: Each course on DigiNerve is curated and taught by Gold Standard Faculty in the respective field. For example, ‘Cracking MRCP Part-1’ is taught by the highly acclaimed Dr. Gurpreet Singh Wander and Dr. Archith Boloor, each of whom has published research papers and taught at renowned medical universities. Similarly, ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy’ is structured and mentored by the distinguished faculty, Dr. Sonal Panchal and Dr. Chaitanya Nagori, who have years of expertise and have published successful books on gynecology. Also, UG courses such as Microbiology for UnderGrads is taught by the maestro himself, Dr. Apurba S Sastry along with Dr. Sandhya Bhat & Dr. Deepashree R, Pathology for UnderGrads by Prof. Harsh Mohan, Prof. Ramadas Nayak & Dr. Debasis Gochhait. These faculties already have an irreplaceable place on the shelves of every medical student. Thus, all students can be assured that no matter which course they choose, DigiNerve has got their back.
2. Credible Content: Since all course content is structured by renowned faculty, all students get the latest medical breakthroughs, practically relevant material, clinical case demonstrations & discussions, and the benefit of over 50-year trusted medical legacy that Jaypee provides. All of this results in courses that have credible and valuable information to help students not only ace their medical and entrance exams but also develop their professional abilities as doctors.
3. Easy to Use: DigiNerve is designed to be as student-friendly as possible. With an efficient and detailed website and a virtual classroom experience that is based on interactivity, all students can access courses and navigate with ease. Further, students can learn from their respective courses and content anytime and anywhere via the DigiNerve App. The app also has other great features, such as the Continue Journey Widget, Split View option to access the video lectures and notes simultaneously, Video Indexing, and ‘Ask a doubt’ feature.
4. Specialization Courses: Apart from providing students with courses to help them crack competitive exams, DigiNerve also has specialized courses for doctors looking to hone in on a particular skill or for postgraduate students looking to enhance their practical knowledge. One such course is ‘Ultrasound in OBGYN Made Easy’. The course provides students with detailed knowledge of ultrasounds that is essential for gynecology and radiology practice. It also specifically teaches cutting-edge fetal medicine knowledge to help doctors reach a diagnosis.
5. International Certification: On completion of the specialized courses offered in Infertility and IUI and Ultrasound in OBGYN, DigiNerve facilitates internationally recognized certificates for its students. Thus, boosting their CV, opening doors for higher pay and international practice in the respective specialization. For some courses like the USG course, students on completion receive a certificate from the prestigious Ian Donald Inter-University School.

DigiNerve is unparalleled in the quality of courses offered, the range of material taught, the Gold Standard faculty that structure and teach the courses, and the easily navigable interface. Thus, giving students helpful courses at a competitive price that provide them with conceptual clarity, allowing them to excel in their exams, and also offering practical guidance.