Preparing for NEET PG requires a strong foundation in basic sciences, and Physiology is one of the most important subjects. Not only does it form the base for clinical subjects, but it also contributes a significant number of questions in the exam. If you are targeting a high rank, focusing on the important Physiology questions for NEET PG 2026 can give you a strategic advantage.

In this blog, we will cover high-yield topics, covered questions, Previous year question and frequently asked questions, to master Physiology effectively.

Q1. A 60-year-old male presents with dyspnea and pedal oedema. Echocardiography shows decreased ejection fraction. Which of the following is the most sensitive indicator of left ventricular function?

A. Stroke volume
B. Cardiac output
C. Ejection fraction
D. End-diastolic volume

Answer: C. Ejection fraction

Ejection fraction (EF) reflects the percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole. It is the best indicator of LV systolic function, commonly reduced in heart failure.

Q2. A patient has increased preload. According to Frank-Starling’s law, what will happen?

A. Decrease in stroke volume
B. Increase in stroke volume
C. No change
D. Decrease in contractility

Answer: B. Increase in stroke volume

Frank-Starling mechanism states that increased ventricular filling (preload) leads to increased myocardial stretch → stronger contraction → increased stroke volume.

Q3. A patient with hypertension is given a drug that decreases peripheral resistance. Which parameter will increase immediately?

A. Afterload
B. Stroke volume
C. Heart rate
D. Venous return

Answer: B. Stroke volume

Decreased peripheral resistance → decreased afterload → easier ejection → increased stroke volume. 

Q4. A patient at high altitude develops breathlessness. Which of the following shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right?

A. Decreased 2,3-BPG
B. Decreased CO₂
C. Increased temperature
D. Increased pH

Answer: C. Increased temperature

Right shift occurs with:

• ↑ CO₂
• ↑ Temperature
• ↑ 2,3-BPG
• ↓ pH

This facilitates oxygen unloading to tissues.

Q5. A premature baby develops respiratory distress syndrome. The primary defect is:

A. Increased surface tension
B. Decreased lung compliance
C. Surfactant deficiency
D. Increased dead space

Answer: C. Surfactant deficiency

Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension. Its deficiency leads to alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and respiratory distress.

Q6. A patient with pulmonary embolism has increased dead space. What does this indicate?

A. Decreased ventilation
B. Increased perfusion
C. Ventilation without perfusion
D. Perfusion without ventilation

Answer: C. Ventilation without perfusion

Dead space = ventilated but not perfused areas → classic in pulmonary embolism.

Q7. A patient with severe dehydration has reduced GFR. Which mechanism helps maintain GFR?

A. Afferent arteriole constriction
B. Efferent arteriole constriction
C. Increased Bowman pressure
D. Decreased plasma proteins

Answer: B. Efferent arteriole constriction

Angiotensin II causes efferent arteriole constriction, maintaining glomerular pressure and GFR.

Q8. A diabetic patient presents with glycosuria. This occurs when:

A. Plasma glucose <100 mg/dL
B. Plasma glucose >180 mg/dL
C. Insulin increases
D. GFR decreases

Answer: B. Plasma glucose >180 mg/dL

Renal threshold for glucose ≈ is 180 mg/dL. Above this, glucose appears in urine.

Q9. A patient develops metabolic acidosis. Which renal mechanism compensates?

A. Decreased H⁺ secretion
B. Increased bicarbonate excretion
C. Increased H⁺ secretion
D. Decreased ammonia production

Answer: C. Increased H⁺ secretion

Kidneys compensate by:

• ↑ H⁺ excretion
• ↑ bicarbonate reabsorption

Q10. A patient presents with muscle weakness. A defect in acetylcholine receptors is suspected. Site of action?

A. CNS synapse
B. Neuromuscular junction
C. Autonomic ganglion
D. Cerebellum

Answer: B. Neuromuscular junction

Acetylcholine acts at the NMJ to cause muscle contraction. Seen in conditions like Myasthenia Gravis.

Q11. A lesion in the cerebellum leads to:

A. Paralysis
B. Loss of coordination
C. Loss of sensation
D. Aphasia

Answer: B. Loss of coordination

The cerebellum controls coordination and balance, not strength.

Q12. In multiple sclerosis, conduction velocity decreases due to:

A. Axonal damage only
B. Demyelination
C. Increased synaptic transmission
D. Increased sodium channels

Answer: B. Demyelination

Myelin enables saltatory conduction. Loss → slowed conduction.

Q13. A patient with hyperparathyroidism will show:

A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hyperphosphatemia
D. Decreased bone resorption

Answer: B. Hypercalcemia

PTH increases:

• Bone resorption
• Calcium reabsorption
  → ↑ serum calcium

Q14. A diabetic patient is given insulin. Which effect is expected?

A. Increased gluconeogenesis
B. Increased glycogen synthesis
C. Increased lipolysis
D. Decreased glucose uptake

Answer: B. Increased glycogen synthesis

Insulin promotes:

• Glucose uptake
• Glycogen formation
• Fat storage

Q15. A patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome shows increased:

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. Somatostatin
D. Insulin

Answer: A. Gastrin

Gastrinoma → ↑ gastrin → excessive acid secretion.

Q16. A patient has fat malabsorption. Which substance is deficient?

A. Pepsin
B. Trypsin
C. Bile salts
D. Amylase

Answer: C. Bile salts

Bile salts are essential for fat emulsification and absorption.

Q17. Bohr effect refers to:

A. CO₂ transport
B. Shift of O₂ dissociation curve
C. RBC production
D. Haemoglobin breakdown

Answer: B

Bohr effect = effect of CO₂/pH on Hb-O₂ affinity.

Q18. Most effective buffer in the blood is:

A. Phosphate
B. Protein
C. Bicarbonate
D. Hemoglobin

Answer: C
The bicarbonate buffer system is the most important extracellular buffer.

Q19. A patient with hyperkalemia shows which ECG change?

A. Flattened T wave
B. Peaked T wave
C. Prolonged QT
D. ST depression

Answer: B

Hyperkalemia → peaked T waves, risk of arrhythmia.

Q20. Which condition increases 2,3-BPG?

A. Anemia
B. Hypoxia
C. High altitude
D. All of the above

Answer: D

All these conditions shift the curve to the right → improve oxygen delivery.

These important Physiology MCQs for NEET PG 2026 reflect:

• Clinical integration
• Concept-based learning
• PYQ patterns

To score high:

• Focus on mechanisms, not facts
• Practice clinical MCQs daily
• Revise high-yield topics multiple times