NEET-UG 2023: Counseling Schedule, Fee & More

NEET-UG 2023 counselling process has been started for admission to the medical undergraduate courses. Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) conducts the counseling for 15% AIQ, 100% Deemed Universities, Central Universities (Delhi University, AMU & BHU including Institutional/Domicile Quota), ESIC, AFMC (only Registration Part) & I.P University [VMMC & SJH AND ABVIMS & RML& ESIC Dental, Delhi (15% AIQ + 85% Institutional Quota)], 100% AIIMS, 100% JIPMER and B.Sc. Nursing (only Central Institutes). NEET Counselling 2023 application can only be submitted online on the MCC portal, and its application can only be filled out once.

Here’s the NEET-UG counselling 2023 schedule along with the NEET 2023 Counselling date, Counselling fee details, reservation policy, AIQ seats, and list of required documents.

NEET-UG 2023 Counselling Schedule (Central and State Counseling)

Counselling Round	Central Counselling (All India Quota/Deemed/Central Universities & Institutes)	State Counselling
1^st Round	20^th July 2023 to 28^th July 2023	25^th July 2023 to 4^th August 2023
2^nd Round	9^thAugust 2023 to 17^th August 2023	14^th August 2023 to 28^th August 2023
3^rd Round	31^st August 2023 to 7^th September 2023	7^th September 2023 to 18^th September 2023
4^th Round (Final)	21^st September 2023 to 25^th September 2023	23^rd September 2023 to 27^th September 2023

NEET UG Counselling 2023 Schedule (Round-wise)

Round 1 Counselling Schedule

Round 1 Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Verification of Tentative Seat Matrix by the Participating Institutes and NMC	20th July 2023 to 21st July 2023
Registration/Payment	20th July 2023 to 25th July 2023 (up to 12:00 PM) Payment facility will be available up to 08:00 PM of 25th July 2023
Choice Filling	22nd July 2023 to 27th July 2023 (up to 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	27th July 2023 (from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	27th July 2023 to 28th July 2023
Counselling Result	29th July 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	30th July 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	31st July 2023 to 4th August 2023
Verification of Joined Candidates Data by Institutes	5th August 2023 to 6th August 2023

Round 2 Counselling Schedule

Round 2 Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Verification of Tentative Seat Matrix by the Participating Institutes	7th August 2023 to 8th August 2023
Registration/Payment	9th August 2023 to 14th August 2023 (up to 12:00 PM) Payment facility will be available up to 08:00 PM of 14th August 2023
Choice Filling	10th August 2023 to 15th August 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	15th August 2023 (Starting from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	16th August 2023 to 17th August 2023
Counselling Result	18th August 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	19th August 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	20th August 2023 to 28th August 2023
Verification of Joined Candidates Data by Institutes	29th August 2023 to 30th August 2023

Round 3 Counselling Schedule

Round 3 Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Registration/Payment	31st August 2023 to 4th September 2023 (up to 12:00 PM) Payment facility will be available up to 4th September 2023 (till 08:00 PM)
Choice Filling	1st September 2023 to 5th September 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	5th September 2023 (from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	6th September 2023 to 7th September 2023
Counselling Result	8th September 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	9th September 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	10th September 2023 to 18th September 2023
Verification of Joined Candidates Data by Institutes	19th September 2023 to 20th September 2023

Stray Vacancy Round Counselling Schedule

Stray Vacancy Round Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Registration/Payment	21st September 2023 to 23rd September 2023 (till 12:00 PM) Payment facility will be available up to 23rd September 2023 (till 08:00 PM)
Choice Filling	22nd September 2023 to 24th September 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	24th September 2023 (from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	25th September 2023
Counselling Result	26th September 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	27th September 2023 to 30th September 2023

NEET-UG 2023 Counselling Fee

Candidates are required to submit two kinds of fees (Non-Refundable Registration Fee and Refundable Security Amount) at the time of registration for the counselling.

For 15% All India Quota/Central Universities (DU, AMU, BHU, and Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi)/AFMC& ESI/All AIIMS/JIPMER/B.Sc. Nursing

Non-Refundable Registration Fee: Rs. 1000/- for UR/EWS candidates & Rs. 500/-for SC/ ST/ OBC/ PwD candidates.
Refundable Security Amount: Rs.10,000/- for UR/EWS candidates & Rs. 5,000/- for SC/ST/OBC/PwD candidates.

For Example,

Any UR candidate opting for Central Universities/AFMC/ ESI will pay Rs. 1000 + Rs. 10,000= Rs. 11,000 at the time of registration.

Any SC/ST/OBC/PwD candidate will pay Rs. 500 + Rs. 5,000 = Rs. 5,500 at the time of registration.

For Deemed Universities,

Non-Refundable Registration Fee: Rs. 5,000/- (same for all candidates)
Refundable Security Amount: Rs. 2,00,000/-

For Example,

Any candidate opting for Deemed University will have to pay Rs. 5,000/- Non-Refundable fee + Rs. 2,00,000/- Refundable security amount at the time of at the time of registration.

List of Open Seats-Domicile Free

Open seats-domicile free includes:

15% All India Quota Seats MBBS/BDS Seats of States
100% MBBS/BDS Seats of BHU OPEN
AIIMS Open Seats- 100% MBBS Seats of AIIMS across India
JIPMER Open Seats (Puducherry/Karaikal)
AMU Open Seats
15% All India Quota Seats of DU/IP University (VMMC/ABVIMS/ESIC Dental)
Jamia Open Seats- Faculty of Dentistry (Jamia Milia Islamia)
15% All India Quota Seats of ESIC

Reservation Policy for NEET-UG Counseling

SC – 15%
ST – 7.5%
B.C. (Non-creamy layer) – 27%
EWS (as per Central Government norms) – 10%
PwD (Horizontal reservation as per NMC norms) – 5%

List of Documents required at the time of joining/reporting in allotted medical/dental/nursing college

Allotment Letter issued by MCC
Admit Card of Exam issued by NTA
Result/Rank letter issued by NTA
Date of Birth Certificate (if Metric Certificate does not bear the same)
Class 10th Certificate
Class 10+2 Certificate and Marksheet
Eight (8) Passport size photographs same as affixed on the application form
Proof of identity (Aadhar/PAN/Driving Licence/Passport)
SC/ST Certificate (if applicable)
OBC-NCL as per Central List certificate (if applicable)
Disability Certificate issued from a duly constituted and authorized Medical Board in an online format by the designated centres as per NMC norms (if applicable)
EWS Certificate (if applicable)
For NRI candidates following documents are mandatory:
- Passport copy of sponsorer, embassy certificate
- Sponsorship affidavit (stating that the sponsorer is ready to bear the expenses for the whole duration of the study)
- Relationship Affidavit (Relation of Candidate with the sponsorer)

Click here to know the complete detail about the NEET-UG entrance examination.

The main objectives of teaching biochemistry to undergraduate students are to help them comprehend the molecular foundation of life processes and to guide them toward using their newly learned knowledge to solve clinical issues. Biochemistry is among the pre-clinical subjects included in the first year of the MBBS curriculum. The subject is important in medical sciences as it provides a foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of various physiological processes and disease mechanisms. The study of Biochemistry helps us understand cellular and molecular processes, the basis for molecular biology and genetics, enzyme and their metabolic pathway, drug development, and pharmacology, clinical diagnostics, Immunology and vaccine development, personalized medicine, nutritional sciences, and understanding the latest advancements.

It lays a groundwork for other medical disciplines and is integral to understanding the basis of health and diseases. Biochemistry subject holds great significance as it is a central science that connects various disciplines, providing valuable insights into molecular and chemical processes. It provides valuable insights into the molecular and chemical processes that govern life, making it an indispensable subject in modern scientific research ad application.

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

From the 2019 batch onwards, the Biochemistry prof exam comprises two theory papers of 100 marks each and a practical examination of 100 marks. The theory exam consists of short answer questions, long answer questions, and application and case-based questions. The practical examination includes practical/clinical and viva.

Recommended books for Biochemistry include U. Satyanarayana & U. Chakrapani’s Biochemistry, Self-Assessment and Review of Biochemistry, Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry, and Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry.

Subject Weightage in NEET-PG and INI-CET

The Biochemistry subject in NEET-PG carries a weightage of about 10-15 questions whereas the INI-CET exam carries a weightage of around 10 questions. The ideal way of preparing for the NEET-PG and other competitive examinations is to plan a preparation strategy that balances between low and high-weightage modules and subjects.

Important and High-yielding Topics of Biochemistry for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

Enzyme

Classification

Enzymes

Effect of pH on enzyme

Markers enzymes and their significance

Allosteric enzymes

Isoenzymes

Ubiquitin proteasome pathway

Chemistry and Metabolism of Carbohydrates

Gluconeogenesis

Isomerism in carbohydrates

Glycogen and Glycogen Storage Diseases

RL Shunt

ETC Uncouplers

Oral glucose tolerance test

Chemistry and Metabolism of Lipids

Cholesterol

Mechanism of action of steroid hormone

Lipoproteins

Sphingolipids and Diseases

Beta oxidation of fatty acids

Biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids

Chemistry and Metabolism of Proteins

Protein structure

Oxygen saturation curve of Hb

Protein biosynthesis and inhibitors in Prokaryotes

Metabolism of Tyrosine & Tryptophan

Amino acid classification

Purine synthesis inhibitors

Urea cycle

Metabolism and Homeostasis

Biochemical significance of Vit. K

Acute intermittent porphyria

Lesch Nyhan syndrome

Jaundice

Molecular Biology

Recombinant DNA Technology

DNA fingerprinting

Genetic Code

DNA: Structure & Replication

DNA Damage & Repair Mechanism

Transcription and Translation

PCR types and applications

Gene regulation

Lac operon model

Types of RNA

Epigenetics & Genomic Imprinting

Marfan’s syndrome

Sickle cell anemia

Nutrition

Protein-energy malnutrition

Extracellular Matrix

Protein Targeting

Oncogenesis and Immunity

Tumor marker

Methotrexate drug

Oncogenes and protooncogenes

Onco-suppressor genes

Use of stem cells in medicine

Function Tests

Liver function tests

Kidney function tests

Thyroid function tests

Biochemical Laboratory Tests

Protein electrophoresis

ELISA

Southern blotting technique

Miscellaneous Topics

Aspirin

Diabetes Mellitus

Alkaptonuria

Cytochrome p450

Ketone bodies

Chemiosmotic theory of ATP generation

Ammonia Toxicity

Homocysteinemia

Immunoglobulins

Cell cycle regulation

Hybridoma technology

Fuel for body in fed, fasting & starvation

Types of vaccines

Type IV sensitivity

Glycemic index

Iron absorption and regulation

Hypersensitivity and types

Molecular basis of antibody diversity

Cell-mediated immune response

Hormone action

Biochemical basis of HIV

BMI

Other Important Topics of Biochemistry for MBBS Prof Exams

Briefly Discuss:

Role of glutathione in xenobiotics metabolism
Role of myoglobin in the body
Role of creatine in muscle
Phase 1 and Phase 2 reactions in Biotransformation
Inborn errors of aromatic acid metabolism
Diabetes and early cataract
Cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation
Role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis
Transamination and oxidative deamination
Carboxylation and oxidative decarboxylation
Biochemical changes during starvation
Significance of pentose phosphate pathway
Role of selenium in the human system
Mechanism of action of peptide hormone
Purine catabolism and disease in the pathway
Role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis
Role of clearance test in the diagnosis
Function of MHC protein 1 and 2 and role in organ transplant
Competitive and Non-competitive enzyme inhibition

Diagram/Flowcharts

DNA Structure
Protein Structure
Haemoglobin and O₂ dissociation curve
Collagen structure
Fluid mosaic model
PCR flowchart and applications
Structure of immunoglobin

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. What are the important topics of Biochemistry in MBBS?

Ans. The important topics for Biochemistry include DNA Structure, Gene regulation, Lac operon model, Types of RNA, Gluconeogenesis, Isomerism in carbohydrates, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, Glycogen and Glycogen Storage Diseases, Immunoglobins, Lipoproteins, Sphingolipids and Diseases, Protein-energy malnutrition, Protein Targeting, Collagen structure, Beta oxidation of fatty acids, Markers enzymes and their significance, Allosteric enzymes, Onco-suppressor genes, Liver function tests, Kidney function tests, Amino acid classification

Purine synthesis inhibitors, Thyroid function tests, and more.

Q2. Is Biochemistry subject important subject for NEET-PG?

Ans. Yes, every MBBS subject holds its significance in the NEET-PG exam. The Biochemistry subject in NEET-PG carries a weightage of about 10-15 questions.

Q3. Which are the recommended books of Biochemistry for MBBS students?

Ans. The recommended books for Biochemistry include U. Satyanarayana & U. Chakrapani’s Biochemistry, Self-Assessment and Review of Biochemistry, Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry, and Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry.

Q4. What are the core topics of Biochemistry in MBBS?

Ans. The core topics of Biochemistry includes Enzymes, Function tests, Chemistry and Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, & Proteins, Nucleotides and Nucleosides, Biochemical Pathway, Molecular Biology, Oncology, Immunity, Nutrition, and Metabolism.

Q5. Is Biochemistry hard in MBBS?

Ans. Biochemistry is pretty fascinating to read and understand whereas quite a hard subject to learn and memorize however, not all the modules and topics are difficult. The subject if studied in an interdisciplinary and step-by-step manner will make the concepts easy to understand and memorize.

Click here to know the important topics of Anatomy in MBBS.

Click here to know the important topics of Physiology in MBBS.

First-year courses lay the foundation for the path to becoming a doctor. As a result, each medical student should have a firm grasp of these subjects. You must familiarise yourself with the exam pattern and must know topics. The main objective of teaching physiology to undergraduate students is to give them a thorough grasp of the body’s organ systems so they may better comprehend the physiological causes of both health and disease.

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

The Physiology prof exam comprises two theory papers of 100 marks each and a practical examination of 100 marks. The theory exam consists of short answer questions, long answer questions, and application and case-based questions. The practical examination includes practical/clinical and viva.

Recommended books for Physiology include Textbook of Physiology by A.K. Jain, Principles of Physiology by Debasis Pramanik, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Southeast Edition) by John E. Hall, Michael E. Hall, and Crisp Complete Review of Integrated Systems Physiology by S Krishna Kumar.

Subject Weightage in NEET-PG and INI-CET

The Physiology subject in NEET-PG carries a weightage of about 15 questions whereas the INI-CET exam carries a weightage of around 10 questions. The ideal way of preparing for the NEET-PG and other competitive examinations is to plan a preparation strategy that balances between low and high-weightage modules and subjects.

Important and High-yielding Topics of Physiology for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

General Physiology

Homeostasis
Biofeedback mechanisms
Body fluid compartments
Types of active transport mechanism

Hematology

Physiological basis of anaemia
Immunity
Rh System – inheritance, Rh incompatibility & blood transfusion
Blood component therapy

Nerve Muscle Physiology

Classification of nerve fibres
Myasthenia gravis
Property of receptor
Property of synapse
Functions of basal ganglia
Power stroke
Sliding filament theory
Nernst Equation Calculation
Muscle contraction mechanism
Motor Units
Sleep
EEG Patterns
RCF Period
Golgi Tendon organs
Sarcomere
DC Recoupling

Respiratory Physiology

Role of Surfactant
Role of Haemoglobin
Hypoxia
Lung volumes & capacities
V/Q ratio
Respiratory center
Decompression sickness symptoms
Effects of lesions
Pulmonary Function
Stewart-Hamilton Law
Exercise Physiology

Cardiovascular Physiology

Generation & conduction of cardiac impulse
Cardiac cycle
Ionic basis of cardiac AP
Cardiac output
Pressure & volume changes during cardiac cycle
PV loop
Hagen-Poiseuille’s law
Reflexes: Brain Bridge
Anaemia

Renal Physiology

Role of kidney in acid – base balance
Clearance
GFR
Micturition denervation
Tubular functions & counter-current
Micturition and bladder types
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Glucose and water reabsorption
ADF, CSF Flow

Alimentary System

Pancreatic function tests
Composition of juices
GI Hormones
GI motility (MMC, BER)
H2 receptor blocker- pantoprazole
ORS composition
Secretion of HCl in stomach

Endocrine System

Parathyroid hormone
Pancreatic hormones
Physiology of aging
Pituitary (GH) hormones
Thyroid
Insulin

Reproductive Physiology

Menstrual Cycle
Menopause
Physiology of parturition& lactation
Oral contraceptives in females
Action of testosterone in different periods of male life
Contraception in females
Indicators of ovulation

Special Senses

Visual pathway
Eye movement
Visual accommodation
Phototransduction
Function of limbic system

Central Nervous System

Neurotransmitters
Shock
Types of Tactile receptor and adaptation phenomenon
Hypothalamus and its functions
Types of memory
Ascending tracts
Brief functions of cerebellum and Cerebellar disorder

Miscellaneous Topics

Cardio-respiratory changes in exercise
Effects of ‘g’
High and low barometric pressures
Clinical features of Parkinson disease
Role of hypothalamus in thermal regulation
Gate control theory of pain
Atherosclerosis in hypothyroidism
Muscle weakness in case of hypokalaemia
Diabetes
Cushing syndrome
Referred pain
LH surge
Decereberate rigidity
Addison’s disease
Abnormal planter reflex
Amenorrhea
Graves’ disease
Conn’s syndrome
Impedance matching
Declarative memory
Acromegaly
Mechanism of colour perception
Posture and its regulation
Heat intolerance in hyperthyroidism
Weber’s test
Pathways in perception of pain
Length-tension relationship
Role of placenta as endocrine organ

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the major topics of Physiology in MBBS?

Ans. The important topics of Physiology include Shock, Power stroke, Sliding filament theory, Nernst Equation Calculation, Menstrual Cycle, Lung capacities and lung ratio, reflexes, visual pathway, HbO2 curve, cardiac output, phases of cardiac cycle, JGA, functions of cerebellum, Clearance, Exercise Physiology, and more.

Q2. Is Physiology a subject important for NEET PG?

Ans. Yes, every MBBS subject holds its significance in the NEET-PG exam. The Physiology subject in NEET-PG carries a weightage of about 15-17 questions.

Q3. Which are the recommended books of Physiology for MBBS students?

Ans. The recommended books of Physiology for MBBS students include Textbook of Physiology by A.K. Jain, Principles of Physiology by Debasis Pramanik, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Southeast Edition) by John E. Hall, Michael E. Hall, and Crisp Complete Review of Integrated Systems Physiology by S Krishna Kumar.

Click here to know the important topics of Anatomy in MBBS.

In India, there are around 783 medical colleges with over 1,63,111 seats. There are a total of about 706 colleges that offer MBBS degree for over 1,08,248 seats. It is always a confusing question for students to opt for which college during the NEET Counselling procedure. NIRF Ranking comes here to the rescue and helps you find out the top Indian medical colleges. NIRF Ranking is the National Institutional Ranking Framework by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.

The NIRF provides an approach for classifying educational institutions across the nation. In order to determine the broad criteria for rating different colleges and institutions, the process is based on the general suggestions and broad understanding reached by a Core Committee established by MHRD. The criteria include a broad range of parameters, including “Teaching, Learning, and Resources”, “Research and Professional Practices”, “Graduation Outcomes”, “Outreach and Inclusivity”, and “Perception”. These five parameters again are sub-categorised and every sub-category holds a percentage in calculating the overall score of the medical college.

List of top medical colleges in India according to the NIRF Ranking 2023

Rank No.	Name	City	State	Score	Institute ID
1	All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi	New Delhi	Delhi	94.32	IR-D-N-15
2	Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	81.10	IR-D-U-0079
3	Christian Medical College	Vellore	Tamil Nadu	75.29	IR-D-C-45654
4	National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences	Bangalore	Karnataka	72.46	IR-D-U-0236
5	Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research	Puducherry	Pondicherry	72.10	IR-D-U-0368
6	Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham	Coimbatore	Tamil Nadu	70.84	IR-D-U-0436
7	Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences	Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	69.62	IR-D-N-33
8	Banaras Hindu University	Varanasi	Uttar Pradesh	68.75	IR-D-U-0500
9	Kasturba Medical College, Manipal	Manipal	Karnataka	66.19	IR-D-C-7242
10	Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	65.24	IR-D-U-0266
11	Madras Medical College & Government General Hospital	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	64.43	IR-D-C-49008
12	King George`s Medical University	Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	63.93	IR-D-U-0523
13	All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur	Jodhpur	Rajasthan	62.43	IR-D-U-0689
14	Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital	New Delhi	Delhi	61.73	IR-D-C-32922
15	Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth	Pune	Maharashtra	61.35	IR-D-I-1110
16	Siksha `O` Anusandhan	Bhubaneswar	Odisha	60.66	IR-D-U-0363
17	All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar	Khordha	Odisha	60.65	IR-D-U-0688
18	Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	60.61	IR-D-I-1441
19	St. John’s Medical College	Bengaluru	Karnataka	60.49	IR-D-C-40453
20	S.R.M. Institute of Science and Technology	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	60.47	IR-D-U-0473
21	Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	60.44	IR-D-I-1486
22	All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh	Rishikesh	Uttarakhand	60.06	IR-D-U-0691
23	Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences	New Delhi	Delhi	59.59	IR-D-U-0106
24	Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research	Kolkata	West Bengal	58.49	IR-D-C-16428
25	Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research	Wardha	Maharashtra	58.48	IR-D-U-0295
26	Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology	Bhubaneswar	Odisha	57.39	IR-D-U-0356
27	All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna	Patna	Bihar	57.30	IR-D-U-0686
28	Aligarh Muslim University	Aligarh	Uttar Pradesh	56.92	IR-D-U-0496
29	Jamia Hamdard	New Delhi	Delhi	56.36	IR-D-U-0107
30	Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore	Mangalore	Karnataka	56.30	IR-D-C-7251

The list above includes the overall ranking of all the medical colleges, may it be government, private, deemed to be, or autonomous colleges, institutes or universities.

Before choosing a seat during counselling, one must go through the college ranking and other details to find the best medical college for them. Along with the colleges mentioned above, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune is also considered to be among the best for pursuing an MBBS degree. Some of the colleges mentioned above are also on the list of best medical colleges in the world. However, ranking alone should not be the sole influencing factor when making a choice for medical college. Other factors that should be considered include finances, tuition fees and additional college charges, college location, living/accommodation, and much more.

Getting admission into the top medical colleges is quite a challenging task. You must attain a very high score in the entrance examination to get your dream college. From starting your preparation with a reliable study plan to maintaining work-life balance and time management, everything holds great significance in scoring well. You must begin your preparation early so that you cover the entire syllabus and later get appropriate time for revision and mock exams.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. How are NIRF scores calculated?

Ans. The NIRF scores are calculated based on the five-set parameters that include Teaching, Learning & Resources, Research Productivity, Impact and IPR, Graduation Outcome, Outreach, and Inclusivity and Perception. These parameters compute a score under each sub-category. The percentages of points assigned to each category are used to calculate the total score. The maximum value for the total score is 100.

Q2. Which is the No. 1 medical college in India?

Ans. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) located in Delhi is the No.1 medical college in India.

Q3. How to get admission into top medical colleges for pursuing MBBS/MD/MS degree?

Ans. You can get admission into the top medical colleges by attempting and scoring high in the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test. For admission to MBBS or other medical undergraduate degrees, you need to attempt the NEET-UG entrance examination, and for admission to MD/MS postgraduate degree, you need to attempt the NEET-PG entrance examination.

Q4. How many rounds of Counselling are there in NEET-UG 2023?

Ans. There are four rounds of NEET-UG 2023 Counselling – Round 1, Round 2, Round 3 and Stray Round. The NEET-UG Round 1 counselling has been started from 20^th July 2023.

Q5. What is the validity of NEET results?

Ans. The NEET results are valid only for one year, i.e., an ongoing academic year.

Q6. Who is eligible for the NEET state quota?

Ans. Aspirants with a valid domicile and residency proof of a particular state and avail the state quota of the respective state. Also, an aspirant must possess all other relevant documents for the NEET-UG Counselling process, such as admit card, valid photo ID proof, marksheet of grades 10^th and 12^th, provisional allocation letter and more.

The Organ Donation Simplified online course aims to educate healthcare professionals about the organ donation procedure and give the necessary personnel training. The course is designed by eminent healthcare experts and educators, Dr. Rahul Pandit and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe.

The course is meant to provide comprehensive knowledge of the Organ Donation discipline to medical students pursuing DNB Critical Care, MD Anesthesia, MD Critical Care, and MS specializations. Along with PG students, the course is also highly beneficial for medical professionals including healthcare practitioners at critical care units of hospitals, transplant fellowship students and doctors, and Neuro-critical care doctors. The nurses, social workers, and paramedics involved in organ donation can also access the course to upskill themselves.

Key Features of the Course

The course includes organ donation video lectures that provide you with apt knowledge regarding the organ donation process.
The concise lecture notes help candidates quickly review the major concepts discussed during the lectures.
Additionally, self-assessment questions are provided after each lecture to gauge the level of student comprehension.
To stay current with the latest developments in the field of organ donation, full articles and benchmark studies based on evidence.

Organ Donation Simplified Course Includes:

Video Lectures
Concise Notes
Self-Assessment Questions
Complete Articles and Evidence-based Benchmark Trials

Benefits of Enrolling in the Organ Donation Simplified Online Course

The collection of videos focuses on family bereavement counselling, donor identification, donor optimization, and legal issues of donation providing you with the desired outcomes of the course.
It includes lectures by renowned faculty across the nation on topics such as donor identity and declaration, brain-dead donor optimization, and medicolegal concerns related to cadaver organ donation, and getting guidance from the esteemed faculty enhances your clinical skills and problem-solving capabilities.
The course provides the methodology used to determine when it is possible to donate a deceased person’s organs.
Medical practitioners are also provided with accurate guidance about good and bad communication which helps them to efficiently counsel and communicate.
This course will enhance medical practitioners’ contact with the general population by enhancing awareness of ethical standards, cultural and religious issues, and the logistics of the organ donation procedure.
The online Organ Donation course provides detailed information and knowledge about the medico-legal aspects of organ donation.

Table of Contents – Critical Care Simplified Course by Dr. Rahul Pandit and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe

Orientation to the Course: Organ Donation Simplified

Complete Articles: Journal Scans

Defining Brain Death & THOA Law

Benchmark Trials

Selection of Cadaver Donor

Brain Death Testing- How I Do It

Concept of Brain Stem Death and Brain Stem Death Testing

Medico-Legal Aspects of Cadaver Organ Donation

Caveats in Brain Death

Donor Optimization

Ancillary Tests in Brain Death

Role of the Transplant Coordinator in Organ Donation

Grief Counseling & Asking for Organ Donation

Management of Brain-Dead Donor- Special Situations (MLC/Infections/Consent Issues/Legal Issues)

Role Play of Good and Bad Communication

Decoupling in Organ Donation

Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD) Concept and Feasibility in India

Our Esteemed Chief Editors of the Course

Dr. Rahul Pandit

Dr. Rahul Pandit is an eminent doctor and critical care specialist. He is acknowledged as a specialist in brain death and organ donation in India and a pioneer in the field of critical care echocardiography. His significant educational qualifications include MD, FCICM, FJFICM, EDIC, FCCP, FICCM, and DA. Dr. Pandit is currently affiliated as Chair Critical Care at Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and all Reliance Health care Initiatives, Mumbai, Maharashtra. Apart from clinical practice, Dr. Pandit is involved in medical research and education. Dr. Rahul Pandit as an esteemed faculty and Chief Editor of the Organ Donation Simplified Course at DigiNerve provides medical students with comprehensive training for the organ donation process. As he is prominent in managing complex cases and critically ill patients, his guidance to aspiring doctors is highly embraced.

Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe

Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe is a highly accomplished and respected medical professional, known for his expertise and contributions in various areas of healthcare. Throughout his career, Dr. Zirpe has added significant educational qualifications to his name including MD Chest, FICCM, and FSNCC. He is currently serving as a Head and Director at Neuro Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra. As a respective intensivist, he has been affiliated with the leading healthcare facilities, where he has played a pivotal role in critical care management, ensuring the best possible outcomes for patients with life-threatening conditions. Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe is currently serving as a Secretary at the Sepsis Forum. Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe as an esteemed faculty and Chief Editor of the Critical Care Simplified course at DigiNerve shares his wealth of knowledge and expertise with aspiring medical students. He leverages his expertise to make a significant impact on medical education, critical care management, and scientific advancements.

According to the latest notification released by the National Medical Commission (NMC), the National Exit Exam (NExT) has been deferred until further notice from the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. The notification released by NMC stated, “All the stakeholders are hereby informed that the National Exit Test (NEXT) examination is deferred on the advice of the Ministry, dated 11.07.2023, till further directions from the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (Dr. Pulkesh Kumar) Secretary, NMC.”

Deferring the NExT exam created a lot of confusion in the minds of students regarding the upcoming changes, mock/practice tests, rescheduling of mock exams, mock exam paid fees, refunds, and much more.

In reference to the above news, AIIMS released a notification on 18^th July 2023, confirming the cancellation of the NExT mock/practice test which was scheduled for 28^th July 2023. The notification released by the AIIMS stated, “It is hereby informed that as per the communication received from NMC and the decision of the competent authority, the Mock/Practical Test of the National Exit Test (NExT) scheduled to be held on 28^th July 2023 stands cancelled.”

The notification stated above was also released by AIIMS in reference to its previous NExT mock test notice stating “In reference to Notice No. 124/2023 dated 26th June 2023, the online applications were invited from 28th June 2023 for Mock/ Practice National Exit Test (NExT) on behalf of the National Medical Commission (NMC) from Final Year students pursuing MBBS courses in Medical Colleges/Institutes in India.”

The application fee for the mock test was fixed at Rs. 2000 for the General and OBC category candidates, whereas, for SC, ST, and EWS candidates, the application fee was Rs. 1000. No application fee was charged from the PwD candidates who registered for the mock test.

After cancelling the NExT mock/practice test, AIIMS initiated the refund process for the candidates who had registered and paid the fees. Also, the AIIMS notified that the registration cost will be returned in due course to the appropriate account from which payment has been made.

AIIMS confirmed the refund process through another notification stating “The refund process of registration fees of candidates who have registered and paid fees for the Mock/Practice National Exit Test (NExT) has been initiated, and the registration fee will be refunded in due course of time in the respective account from which payment was made.”

The notification released by AIIMS on its official website cleared all the confusion and questions regarding the Mock Test.

We’ll keep you updated with the upcoming NMC guidelines or news regarding the NExT exam and the AIIMS NExT mock test.

Critical Care Simplified is a professional course designed by the acclaimed Chief Editors, Dr. Yatin Mehta, Dr. Subhal Dixit, and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe along with India’s 48 distinguished faculty. This course has been endorsed by the Sepsis Forum. The course aims to give students and healthcare professionals a thorough grasp of critical care medicine and anesthesia procedures.

The course is designed in such a way as to meet the learning requirements of DNB Critical Care students, MD Anesthesia students, MD/DNB Emergency Medicine students, MD medicine students, Junior Residents, and Senior Residents in terms of Critical Care and Anesthesia discipline.

Key Features of the Course

The entire spectrum of complexity, from patient evaluation to emergency interventions, is covered in the course.
It improves the ability to give critically sick patients the best care possible and safely deliver anesthesia in diverse clinical situations.
It provides access to engagement activities like Regular Chat Shows, Journal Clubs, and recent advancements.
The course provides a detailed color-coded Interactive drug formulary concerning critical care with easy searchability.
The course keeps the students updated with the latest guidelines including the benchmark clinical trials.

Critical Care Simplified Course includes:

Video Lectures
Notes
Self-Assessment Questions
Benchmark Trials
Color-Coded Interactive Drug Formulary
Engagement Activities including Chat Shows

Benefits of Enrolling in the Critical Care Simplified Online Course

To improve participants’ abilities and competencies in handling critically sick patients, this online professional course on critical care blends theoretical information, case studies, and interactive learning exercises.
In addition to concentrating on certain organ systems throughout the course, you will study a variety of critical care topics including resuscitation, trauma treatment, hemodynamic instability, neurological crises, and sepsis management.
You will learn about the most recent developments in monitoring methods, infection control regimens, and critical care treatments. The course additionally emphasizes the value of good interdisciplinary critical care team communication and collaboration.
The course also includes advanced topics including anesthesia and sedatives, organ donation, and ethical and end-of-life concerns in severely sick patients.
You are engaged and encouraged to gain a better grasp of critical care and anesthesia principles through interactive modules, video lectures, notes, and self-assessment questions.
Additionally, a drug formulary is included in the curriculum to give students easy access to a variety of medications especially when on ward rounds.
Every significant medication used for the severely ill has been covered in this, along with key indications, contraindications, doses, and popular brand names.
The course will provide you with the knowledge, information, and abilities require to properly administer anesthesia in a variety of clinical situations and give the best care possible to critically sick patients.

Table of Contents – Critical Care Simplified Course by Dr. Yatin Mehta, Dr. Subhal Dixit, and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe

Orientation to Critical Care and Anesthesia

Metabolic Emergencies

Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis

Endocrine Emergencies

Pharmacotherapeutics

Antifungal Drugs

Insulin and Oral Anti-diabetic Agents

Antiviral Drugs

Antibiotic Classification and pK/pD & Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobials Against Gram-Negative Organisms

Antimicrobials Against Gram-Positive Organisms

Fluids and Diuretics (Colloids, Crystalloids)

Central Nervous System (CNS) Drugs

Renal Drugs

Respiratory Drugs Used in Bronchial Asthma & COPD

Hematological Drugs

Gastrointestinal Disorders & Drugs

Steroids and Immunotherapy

Cardiovascular (CVS) Drugs

Resuscitation

Ethical and End-of-Life Issues in Critically Ill Patients

Organ Donation

How to Break Bad News and Communication

Management After Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest

Prognostication after Cardiac arrest

Cardiac Arrest (Including BLS/ACLS)

Obstetric Critical Care

Anatomical and Physiological Changes in Pregnancy

Embolic Shock in Pregnancy (Fat Embolism, Amniotic Fluid Embolism)

Major Obstetric Hemorrhage – Shock: The Ten Commandments Approach

Maternal Sepsis and Septic Shock: Bundled Approach

Cardiomyopathies in Pregnancy (Septic Myocarditis)

Hypertensive Emergencies in Pregnancy

HELLP Syndrome & HELLP – AFLP Complex: Management

The Cardiovascular System

Approach to Pulmonary Embolism

Bedside Echocardiography in ICU

Tachyarrhythmias & Bradyarrhythmias

Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiovascular Physiology

Severe Hypertension and Hypertensive Emergencies

Acute Coronary Syndromes (Pathophysiology, NSTEMI, ST-elevation MI)

Cardiovascular Monitoring

The Gastrointestinal System

Practical Approach to Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Radiology in Critical Care Settings

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Acute Abdomen in Critically Ill Patients

Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract

Acute Hepatic Failure

Acute on Chronic Hepatic Failure

Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Diarrhoea and Constipation in Critically Ill

Skin and Connective tissues

Connective Tissue Disorders in ICU

TEN and Steven Johnson Syndrome

Necrotizing Fasciitis and Cellulitis

Burns

Principles and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in ICU

Nutrition in sepsis

Micronutrients in Nutrition Therapy in Sepsis

Nutritional Support During Sepsis – A Dynamic Phenomenon

Metabolic Changes During Sepsis

Central Nervous system

Intracranial Hemorrhage

Neuroradiology

Peripheral Nerve Diseases and Myasthenia Gravis

Brain Stem Death Declaration and Optimization of Donor

Meningitis and Encephalitis

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

Non-Traumatic Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage

Status Epilepticus

Delirium (Causes, Assessment, and Management)

Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Multimodal Neuromonitoring

Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology (Brain, Spine, CSF)

Trauma Management: An Orchestrated Endeavor

Fat Embolism

Intra and Inter Hospital Transport of Critically Ill Patients

Rapid Response Teams for Critically Ill

Shock in Trauma

Spinal Cord Injury

Managing Airway in Trauma

Multiple Casualties and Disaster Management in Emergency

Traumatic Brain Injury

Management of Polytrauma in Critical care

The Hematological System

Hematological Therapies (Blood Product Therapy and Apheresis in the ICU)

Laboratory Monitoring (Cells, Coagulation Monitoring)

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Toxicology including Envenomation

An Overview of Organophosphorus Poisoning

Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning

Sedative Hypnotic Poisoning/Psychotropic Drug Poisoning

Snake Envenomation and Management

Paracetamol and Acute Alcohol Toxicity

Renal System

Renal Replacement Techniques (CRRT, Hemodialysis, SLEDD)

Normal Physiology of the Renal System

Acute Kidney Injury and Management

Drug Formulary

About Our Esteemed Chief Editors of the Course

Dr. Yatin Mehta

Dr. Yatin Mehta is a highly respected and renowned medical professional in the field of critical care medicine. With an impressive background and extensive experience, Dr. Mehta has made a significant contribution to the medical community. His vast knowledge and skill in the medical field have been honed through years of academic pursuit and practical experience. He has earned multiple qualifications including MD, MNAMS, FRCA, FAMS, FIACTA, FICCM, and FTEE. Currently, Dr. Mehta is the Chairman of Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology at Gurugram, Haryana. As a President of the Sepsis Forum, The Simulation Society. Dr. Yatin Mehta continues to make significant contributions to the field of critical care medicine with a particular focus on sepsis management. Through his expertise, research endeavors, and commitment to patient care, he is an inspiration to aspiring healthcare professionals. Dr. Yatin Mehta through DigiNerve’s Critical Care Simplified course provides medical students with the apt knowledge and guidance that paves the way to becoming a skilled Critical Care Specialist.

Dr. Subhal Dixit

Dr. Subhal Dixit is a distinguished medical professional who has made significant contributions to healthcare through his expertise and qualifications. Dr. Dixit has added several prestigious qualifications to his name including MD, IDCCM, FICCM, FCCM, and FICP.

As an esteemed faculty and Chief Editor at DigiNerve for the Critical Care Simplified course, he plays a vital role in shaping the next generation of medical professionals by imparting his knowledge and expertise through teaching, mentoring, and guiding aspiring healthcare practitioners. Dr. Dixit is also a Director, Critical Care at the Department of Intensive Care, Sanjeevan and MJM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra. He also serves as Treasurer at the Sepsis Forum. His groundbreaking research, exceptional clinical skills, and commitment to patient care have earned him the utmost respect and admiration from colleagues, patients, and the wider medical community.

Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe

Radiology is one of the most fascinating and rapidly growing fields of medical sciences. It is a branch of science that deals with radiation and imaging techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses and diseases. Radiology is the quintessential illustration of how technology is used in medical services. Radiology is a booming science for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A physician specializing in Radiology is called a Radiologist.

A radiologist is a medical professional who conducts and interprets various diagnostic/interventional imaging studies, organizes, and conducts research and teaching activities and is well-versed in medical ethics and legal aspects of imaging/interventions. Radiologists generally specialize in the areas, such as pediatric radiology, oncology radiology, Neuroimaging, or interventional radiology.

Branches of Radiology

There are three main radiology branches, Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology, and Radiation oncology.

Diagnostic Radiology

This branch of radiology deals with diagnosing the cause of symptoms, monitoring the response of the body to the treatment, and screening for illnesses. The common diagnostic exams in radiology include:

X-Rays
Fluoroscopy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Computed Tomography (CT)
Mammography
Ultrasound
PET
Nuclear Medicine, etc.

Interventional Radiology

This branch of radiology deals with the application of imaging for diagnosing and treating medical conditions while inserting catheters, wires, and other instruments and tools into the body. It includes the treatment of tumors, blockages in arteries and veins, fibroids, etc. The common interventional radiology procedures include:

Tumor ablation
Needle biopsy
Breast biopsy
Angiography or Angioplasty
Embolization, etc.

Radiation Oncology

This branch of radiology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer/tumor cells. This helps in pain management and routine monitoring during and after cancer treatments.

Steps for Becoming a Radiologist

The answer to the ‘How to become a Radiologist?’ question is well elaborated below for all aspiring radiologists and medical students:

Step 1: You must have completed the senior secondary education and have earned a minimum of 50% in each of the four major subjects—Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English—in the 12^th standard from an accredited board.

Step 2: You must pass the NEET-UG entrance exam and go through the admission procedures to get admitted to a medical college which is a prime requirement for becoming a radiologist. NEET-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test- Undergraduate) is a single window entrance exam to get admission to MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BUMS, BHMS, and other undergraduate medical programs at approved/recognized Medical/Dental/AYUSH and other Colleges/Deemed Universities/Institutes (AIIMS & JIPMER) in India.

Step 3: Complete your MBBS undergraduate degree from an MCI-recognized college along with completion of one year of compulsory rotational internship.

Click here to get conceptual clarity in the MBBS subjects.

Step 4: You can opt for MD in Radiodiagnosis or MD in Radiation Oncology as a PG specialty to become a radiologist. Admission to MD courses is done based on the marks scored in the PG entrance examination. NEET-PG is a national-level entrance examination for admission to MS/MD/PG Diploma programs at various government and private universities whereas INI-CET is a national-level entrance examination for admission to MS/MD/DM (6 years)/MCh (6 years) and MDS courses at the INI Institutes, which includes AIIMS, JIPMER, etc.

You also have the option to pursue DNB courses in the Radiology discipline after cracking the DNB-PDCET entrance examination or PG Diploma courses in Radiology.

Step 5: Complete your 3-year full-time PG degree in Radiology from an MCI-recognized college/institute.

Step 6: Complete your residency program and experience the diversified field of Radiology and get your license to practice in India.

Step 7: Clear the NEET-SS entrance examination to pursue the super specialization degree such as DM in Interventional Radiology and DM in Neuroradiology.

To gain expertise and explore the highly diversified specialty, you can also go with fellowship and certification courses in the Radiology discipline.

List of Radiology Subspecialties

This diversified medical specialty, Radiology has various subspecialties, such as:

Gastrointestinal Radiology
Uro-radiology
Neuro-radiology
Vascular Radiology
Musculoskeletal Radiology
Interventional Radiology
Emergency Radiology
Cardiovascular Radiology
Pediatric Radiology
Breast Imaging
Radiation Oncology

Skills Required for Becoming a Radiologist

To become a successful radiologist, one should acquire the following skills:

Able to independently conduct and interpret all routine and special radiologic and imaging investigations.
Independently carry out and interpret any radiologic and imaging study, regular and unique.
Able to provide radiological services, including medicolegal considerations, in immediate emergencies and trauma situations.
Identify the indications, diagnostic characteristics, and application limitations of CT, MRI, and ultrasonography, and be able to explain the best cost-effective imaging method for a particular scenario.
Choose the different image-guided interventional techniques that will be used for diagnostic and therapeutic treatment.
Collaborate with other experts and specialists to ensure that the patient receives the most benefit possible and the best treatment.
Should be competent to plan CME events in the specialty using contemporary teaching and assessment techniques.
Obtain the necessary expertise to instruct postgraduate students in both traditional radiography and contemporary imaging methods, ensuring that they are fully qualified to practice, teach, and do research in the broad field of radiology.
Able to significantly interpret the images on all imaging modalities of diseases of the organs of the system such as the Musculoskeletal system, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, CNS, Urogenital System, and more.
Proficient and skilled at performing procedures including, GIT Contrast studies, Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, DSA, and a lot more.

In case you aspire to have a career in Radiation Oncology, you must also be skilled in the following:

Demonstrate your ability to identify and treat all cancers, paying particular attention to your capacity to maintain interdisciplinary collaboration using the most recent medical and radiation oncology standards.
Exhibit the capacity to deal with any emotional problems that patients and families may be experiencing concerning the diagnosis, treatment, end-of-life care, and mortality from cancer.
Create effective community-wide promotional and preventative care programs to lessen the financial burden of treating cancer and create awareness.

Scope and Salary of a Radiologist in India

Over the past century, clinical radiography has revolutionized medicine and is at the cutting edge of medical technology. You have the opportunity to pursue a fascinating and diversified career in clinical medicine, teaching, and research with this specialty.

Every field of medicine relies on Radiology for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, may it be Surgery, Pediatrics, Oncology, Trauma, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and more.

The average salary of a radiologist ranges from 5-10 lakhs per annum in the beginning. The salary package of a radiologist escalates with expertise and other factors such as geographical area, area of employment, and more.

Radiologists have an opportunity to work in both private and government hospitals, imaging centers, diagnostic laboratories, and other healthcare facilities with the Radiology department. They can work both as part-time and full-time medical professionals. When it comes to opening one’s own radiology clinic/imaging centres, it becomes one of the highest-paying medical specialties. Although the setup for the facility is quite high because of the high-priced technological equipment and machines but it’s worth it. Other career prospects include Academician, Researcher, Medical Writer, and more.

If you want to make a career in the Radiology field, you also have the option to pursue B.Sc., M.Sc., or Diploma courses in the Radiology discipline. The job profiles associated with these Radiology degree programs are Radiology Technician, Radiology Assistant, Radiographer, Ultrasound Technician, MRI Technician, and more.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Is radiologist a good career option?

Ans. Yes, Radiology is one of the most fascinating and rapidly growing fields of medical sciences. It is the quintessential illustration of how technology is used in medical services. Radiology is a branch of science that deals with radiation and imaging techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses and diseases.

Q3. Which institute is best for Radiology?

Ans. AIIMS, JIPMER, KGMU, CMC Vellore, AFMC Pune, and Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham are among the best institutes for pursuing Radiology.

Q2. Can I do MD after BSc radiology?

Ans. No, for pursuing MD in Radiology specialty you need to have an MBBS degree from an MCI-recognized medical college. After doing B.Sc. Radiology, you can pursue an M.Sc. degree in the Radiology discipline.

King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow is one of the oldest and finest medical institutions in India. It is ranked 12^th position in the medical field according to NIRF Ranking, 2023, and has been awarded a NAAC A+ grade. It is among the most preferred choices to study for all medical students.

The university offers admission to various undergraduate, postgraduate, diploma, super specialty, post-Ph.D. course in medical, dental, health and allied, nursing, and other paramedical disciplines.

In the medical sector, the university has over 1200 undergraduate students and more than 500 postgraduate students along with 50+ Doctoral students. The university also runs several diploma and PG diploma courses.

MBBS Course at KGMU, Lucknow

KGMU, Lucknow is among the best medical institute for MBBS in India. MBBS is a five and a half year course full-time undergraduate course in the medical sciences. It also includes one year of compulsory rotational internship.

Number of Seats: There is a total of 250 MBBS seats at KGMU, Lucknow.

Eligibility Criteria: You must have completed your 12^thstandard with a minimum of 55% marks in each of the major subjects, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English from an accredited board.

Admission Process: The admission to MBBS course at KGMU is done based on the marks scored in the NEET-UG exam and the category-wise NEET-UG merit list.

Counselling Procedure: The counselling procedure is done based on the NEET UG merit list under the All India Quota (AIQ) and UP State Quote. 15% of the total seats are filled under the AIQ quota and 85% of the seats are filled under the U.P. State Counselling.

Curriculum: The course structure is solely based on the CBME curriculum and runs on the guidelines laid down by the Medical Council of India (MCI). The course curriculum includes theory lectures, practical sessions, ward postings, case demonstration sessions, workshops, conferences, and more.

Fee Structure for MBBS Course at KGMU, Lucknow:

Particulars	Fee (in Rs.)
Admission Form Fee	100 (one-year)
Admission Fee	18,000 for General Category and 9000 for SC/ST/OBC Category (every year)
Other Fee	4000 (every year)
Development Fee	2000 (every year)
Enrollment Fee	1000 (one-time)
Computer Fee	500 (one-time)
Examination Fee	6,000 (per examination)
Marksheet Charges	1000 (per marksheet)
Entrance Fee	2000 (one-time)
Caution Money (Refundable)	10,000 (one-time)
Foundation Course Fee	1000 (one-time)
Student Welfare Fee	1000 (one-time)
Library Fee	2000 (at the time of examination)
Athletic Association Fee	100 (one-time)
Alumni Fee	1000 (one-time)

Hostel Fee at KGMU for MBBS Students:

The following are the hostel charges for the MBBS students at KGMU, Lucknow:

Hostel Charges:

Single Occupancy: Rs. 3600 per year
Double Occupancy: Rs. 2400 per year

Electricity Charges:

Single Occupancy: Rs. 3500 per year
Double Occupancy: Rs. 2500 per year

MD/MS Courses at KGMU, Lucknow

MD/MS is a full-time three-year postgraduate course. MD is a Doctor of Medicine and MS is a Master of Surgery.

Eligibility: You are eligible to get admission to MD/MS courses only after completion of an MBBS degree along with an internship.

Admission Process: Admission to various Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Master of Surgery (MS) courses at KGMU is done based on the marks scored in the NEET-PG exam and the category-wise NEET-PG merit list.

Counselling Procedure: The counselling is done based on the NEET PG merit list under the All India Quota (AIQ) and UP State Quote. 15% of the total seats are filled under the AIQ quota and 85% of the seats are filled under the U.P. State Counselling.

Curriculum: The course curriculum devised by MCI is followed by the KGMU. Along with theory classes and practical sessions, PG students must serve the Junior Residency. Junior Residents are trained and given hands-on training in emergencies related to their specialty, in- and out-patient management, ward procedures, community services, workshops, teaching skills, and a lot more. The PG students also do rigorous research and have to write a thesis.

MS students are given specialized training in surgery principles, and they are also trained to operate under supervision.

List of PG Specialization along with the number of seats:

S. No.	PG Specialization	Number of Seats
1	MD Anaesthesia	42
2	MD Anatomy	11
3	MD Biochemistry	2
4	MS ENT	5
5	MD Forensic Medicine	9
6	MD Obstetrics and Gynecology	30
7	MD Medicine	15
8	MD Microbiology	15
9	MS Ophthalmology	8
10	MS Orthopaedic	16
11	MD Pediatrics	26
12	MD Pathology	20
13	MD Pharmacology	26
14	MD Physiology	18
15	MD PMR	4
16	MD Psychiatry	12
17	MD Radiodiagnosis	9
18	MD Radiotherapy	6
19	MD in Traumatology & Surgery	5
20	MD SPM	10
21	MS Surgery	24
22	MD TB Chest	15
23	MD Hospital Administration	2
24	MD Immunology & Blood Transfusion	3
25	MD Emergency Medicine	5

Fee Structure of PG (MD/MS) Courses at KGMU, Lucknow

Particulars	Fee (in Rs.)
Admission Form Fee	100 (one-year)
Admission Fee	24,000 (every year)
Other Fee	4000 (every year)
Development Fee	2000 (every year)
Electricity Charges	6000 (every year)
Central Library	2000 (every year)
Examination Fee	30,000 (one-time)
Examination Application Fee	500 (one-time)
Marksheet Charges	1000 (per marksheet)
Proforma Charges	1000 (one-time)
Entrance Fee	2000 (one-time)
Caution Money (Refundable)	10,000 (one-time)
Investment Fee	1000 (one-time)
Student Welfare Fee	1500 (one-time)
Athletic Association Fee	100 (one-time)
Alumni Fee	1000 (one-time)
Training Fee	24,000 (every year)

No hostel charges are applicable for MD/MS students.

Superspeciality Courses (DM/MCh) at KGMU, Lucknow

Admission to the DM/M.Ch courses at KGMU is done through the NEET-SS entrance examination. You need to qualify for the entrance examination with a competitive score and get into the merit list to be eligible to sit in the counselling round. Then depending on the merit, you get admission to your chosen specialty.

List of DM Courses along with Number of Seats

S.No.	DM Courses	Number of Seats
1	D.M. Cardiology	8
2	D.M. Clinical Haematology	3
3	D.M. Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology	5
4	D.M. Critical Care Medicine	5
5	D.M. Geriatric Mental Health	3
6	D.M. Medical Gastroenterology	5
7	D.M. Neurology	8
8	D.M. Pulmonary Medicine	2

List of M.Ch. Courses along with the Number of Seats

S.No.	M.Ch. Courses	Number of Seats
1	M.Ch. Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery	2
2	M.Ch. Endocrine Surgery	2
3	M.Ch. Neurosurgery	8
4	M.Ch. Pediatric Surgery	2
5	M.Ch. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	4
6	M.Ch. Surgical Gastroenterology	3
7	M.Ch. Surgical Oncology	6
8	M.Ch. Urology	6
9	M.Ch. Pediatric Orthopaedics	3

List of PDCC & Fellowship Courses

S.No.	Department	Name of Course	No. of Seats
1	Trauma Surgery	PDCC in Trauma Surgery	5
2	Surgery (General)	Fellowship in Ano-rectal Surgery	2
		Fellowship in Thoracic Surgery	2
		PDCC in Breast Surgery	2
		PDCC in Head & Neck Surgery	2
		PDCC in Minimal Invasive Surgery	2
3	Physiology	Fellowship in Chronomedicine	2
4	Medical Gastroenterology	PDCC in Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopy	1
4	Medical Gastroenterology	PDCC in Hepatology	1
5	Critical Care Medicine	PDCC in Critical Care Medicine	6
6	Plastic Surgery	Fellowship in Hand and Microsurgery	2
		Fellowship in Burn & Reconstructive Surgery	2
		Fellowship in Craniofacial Surgery	2
7	Clinical Hematology	Fellowship in Clinical Hematology	2
8	Neurosurgery	Fellowship in Neuro-Endoscopy	2
9	Ophthalmology	Fellowship in Medical & Surgical Retina	1
		Post Graduate Fellowship in Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology	2
		Fellowship in Oculoplasty	1
10	Neurology	Fellowship in Tropical Neurology & Infectious Diseases	1
11	Pediatrics	Fellowship in Pediatric Oncology	1
12	Obstetrics & Gynecology	PDCC in Reproductive Medicine	2
		Fellowship in Gynecological Oncology	2
		PDCC in Fetal Medicine	2
13	Anesthesiology	PDCC in Cardiac Anaesthesia	2
		PDCC in Critical Care	8
		PDCC in Neuro Anaesthesia & Neuro Critical Care	2`
		PDCC in Pediatric Anaesthesia	1
		PDCC in Pain Management	1
14	Medicine	PDCC in Diabetology	2
		PDCC in Infectious Diseases (Medicine)	3
		PDCC in Hepatobiliary Sciences	2
15	Microbiology	PDCC in Infectious Diseases (Clinical Microbiology)	3
16	Cardiology	Post-DM Fellowship in Interventional Cardiology	2
17	Pediatric Orthopaedic	Fellowship in Pediatric Orthopaedic	2
18	Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine	PDCC in Interventional Pulmonary	4
		Fellowship in Sleep Medicine	4
		PDCC in Pulmonary and Critical Care	4
19	Orthopaedic Surgery	PDCC in Arthroplasty	2
19	Orthopaedic Surgery	PDCC in Spine Surgery	2
20	Psychiatry	Fellowship in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry	2
21	Sports Medicine	Fellowship in Sports Medicine	1
22	Pathology	PDCC in Oncosurgical Pathology	1
22	Pathology	PDCC in Hematopathology	1

Apart from medical courses, the KGMU also offers courses in the other branches of medical and paramedical sciences.

List of Courses in Dental Sciences at KGMU:

BDS
MDS
Diploma in Dental Hygienist
Diploma in Dental Mechanics

List of Paramedical Courses at KGMU:

Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technician
Diploma in O.T. Technician
Diploma in Emergency and Trauma Care Technician
Diploma in Optometry
Diploma in Physiotherapy
Diploma in Dialysis Technician
Diploma in Cardiology Technician
Diploma in X-ray Technician
Diploma in MRI Technician
Diploma in C.T. Scan Technician
Diploma in Sanitation
Diploma in Radiotherapy Technician

Other courses include Master in Hospital Administration, Post Ph.D. programs, M.Phil Clinical Psychology, M.Phil in Translational Health Science, Dietician Internship course, B.Sc., and M.Sc. Nursing, and Diploma in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing.

Fellowship Entrance Test (FET) is a single-window entrance examination for admission to various fellowship (FNB) courses. It is a qualifying cum ranking examination. The FET exam is conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS). The main goals of NBEMS are to administer high-quality exams across India and raise the bar for postgraduate medical education in modern medicine.

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for appearing in the FET entrance examination are different for Indian and International students.

Eligibility Criteria for Indian Students:

You must fulfill the following criteria in order to be eligible for FET courses:

You must have a recognized PG medical degree/Provisional pass certificate (MD/MS/DM/MCh/ DNB/DrNB) or an equivalent recognized qualification.
You must have completed the eligible feeder qualification for the particular fellowship course you want to pursue.
The deadline for meeting the requirements for the MD, MS, DM, MCh, DNB, and DrNB degree in order to be considered eligible to appear in the FET exam is December 31, of the academic year.
Registration with the NMC or State Medical Council is required, and written documentation of that registration must be shown at the testing location on the exam day.
No age restriction applies to students enrolled in NBEMS Fellowship courses.

Eligibility Criteria for International Students:

As an International student/Foreign National, you must fulfill the following criteria:

You must possess a PG medical qualification equivalent to the eligible feeder qualification for the fellowship course you want to pursue.
The deadline for meeting the requirements for the eligible feeder PG medical degree in order to be considered eligible to appear in the FET exam is December 31, of the academic year.
You must be a registered medical practitioner and your qualification must be registered in your country as well as recognized as per the NMC Act, 2019.
You as a Foreign National must get the security clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India for appearing in FET.
You are granted a temporary registration for the duration of your course and thereby a visa support letter is issued by NBEMS to facilitate a valid travel visa and travel medical insurance.
You are required to obtain a ‘No Objection Certificate’ from your Medical Council/Government to appear for the exam and work in India for the period of Fellowship. After obtaining the NOC, you are entitled to get your valid travel documents including visa and passport.
You must keep all your documents safe to produce them at the time of counselling.
There is no age restriction for applying to the fellowship courses.

List of NBEMS Fellowship Courses offered through FET Entrance Examination

List of FNB Courses along with Eligibility Feeder Qualification (For Indian Students)

S. No.	Name of Fellowship Course	Prior Eligibility Qualification
1	Arthroplasty	DNB/MS (Orthopaedics)
2	Bariatric Surgery	MS/DNB General Surgery (At least three years of experience in General Surgery/ Minimal Access Surgery after post-graduation is required)
3	Breast Imaging	MD/DNB Radiodiagnosis
4	Cardiac Electrophysiology	DM/DNB/DrNB Cardiology
5	Fetal Radiology	MD/DNB Radiodiagnosis
6	Head and Neck Oncology	MS/DNB General Surgery MD/DNB Otorhinolaryngology MCh/DNB/DrNB Surgical Oncology MCh Head and Neck Oncology
7	Hand & Micro Surgery	DrNB/MCh Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery DNB/MS Orthopaedics DNB/MS General Surgery
8	Infectious Disease	DNB/MD General Medicine MD Tropical Medicine
9	Interventional Cardiology	DrNB/DM (Cardiology)
10	Liver Transplantation	DrNB/MCh (GI Surgery)
11	Maternal & Foetal Medicine	DNB/MD/MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology
12	Minimal Access Surgery	DNB/MS General Surgery
13	Minimal Access Urology	MCh/DNB/DrNB Urology
14	Pediatric Gastroenterology	DNB/MD Pediatrics
15	Neurovascular Intervention	DrNB/MCh Neurosurgery DrNB/DM Neurology DM Neuroradiology DNB/MD Radiodiagnosis
16	Onco-Anaesthesia	DNB/MD Anaesthesia
17	Pain Medicine	DNB/MD Anaesthesia
18	Pediatric Anaesthesia	DNB/MD Anaesthesia
19	Pediatric Hemato-Oncology	DNB/MD Pediatrics
20	Pediatric Nephrology	DNB/MD Pediatrics
21	Pediatric Urology	MCh/DNB/DrNB Urology MCh/DNB/DrNB Pediatric Surgery
22	Renal Transplant*	MCh/DNB/DrNB Urology MS/DNB General Surgery with three years of experience in a renal transplant centre (Only Renal Transplant Specialty Board Certified Centres are approved for this experience)
23	Reproductive Medicine	DNB/MD/MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology
24	Spine Surgery	DNB/MS Orthopaedics DrNB/MCh Neurosurgery
25	Sports Medicine	DNB/MS (Orthopaedics)
26	Transplant Anaesthesia	DNB/MD Anaesthesia
27	Trauma Anaesthesia & Critical Care	DNB/MD Anaesthesia
28	Trauma & Acute Care Surgery	DNB/MS (General Surgery) DNB/MS (Orthopaedics) DrNB/MCh (Neurosurgery) DNB/MD (Anaesthesiology)
29	Vitreo Retinal Surgery	DNB/MS (Ophthalmology)

List of FNB Courses along with Eligibility Feeder Qualification (For International Students)

S. No.	Name of Fellowship Course	Prior Eligibility Qualifications
1	Arthroplasty	DNB/MS (Orthopaedics)
2	Hand & Micro Surgery	DrNB/MCh Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery DNB/MS Orthopaedics DNB/MS General Surgery
3	Interventional Cardiology	DrNB/DM (Cardiology)
4	Maternal & Foetal Medicine	DNB/MD/MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology
5	Minimal Access Surgery	DNB/MS General Surgery
6	Neurovascular Intervention	DrNB/MCh Neuro Surgery DrNB/DM Neurology DM Neuroradiology MD/DNB Radiodiagnosis
7	Paediatric Hemato-Oncology	DNB/MD Pediatrics
8	Reproductive Medicine	DNB/MD/MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology
9	Spine Surgery	DNB/MS (Orthopaedics) DrNB/MCh (Neuro Surgery)
10	Trauma & Acute Care Surgery	DNB/MS (General Surgery) DNB/MS (Orthopaedics) DrNB/MCh (Neuro Surgery) DNB/MD (Anaesthesiology)
11	Vitreo Retinal Surgery	DNB/MS (Ophthalmology)

FET Exam Scheme

Particular	Description
Type of Questions	Objective type questions
Total Duration of the Exam	105 minutes (Part A – 45 minutes and Part B – 60 minutes)
Total Number of Questions	100 (divided into two parts; Part A and Part B)
Marking Scheme	+4 is given for every correct answer and -1 is deducted for every incorrect answer

FET Question Paper/Exam Pattern

The FET question paper will have two parts: Part A and Part B in which Part A has 40% weightage and Part B has 60% weightage.
A separate question paper will be there for each fellowship course/clubbed group.
In Part A, questions from the eligible feeder specialty/specialties from the particular fellowship course will be asked.
In Part 2, questions from the concerned fellowship or group of clubbed fellowship courses will be asked.

List of Fellowship Courses which have been clubbed together are mentioned below:

S. No.	Fellowship Courses have been clubbed together
1	a. Pediatric Hemato-Oncology b. Pediatric Gastroenterology c. Pediatric Nephrology
2	a. Reproductive Medicine b. Maternal and Foetal Medicine
3	a. Spine Surgery b. Sports Medicine c. Arthroplasty
4	a. Paediatric Anaesthesia b. Onco-anesthesia c. Transplant Anaesthesia d. Trauma Anaesthesia & Critical Care e. Pain Medicine
5	a. Interventional Cardiology b. Cardiac Electrophysiology
6	a. Minimal Access Surgery b. Bariatric Surgery

FET Examination Fee

FET Examination Fee for Indian Students: Rs. 4250
FET Examination Fee for International Students: 44250 (Examination Fee of Rs. 37500 + 18% GST)

The payment gateway charges are extra for both Indian and International students. Please make sure that the payment for the examination fee has been received as indicated by the letter “S” (for successful) in the application form’s payment status field. Until the payment status is indicated as “s” on the application form, the application submission procedure is not complete.

FET Application Form

The following are the steps to fill FET application form online:

Fill out the user registration form to create a password and a user ID/application ID.
Email and SMS will be used to send the User ID and Password.
Fill out the application form completely, and submit your photo, scanned signature, thumbprint, and other documents.
Select your test city and pay the exam fee.
Accept the declaration and submit the application.
Print off the completed application form with the Transaction ID and “S” (Successful) payment status for your records.

Instructions for Uploading the Image

You must have the scanned images of the photograph, thumb impression, and signature ready as per the specifications while applying for the FET application form.

A. Photograph: You are required to upload two photographs; one is a real-time photograph and the other is a recent photograph.

1. Real-time photograph: It is taken by the in-built camera or webcam of the system while filling out the application form. The following things should be taken care of while taking real-time photographs:

You must be dressed in formal attire sitting or standing against a white background.
You should be visible in the image with a full face, ears, neck, and shoulder, and eyes open.
Avoid wearing any accessories.
After getting adjusted to the correct position, click on the ‘Capture Photo’ button in the application form.

2. Recent Photograph: Upload a recent photograph and it should not be more than 3 months old. You can get your recent photograph clicked using a digital camera, and then transfer it to the computer/laptop. The following things should be taken care of while taking and uploading your recent photograph:

You must be dressed in formal attire.
The background must be white, and the photograph should be coloured.
Avoid wearing spectacles, make-up, ornaments, and any other accessories.
The image must be very clear.
Image size should be less than 80kb and in .jpg/.jpeg format.
Digital enhancements or other alterations are strictly not allowed.

B. Signature: The digital image of the signature can either be taken by using a digital device to directly image or by scanning the signature. Draw a box of 5 cm (height) x 3.5 cm (width) size on a plain white sheet and sign within this box with blue/black ink. You can click the image and transfer it to the system, or you can directly scan the signature using the scanner attached to the system. The following things should be taken care of while taking and uploading your signature:

While editing and uploading the digital image of the signature, use the auto-correct feature of the image editing software if required to get a clear image. Crop and resize the image to 20-100 kb.
While scanning and uploading the signature, set the scanner to 200 dpi and save the scanned image in .jpg/.jpeg format. Crop and resize the box area to less than 80kb

C. Thumb Impression: You can upload the thumb impression either by using a digital device (Camera) or by directly scanning the impression. Draw a box of 5 cm (height) x 3.5 cm (width) size on a plain white sheet. Make sure your hands are clean and completely dry. Now gently press your left thumb against the blue/black ink pad and take a horizontal print of your thumb within this box. You can click the image and transfer it to the system, or you can directly scan the signature using the scanner attached to the system. The following things should be taken care of while taking and uploading your signature:

While editing and uploading the digital image of your thumb impression, crop and resize the image to 20-100 kb.
While scanning and uploading your thumb impression, set the scanner to 200 dpi and save the scanned image in .jpg/.jpeg format. Crop and resize the box area to less than 80kb.

Admit Card

You can download the admit card from the NBEMS official website and affix the photograph to the space provided.

Exam Centres for FET

The following is a tentative list of the exam centre cities for Indian and International students:

Ahmedabad/Gandhinagar
Bengaluru
Bhilai Nagar
Bhopal
Bhubaneswar
Chandigarh/Mohali
Chennai
Delhi NCR
Guwahati
Haldwani
Hamirpur (HP)
Hyderabad
Jaipur
Jammu
Kolkata
Lucknow
Mumbai
Nagpur
Panjim/Madgaon
Patna
Shillong
Thiruvananthapuram
Visakhapatnam

Demo Test

Students may access a demo exam on the website https://nbe.edu.in to get an idea of the structure of the computer-based test. during the exam month.

Result and Counselling

You need to score a minimum of 50^th percentile marks in the respective specialty question paper to be considered as ‘Qualified’.
The FET results are released in the month of February and the scorecards for the same can be downloaded from the NBEMS website through applicant login.
There is no re-evaluation or re-checking or re-totaling.

Validity of FET Result

The validity of the FET result is only for the current admission year, i.e., the year of the examination, and is not carried forward to the next session.

Tie-Breaker Criteria

In case two candidates score the same marks for a particular fellowship course, the following tie-breaker criteria are applied in the order:

Student with less number of wrong responses are placed at higher positions.
Student with a high score in Part B of the question paper is placed in a higher position.
Student with less number of wrong responses in Part B of the question paper is placed in a higher position.
Students older in age are placed in higher positions.
Candidates having higher aggregate marks in all MBBS Professional Exams are placed in higher positions.

Publication of Merit List

There will be a distinct merit list for each fellowship course, which will be announced by NBEMS.

No equating, scaling, or normalization is permitted.
The merit will only be determined by the student’s final grade and the use of the established tie-breaking procedures.
For the Fellowship Programme for International Students (FPIS), there will be distinct merit lists for each specialization.

Selection and Counselling

Admission to FNB courses is done through Centralized Merit Based Counselling conducted by NBEMS. The schedule of counselling for the academic year and related information is displayed on the NBEMS official website at the very time.

Medical Examination

The acceptance of a student into an NBEMS-certified institution through Centralized Merit-Based Counselling is contingent upon the student’s medical fitness being evaluated by the approved hospital or institution. The Medical Board of the relevant NBEMS-accredited institution is responsible for the student’s medical examination. Only those students who pass the medical exam are deemed fit to enroll in the FNB programme.

Documents to be Produced at the Time of Counselling

For Indian Students:

MBBS Degree Certificate
Eligible Post Graduate Medical Qualification issued on or before 31st December of the prior academic year (MD/MS/DNB/DM/MCh/DrNB Degree Certificate/Provisional Pass Certificate).
A self-attested printed copy of the NMC website confirming your additional PG Degree qualification being ‘Recognized’.
If your additional PG Degree is not listed as ‘Recognized’, then you can produce any of the following at the time of counselling: An additional Qualification Registration Certificate (AQRC) issued by NMC, or an Additional Qualification Registration Certificate (AQRC) issued by State Medical Council + IMR Certificate issued by NMC wherein said additional PG Degree qualification is registered.

For International Students:

Primary Medical Qualification Degree/MBBS Degree
PG Medical Qualification Degree Certificate
PG Medical Qualification Registration Certificate issued by the Medical Council of the respective country
NOC by Medical Council/Government for appearing for exams and pursuing Fellowship in India
Security Clearance from Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India
Valid travel document (Passport) and valid permission (visa)

Upon being assigned an FNB seat, a temporary registration with the National Medical Commission in New Delhi, India, for the entire duration of the FNB course should be obtained.

Academic Programme and Training of the FNB (Fellow of National Board) Students

The FNB training is a residency-based training and employment programme in which the FNB trainee performs the tasks of a Senior Resident while also completing a demanding academic curriculum to advance his knowledge and abilities.

Fellowship Course Fee and Stipend

Fellowship Course Fee:

For Indian Student: INR 1,25,000/-
For International Students from SAARC Nations: INR 1,25,000/-
For International Students from Non-SAARC Nations: USD 5000

Stipend: The minimum stipend given to FNB trainees as per NBEMS guidelines 2022 is Rs. 41,000/- in the first year and it increases to Rs. 43,000/- in the second year.

Fellowship Exit Examination Pattern

Theory Examination:

There is one theory question paper of 100 marks.
The question paper comprises 10 short notes of 10 marks each.
The duration of the exam is 3 hours.
You need to score at least 50% marks, i.e., 50 out of 100 marks to qualify for the theory exam.

Practical Examination:

The practical exam comprises clinical examination and viva.
Evaluation is made from a total of 300 marks.
The practical exam is conducted at different FET exam centres, which is notified to the

students separately after the theory exam.

Marking Scheme of the FET Exit Examination

Both the theory and practical examination results are released at the same time. To pass the Fellowship Exit Exam, the student must receive 200 out of a possible 400 marks (theory and practical), with at least 50% marks in the theoretical portion of the exam.

Result Declaration

A qualifying examination, the Fellowship Exit Exam results are declared as PASS/FAIL. Students who complete their studies successfully in all respects can get an FNB qualification certificate.

Chapter 3 of the NExT Exam 2023 update comprises the objective, distribution and level of questions, paper and distribution of subjects, and proposed schedule of both NExT step 1 and 2.

NExT Step 1

Objective

This step is a computer-based exam with multiple choice questions aimed to ensure objectivity and address a higher level of knowledge assessing the competencies of a medical graduate.

Distribution and knowledge level of Questions

Majority of items must assess higher level comprehension, analytical skills, and clinical problem-solving that are in line with competencies to assure evaluation of higher domains of medical learning.
The NExT Step 1 style is meant to discourage medical students from rote learning.
Case studies and clinical case studies will make up the majority of the test; MCQ questions will be allocated roughly as follows across all subjects:
- Problem-solving and analytical skill types – 60% – 70%
- Comprehension type- 20% – 30%
- Recall type- 05% – 15%

The level of knowledge necessary to get skills will be roughly
- Must Know: 60%
- Nice to Know: 30%
- May Know: 10%

Pattern and Distribution of Subjects

Six subject papers with corresponding weightage and time allocation will be included in the NExT Step 1 exam.
Applied features of all other MBBS subjects, including forensic medicine and toxicology (FMT) as well as community medicine, will be mainstreamed within the pertinent clinical subjects.
The subjects are listed below along with their appropriate item weightings and time allotments:

Papers	Subjects	No. of Items	Duration
1	Medicine & allied subjects	120	3.0 hours
2	Surgery & allied subjects	120	3.0 hours
3	Obstetrics & Gynecology	120	3.0 hours
4	Pediatrics	60	1.5 hours
5	Otorhinolaryngology	60	1.5 hours
6	Ophthalmology	60	1.5 hours

Proposed Time Schedule of Papers

Day	Subject	Duration	Break	Subject	Duration
1	Medicine & allied subjects	3.0 hours	2.0 hours	Paediatrics	1.5 hours
2	No Examination
3	Surgery & allied subjects	3.0 hours	2.0 hours	Otorhinolaryngology	1.5 hours
4	No Examination
5	Obstetrics & Gynaecology	3.0 hours	2.0 hours	Ophthalmology	1.5 hours

NExT Step 2

Objective

This step shall be a clinical/practical examination to be conducted after the successful completion of the internship. The objective of this step is to evaluate the competencies of the medical graduates in clinical diagnosis, patient and clinical decision-making, and practical and communication skills.

Evaluation Methods

The examination will comprise Actual cases, Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), and Simulations if possible.

There will only be two levels of grading available: “Competent” or “Pass”/”Not Competent” or “Fail” depending on the likelihood of satisfactory performance or unsatisfactory performance.

Distribution of Subjects

The following subjects shall be evaluated during NExT Step 2:

Medicine and allied subjects
Surgery and allied subjects
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pediatrics
Otorhinolaryngology
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PMR)

Time Schedule

The schedule and modalities of NExT Step 2 shall be decided by the National Medical Commission and the respective authorized Universities/Institutions after completion of the internship and the price of the admission process for the Postgraduate Courses of that year.

Time Schedule of NExT Examination and associated events

Proposed Time Schedule:

S.No.	Event	Commencement Date of Exam	Completion Date
1	NExT Step I Regular	May/November	1st week June/December
2	III MBBS /FINAL MBBS PART 2 Practical / Clinical University Examination	1st Week June/December	3rd Week June/December
3	Internship	1^st Week January/July	31st December/30th June of the following year
4	NExT Step 2 Regular	3rd Week June/December	4th Week June/December
5	NExT Step 2 Supplementary	1st Week September/March	3rd Week September/March
6	Post Graduate Admission	May-June (Counselling)	30th June
7	Postgraduate Course	1^stJuly/1st Week January	—

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 1 (Preliminary)

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 2 (Broad Outline)

The Chapter 2 of the NMC Update describes the broad outline of the National Exit Exam, including general features of steps 1 and 2, NExT scores, nature of scores, minimum passing score, etc.

General Features of the NExT Exam

The NExT Exam shall comprise two separate exams referred to as “Steps”.

Step 1: Theoretical Examination

Step 2: Practical/Clinical and Viva Voce Examination

NExT Step 1

1.NExT Step 1 shall be a theoretical and Computer-based/Online examination.

2. It shall comprise one or more types of multiple-choice questions.

3. This shall be a Centralized Common All India Examination that will be held by a body designated by the commission as the conducting authority.

4. The examination shall include six papers covering topics from both Part 1 and 2 of the III MBBS/Final MBBS programme:

Medicine and allied disciplines
Surgery and allied disciplines
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pediatrics
Otorhinolaryngology
Ophthalmology

(Applied aspects of all subjects covered under I MBBS and II MBBS and Applied aspects of all subjects covered under III MBBS/Final MBBS Part l)

5. Students who have completed their III MBBS/Final MBBS course from a recognized medical college shall be eligible to appear for the examination.

6. NExT Step 1 Examination shall be held twice a year in the months of May and November tentatively.

7. There shall be no restriction on the number of attempts to participate in NExT Step 1 provided that the candidate has completed both the NExT Step 1 and NExT Step 2 exams within ten years of enrolling in the MBBS Course.

8. There is no cap on the number of times for attempting the NExT Step 1 Regular Examination to improve your score but you can only go for the improvement after completing your NExT Step 2.

9. The III MBBS/Final MBBS Part 1 and III MBBS/Final MBBS Part II Practical/clinical examinations will continue to be held conventionally unless otherwise stated by the Commission and the NExT Step 1 will replace the traditional university/institutional Theory Examinations of the III MBBS/Final MBBS Part II.

NExT Step 2

1. The NExT Step 2 shall be a Practical/Clinical and viva voce examination comprising seven clinical subjects/disciplines:

Medicine and allied disciplines
Surgery and allied disciplines
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pediatrics
Otorhinolaryngology
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics and PMR (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

2. The exam shall be objectively structured, clinical case-based, and use simulated cases and patients to evaluate practical and clinical skills as well as clinical decision-making and communication abilities expected of an Indian medical graduate.

3. The exam must be taken in person or live, and it must be administered by the relevant state health universities or institutions in accordance with the norms and directives given by the Commission. The Commission will choose the university or institution that is permitted to conduct NExT Step 2 for the relevant colleges where there are no state health universities.

4. The Regular NExT Step 2 Exam shall be held twice a year.

5. A NExT Step 2 Supplementary Examination is only open to candidates who have failed in one or more (up to three) of the seven subjects and are required to repeat specific subjects. It will be held twice a year. If a candidate fails in more than three subjects, then they will have to appear in supplementary exams of all the seven subjects.

7. As long as the candidate has completed both the NExT Step 1 and NExT Step 2 Examinations within ten years of enrolling in the MBBS programme, there is no restriction on the number of attempts to participate in NExT Step 2.

NExT Scores

1. Nature of Scoring

The marks in NExT Step 1 must be calculated as a whole number, which will serve as the Raw Scores with the proper decimals. Also, equivalent Percentages (marks out of a maximum of 100) with the proper decimals may then be calculated.
The outcomes of the NExT 2 exams will only be reported as Pass/Fail depending on the acquisition of the relevant competence that is being evaluated.

2. Minimum scores for passing

The minimum score to pass shall be 50% of the total or half of the maximum possible Raw for NExT Step 1.
To pass the NExT Step 1 exam, you must receive a minimum of 50% (50 out of 100) in each of the six papers or half of the maximum possible Raw Scores.
The requirements for passing NExT Step 2 include a successful demonstration of having acquired the competencies that are evaluated, with a pass/fail result being given.

3. Calculation of NExT Step 1 scores for determining merit for the purpose of admission to Postgraduate courses in broad specialties

The sum of the raw scores earned in each paper or topic in a single NExT 1 exam will be used to calculate the Total Marks for determining the merit, particularly for admission to broad specialization Postgraduate Courses.
The candidate must follow the generation of a rank application process as stipulated by the Commission from time to time in order to determine rank for admission into Postgraduate courses in broad specializations in a given academic year. Only individuals who have submitted an application for rank generation will be eligible for admission for that cycle of the academic year.
The NExT Step results will be valid for five years in order to determine merit, notably for admission to broad-specialty postgraduate courses. If a candidate has appeared in the NExT exam cycle then the score of the latest given NExT step 1 exam will be considered.
Tie-breaker rule for rank generation:

- Normalized sum of raw scores obtained in each paper in NExT step 1 although the method of normalization will be notified later.
- Candidate with the lower attempts in NExT step 1 will be placed higher in the merit list.
- Candidates will be given higher rank based on the higher marks in the following order of preference:

1. 1. Medicine and allied disciplines
  2. Surgery and allied disciplines
  3. Obstetrics and Gynecology
  4. Pediatrics
  5. Otorhinolaryngology
  6. Ophthalmology

4. Utility of NExT Scores

An MBBS student from a college recognized by the Commission shall be eligible for compulsory internship only if they pass in each of the six theory papers of NExT Part 1 and also pass in III MBBS/Final MBBS (Part 2) Practical/Clinical Examination.
A medical student who has completed their undergraduate studies abroad at an institution recognized by the Commission and who has met the necessary requirements outlined in the Commission’s Foreign Medical Graduate Regulations is eligible to participate in the mandatory rotating internship programme only if they pass in all six NExT Step 1 Theory Papers.
A medical graduate who received their training in India or outside of India will be entitled to register in the Indian Medical Register and State Medical Register and obtain a license to practice modern medicine in India, only if, they have completed the internship for the appropriate length of time and have successfully passed the NExT Step 2 (Practical / Clinical) Examination. You must fulfill all the requirements as per the Registration of Medical Practitioners and Licence to practice Medicine Regulations, of NMC. Also, all the other requirements are considered appropriate by the Commission, Concerned University/Institution and duly applicable at that time.
For admission to PG medical courses in broad specialty subjects, a candidate must meet the following criteria:
- Candidates must meet the conditions outlined for NExT Part 1 and 2, making them eligible for a license to practice modern medicine in India.
- Must engage in common counselling by a designated authority granted by the Central Government or Commission.
The NExT Step I Scores may be used by the Government of India, the State Governments, any organization of the Government of India, the State Governments, or any autonomous or private body/institution for the purpose of employment, provided that the necessary authorization has been sought and authorized by the National Medical Commission or other appropriate authorities as determined to be appropriate.

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 1 (Preliminary)

Click Here to Read NMC NExT Exam Update – Chapter 3 (General Information)

Books provide comprehensive and organized information and serve as valuable reference material for studying. One must refer to the latest edition of the books as it keeps you updated with the most current medical advancements, diagnostic techniques, and treatment modalities. Different books are available depending on the requirement, say a textbook for comprehensive detailed study, preparatory manuals for exam-oriented study, an atlas for case illustrations, and so on. Books additionally improve overall professional competence and develop a holistic approach to patient management.

Here’s a list of the best books on Ophthalmology for PG Ophthalmology students and residents.

Postgraduate Ophthalmology

Postgraduate Ophthalmology by Zia Chaudhary is an outstanding book for PG ophthalmology students, residents, ophthalmic fellow trainees, researchers, and practitioners.
The book is written in a lucid manner and hence is very easy to read and understand.
A thorough ophthalmology textbook in two volumes with 214 chapters that have been divided into 19 divisions with approximately 4000 high-quality illustrations and are highly well-researched and cited.
The latest edition has integrated numerous contemporary practical ophthalmic healthcare issues, from historical perspectives to current standards of practice.
There have been significant updates to the fundamental, applied, diagnostic, and translational ophthalmology part, which now includes extended sections on applied ophthalmic specializations such as ocular genetics, biochemistry, pathology, microbiology, ophthalmic imaging, and uses of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.
The sections on trauma, oculoplastics, uvea, and pediatric ophthalmology have all been greatly enlarged.
With thorough descriptions and explanations, three new sections have been included on ocular clinical trials, ophthalmic healthcare, and a fully illustrated atlas of pathology, microbiology slide pictures, and neuroimaging images.

Peyman’s Principles and Practices of Ophthalmology

Peyman’s Principles and Practices of Ophthalmology by Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna is one of the bestselling titles of Ophthalmology.
This book is a must-have for PG Ophthalmologists, residents, and practitioners.
The book has two volumes.
Anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology, and genetics are among the fundamental ophthalmology topics that have been thoroughly covered in a clear and succinct way.
A section on Vision Rehabilitation and Optics and Refraction has been added in the latest edition.
The most recent developments and the prevailing theories in a variety of subspecialties, including neuro-ophthalmology, orbit and oculoplasty, glaucoma, uveitis, retina, and more are also included.

Ophthalmology Clinics for Postgraduates

Ophthalmology Clinics for Postgraduates by Prafulla Kumar Maharana, Namrata Sharma, and Atul Kumar are among the best books to study clinics for PG ophthalmologists.
The cases and examples in this book are presented in a way that will make it easier for both students and physicians to comprehend how to approach a case and make a clinical diagnosis.
Additionally, the book helps physicians to approach patients in the clinic methodically while taking into account all clinical findings.
The book includes 43 short/spot instances and 33 lengthy cases that are often asked in post-graduate exams.
It also has a chapter on instruments and differential diagnosis, which is frequently a requirement for all post-graduate viva voice tests.
A section on viva-voce questions is included after each chapter to aid applicants in mentally preparing for the viva before the final test.
This book conveys the crucial concepts in a manner identical to that of the practical test.

Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach

Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach by John F. Salmon is the perfect ophthalmology book for PG residents and practitioners.
Kanski’s extremely successful structure of concise language and visually engaging presentation is maintained in the latest edition.
The book offers authoritative, targeted information on the diagnosis and treatment of ocular illnesses.
This aesthetically appealing book, which is extremely well organized and thorough in scope, represents the most recent developments in the area and allows for rapid comprehension to improve learning, support exam preparation, and direct clinical practice.
This is the de facto textbook in general ophthalmology.
The book has highly illustrative clinical cases with images, HD illustrations, and pictures which are important to understand clear ophthalmologic conditions.
This book proves to be the best friend of ophthalmologists at the time of residency.

Aravind FAQs in Ophthalmology

Aravind’s FAQs in Ophthalmology by Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna are highly recommended for exam preparation during your PG and residency.
The questions are followed by detailed explanations to clear your concepts. Although it’s not a textbook but is quite helpful for preparation for postgraduate ophthalmology examination.
The latest edition is thoroughly revised and updated with the addition of many new chapters.
It also contains examples of case sheet writing and different management scenarios.
The students would benefit much from the new chapter on “Management Summary of Commonly Kept Examination Cases” to confidently deliver it to the examiner.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology by Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker is among the best books for PG ophthalmology students and residents.
The latest edition of Yanoff’s Ophthalmology book is quite vast and proves best for concept building.
The book provides comprehensive, beautifully illustrated instruction on practically every ocular ailment and treatment you may meet in a single, handy book, making it a must-have resource.
You are kept up to speed on everything new in every specialized area of the discipline thanks to extensive updates throughout.
Extensive updates are made throughout to keep you updated with every subspecialty of the ophthalmology field.

To supplement the college lectures and practical sessions, you can subscribe to a good ophthalmology MD online course. The Ophthalmology MD course has been crafted by the well-renowned Dr. N. Venkatesh Prajna along with India’s 55 eminent faculty. The topics covered in the course are significant from an academic, clinical, and surgical perspective. All of the course’s topics have been carefully chosen with consideration given to commonly asked questions and troublesome regions for postgraduate students to get enough knowledge.

First-year subjects are a foundation for the journey of becoming a doctor. Hence, every medical student should have a clear understanding of these subjects. As an undergraduate fresher, you must go through the examination pattern and important topics of the first-year subjects.

Anatomy is a vast and highly volatile subject included in the first year of the MBBS. The subject provides comprehensive knowledge of the body systems and structures including the disposition, microscopic, interrelationship, developmental, functional, gross, and applied anatomy.

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

From the 2019 batch onwards, the Anatomy prof exam comprises two theory papers of 100 marks each and a practical examination of 100 marks. The theory exam consists of short answer questions, long answer questions, and application and case-based questions. The practical examination includes practical/clinical and viva.

Recommended books for Anatomy include Self-Assessment and Review of Anatomy, BD Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy, and Gray’s Anatomy for Students.

Subject Weightage in NEET-PG and INI-CET

The Anatomy subject in NEET-PG carries a weightage of about 10-15 questions whereas the INI-CET exam carries a weightage of around 10 questions.

The ideal way of preparing for the NEET-PG and other competitive examinations is to plan a preparation strategy that balances between low and high-weightage modules and subjects.

Important and High-yielding Topics of Anatomy for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

Histology:

Types of epithelium
Derivatives of different types of epithelium
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Adrenal gland
Thymus
Liver histology
Uterus histology
Microcirculation diagram of kidney
Karyotyping
Down syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Elastic artery
Serous salivary gland
Compact and Cancellous bone
Spinal cord
Lymph node
Parotid salivary gland
Thin and Thick skin
Goblet cells
Stave cells
Sweat gland
Mast cells
Orcein Stain

Neuroanatomy

Cavernous sinus
Nerve supply
Arterial supply
Venous drainage of any region
Sciatic nerve
Saphenous vein

Upper limb and Lower limb

Brachial Plexus
Axillary artery
Dermatomes of upper and lower limb
Arches of foot
Muscles of the sole

Abdomen

Perineum
Urethra
Ureter
Pudendal canal
Spermatic Cord contents
Rectum‐Anal Canal anatomy

Thorax

Blood supply
Subclavian artery
Diaphragm with embryology
Lung hilum
Broncho vascular segments of the lung

Embryology

Derivatives of individual ridges
Neural crest derivatives
Branchial arches derivatives
Congenital abnormalities
Cleft lip
Germ layers
Development of placenta
Annular pancreas
Polycystic kidney
Imperforate anus
Rotation of midgut
Ectopic pregnancy
Descent and undescended testes
Ectopic pregnancy
Hemorrhoids
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pain over the umbilicus in appendicitis
Esophageal varices
Placental pravea
Congenital anomalies of kidney
Varicose veins
Annular pancreas
Tetralogy of Fallot
Development of RA
Development of interatrial septum and anomalies
Polycystic kidney
Horseshoe shaped kidney
Imperforate anus
Development of pancreas
Rotation of midgut

Osteology

Types of joints
Sphenoid bone
Orbital bone
Lateral wall of nose
Middle ear anatomy
Skull bones
Type of switchers

Reproduction

Results of fertilization
Fertilisation and implantation
Abnormal sites of implantation
Spermatogenesis

Joints

Knee joints – locking unlocking, ligaments, capsule, menisci
Ankle joint
Hip joint – relations and ligaments
Temporomandibular joint

Important Derivatives

Derivatives of midgut
Derivatives of the mesonephric duct
Derivatives of paramesonephric duct
Derivatives of secondary yolk sac
Derivatives of ectoderm

Important Diagrams

Sensory nerve supply of face
Ts of brainstem at lower level of pons
Ts of midbrain at level of superior and inferior colliculus
Ts of medulla at level of sensory decussation
Ts of medulla at level of pyramidal decussation
Lateral wall of nose
Floor of 4th ventricle
Digastric triangle- boundaries, contents
Brachial plexus
Horizontal Sec of brain through anterior and posterior horns of lateral ventricle
Cubital fossa

Important Long Answer Questions (for MBBS Prof Exams)

Thyroid gland- development and anomalies, location, relation, blood supply & surgical anatomy
Mammary gland
Parotid- structures present within, nerve supply & relations
Hypoglossal nerve- origin, course & distribution
Facial nerve – origin and functional components, course, and distribution after exiting skull & Clinical features
Soft palate
Brachial plexus
Larynx
Bicep brachii
Supinators of forearm
Muscles participating in dorsal digital expansion of fingers
Abductors of eyeball
Sternocleidomastoid
Rotator cuff
Extraocular muscles
Branches of maxillary artery all parts
Cerebral hemisphere arterial supply
Mandibular nerve – branches

Important Lobes to remember

Urinary bladder- location, relation, nerve supply, anatomy & gross
Duodenum – 2nd and 3rd part
Diaphragm- origin insertion, opening & developmental basis of innervation
Heart – blood supply, coronary sulcus & RA
Lungs- pleural recesses, pleura & bronchopulmonary segments
Portal vein and portocaval anastomosis
Arches of foot

Other important questions for Prof Exams

Axilla- boundary contents
Muscular derivatives of 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch
Skeletal derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal arch
1st branchial arch
Cranial nerve nuclei in somatic efferent column of brain stem
Styloid apparatus
Ciliary ganglion
Otic ganglion
Tympanic membrane
Facial nerve- functional component
Cubital fossa
Supination pronation
Cortico spinal tract
Muscles of tongue with nerve supply
Constituents of inferior cerebral peduncle
Palate development
Cavernous sinus
Anatomical snuff box
Dorsal column of the spinal cord and sensations conveyed by it
Basal ganglia components
4th ventricle of brain
Proprioceptive pathways
Middle ear
Circle of Willis
Foramen magnum and related structures
Commissures of brain
Fontanelles
Flexor retinaculum
Spinothalamic tract
Types of fibrous joints with examples
Cells of connective tissue
Parts of internal capsule
Endochondral ossifications
Types of cartilaginous joints with examples
Hoarseness of voice after thyroidectomy
Wrist drop
Erbs palsy
Parkinson’s disease
Dangerous area of face
Carpel tunnel syndrome
Oblique facial cleft
Winging of scapula
Deviation of tongue in hypoglossal nerve injury
Neural tube defects
Thyroglossal cyst
Structures forming nasal septum
Speech areas of brain
Pulled elbow
Lumbar puncture
Melingomyolocoel
Potter’s tip deformity
Movement of thyroid swelling on swallowing
Bells palsy
Peau’d orange
Thyroglossal fistula
Ape thumb deformity
Styloid apparatus
Supination pronation
Cortico spinal tract
Middle ear
Circle of Willis
Commissures of brain
Fontanelles
Flexor retinaculum
Saphenous openings
Superficial and deep perineal pouch
Ant and post relations of kidney and stomach, liver, and hip joint.
Longitudinal arches of foot
Femoral sheath and artery and triangle
Azygous vein
Menisci of knee joint
Porto-caval anastomosis
Great saphenous vein
Popliteal fossa boundary and contents
Difference between ileum & jejunum
Anal Canal
Spermatic cord contents
Hepatorenal pouch and clinical.
Positions of appendix
Varicose veins
Thoracic duct
Gall bladder- location, relation, nerve supply, referred pain
Anal canal
Hernia: Inguinal – Direct, indirect, methods to prevent, Diaphragmatic hernia, Femoral hernia
Internal iliac artery divisions
Femoral artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Profunda femoris
Discuss methods of embalming
Different types of bins
Disposal of biomedical waste in DH
Gluteus maximus
Psoas major
Saphenous nerve
Diaphragmatic opening
Sciatic opening

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. What are the major topics of Anatomy in MBBS?

Ans. The important topics for Anatomy include Types of epithelium, Derivatives of different types of epithelium, Thyroid, and Parathyroid, Axillary artery, Dermatomes of the upper and lower limb, Knee joint, Sciatic nerve, Saphenous vein, Imperforate anus, Rotation of midgut, Ectopic pregnancy, Descent and undescended testes, Ectopic pregnancy, Hemorrhoids, Liver histology, Uterus histology, Saphenous nerve, Diaphragmatic opening, and Sciatic opening.

Q2. Is anatomy a subject important for NEET PG?

Ans. Yes, every MBBS subject holds its significance in the NEET-PG exam. The Anatomy subject in NEET-PG carries a weightage of about 10-15 questions.

Q3. Which are the recommended books of Anatomy for MBBS students?

Ans. The recommended books for Anatomy for UnderGrads include Self-Assessment and Review of Anatomy, BD Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy, and Gray’s Anatomy for Students.

Click here to get conceptual clarity over MBBS subjects.

Every medical aspirant dream of scoring high in the NEET exam to get admission into a good medical college and consider it the toughest task. But after getting admission, completing MBBS is quite challenging. It requires consistent efforts and utmost proficiency and sincerity. After completing MBBS, another challenging and confusing task is to choose the right specialty and career.

First and the foremost thing to keep in mind while choosing a medical specialty is to consider your interest and passion instead of getting into peer pressure. You must choose a specialty that excites you, may it be surgery, medicine, research, pediatrics, or any other specialty. Then, look out for other factors such as skill set, financial considerations, work environment, professional growth, job demand, and more. You must take this decision wisely.

You have a variety of employment opportunities after earning your MBBS in India. Here are some of the potential career paths after completing an MBBS degree:

Pursue Medical PG Specialization

After completing MBBS, you have the option to pursue MD/MS, DNB, PG Diploma course, or a Direct 6 years super specialty course.

Courses to be pursued after MBBS:

List of MD (Doctor of Medicine) and MS (Master of Surgery) Courses

MD Specialisations:

- Aerospace Medicine
- Human Anatomy
- Anesthesia
- Biochemistry
- Community Medicine
- Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy
- Family Medicine
- Forensic Medicine
- General Medicine
- Geriatrics
- Health Administration
- Hospital Administration
- Immunohematology
- Microbiology
- Nuclear Medicine
- Pediatrics
- Pathology
- Pharmacology
- Psychiatry
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
- Physiology
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Radiodiagnosis
- Radiotherapy
- Sports Medicine
- Tropical Medicine
- Palliative Medicine
- Marine Medicine
- Laboratory Medicine

MS Specialisations:

- ENT
- General Surgery
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Ophthalmology
- Orthopaedics
- Traumatology & Surgery

List of DNB (Diplomate of National Board) Courses

Anaesthesiology
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Community Medicine
Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy
Emergency Medicine
Family Medicine
Forensic Medicine
General Medicine
General Surgery
Hospital Administration
Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion
Microbiology
Nuclear Medicine
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
Pediatrics
Palliative Medicine
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Physiology
Psychiatry
Radiation Oncology
Radio Diagnosis
Respiratory Medicine
Geriatric Medicine

List of Post MBBS PG Diploma Courses

Anaesthesia
Clinical Pathology
DVL
ENT
Health Education
Immunohaematology
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Occupational Health
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics
Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Pulmonary Medicine
Radio-diagnosis
Radiation Medicine
Sports Medicine
Tropical Medicine
Allergy & Clinical Immunology

List of Direct 6 Years Super Specialty Courses

DM Radiotherapy & Oncology
DM Neurology
M.Ch. Neurosurgery
M.Ch. Pediatric Surger
M.Ch. Infectious Diseases
M.Ch. Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery CTVS
M.Ch. Surgical Gastroenterology
M.Ch. Trauma Surgery & Critical Care
M.Ch. Plastic, Reconstructive & Burns Surgery
M.Ch. Urology

Combined Medical Services Examination

UPSC-CMS is Combined Medical Services Examination. The CMS exam provides the opportunity to take up the following Posts/Services:

Category I:

Medical Officers Grade in General Duty Medical Officers Sub-cadre of Central Health Service

Category II:

Assistant Divisional Medical Officer in the Railways.
General Duty Medical Officer in New Delhi Municipal Council
General duty Medical Officer Gr-II in Municipal Corporation of Delhi

AFMS – Short Service Commission

Armed Forces Medical Service recruits doctors as Short Service Commissioned Medical Officers. Candidates can apply for this if they have a medical degree and a permanent registration with any State Medical Council/MCI. Admission to the AFMS-SSC exam comprises a two-stage selection process. An interview/Personality Test followed by Medical Examination is conducted for Short Service Commissioned Medical Officers posts.

Pursue Postgraduate Courses

You also have the option to pursue Master’s in the allied science and field. You can pursue the following postgraduation courses after MBBS:

Master in Hospital Administration
Master’s in healthcare Imaging
Master’s in Medical Science and Technology
Master’s in Medical Biotechnology
Master’s in Public Health (MPH)
MBA in Healthcare Management

Research

Pharmaceutical companies and research institutes offer various opportunities for MBBS graduates. You can work in research and development, clinical trials, medical affairs, drug safety, and more. Pharmaceutical companies require medical professionals to provide expertise in drug development and interact with other healthcare professionals. Institutes ICMR, CCMP, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, etc. are a good option for this career profile. You can pursue Ph.D. further if you are interested in research.

Medical Practitioner

You can start your practice in a government or private hospital or any healthcare facility, or start private practice. You can also collaborate with other medical professionals and practice.

Medical Content Writing

You can explore a career in medical writing and medical journalism. If you are good at writing, you can write articles, research papers, books, and journals and can also work as a medical journalist for newspapers, magazines, or online publications. You can get employed at pharmaceutical companies, publishing houses, and more.

Academician

You can pursue Ph.D. and pursue teaching as a profession. Being an Academician is also a highly respectful and lucrative career option.

Medical Advisor

You can work as a medical advisor or expert witness in legal cases involving medical issues. In this, you can work with the companies to develop marketing strategies and materials. You can provide support to the regulatory affairs department for obtaining product licenses. You will there conduct analysis and help the writers with the content creation for a brand related to medicine field.

Medical Jobs at International Organizations

International Organizations like WHO and UNICEF provide several job opportunities for Medical graduates as per applicable vacancies, may it be of a physician, medical advisor, Public Health Officer, or surveillance medical job.

It’s highly essential to evaluate your interest, skills, and long-term goals to choose a career path that aligns with your aspirations. Further specialization through a postgraduate degree can significantly enhance your career prospects.

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham is a multi-campus and multi-disciplinary university in India. It is among the top-ranked private university in India and is accredited with the NAAC A++ grade ranking. The university is one of the fastest-growing institutions and has more than 180 partnerships with leading universities around the globe.

The university offers around 250+ UG, PG, Integrated, Doctoral, and Certificate programs in various fields such as Medicine, Agriculture, Arts & Science, Ayurveda, Biotechnology, Business, Mass Communication, Dentistry, Engineering, Nano Sciences, Nursing, Pharmacy, Social Work, and Sustainable Development.

The university has seven campuses at Amaravati, Kochi, Amritapuri, Chennai, Coimbatore, Bengaluru, and Mysuru, and a new upcoming campus at NCR Delhi (Faridabad). In the medical field, the Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore is ranked at the sixth position according to the NIRF ranking 2023.

Courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

MBBS Course at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Duration: MBBS is a five-and-a-half-year program including one year of compulsory rotatory residential internship.

Admission Process: Admission at Amrita for MBBS is done through the NEET-UG entrance examination.

Selection and Counselling: Selection is done based on the NEET-UG All India Ranking. Qualifying candidates according to the MCC can participate in the counselling for admission to the MBBS course.

Campus: MBBS Course is available at the Faridabad and Kochi campuses.

Number of Seats: There are a total of 150 MBBS seats at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, from which 127 belongs to the General Category (Indian Students) and 23 belong to the NRI Category.

Fee Details: The tuition fee is different for Indian students and NRI students. The MBBS fees structure at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham are as follows:

For Indian Students,

Tuition Fee (to be paid every year): Rs. 19,00,000/-
Total Tuition Fee (Entire MBBS duration): 95,00,000/-
Hostel and Mess Charges (to be paid every year): Rs. 76,000/-

For NRI Students,

Tuition Fee (to be paid per year): US $ 45,000/-
Total Tuition Fee (Entire MBBS duration): US $ 2,25,000 /-
Hostel and Mess Charges (to be paid every year): US $1,500/-

Other fees of Rs. 76,800/- are common for both Indian and NRI students and have to be paid in Indian currency only.

Click here to get conceptual clarity on MBBS subjects.

Postgraduate Courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeeth offers MD, MS, and PG Diploma courses in various specialties. The course details are as follows:

Duration: The course duration is 3 years.

Admission Procedure: Candidates with the MBBS degree recognized by NMC are eligible to get admission to the various medical postgraduate courses at Amrita. The admission is done based on the NEET-PG entrance examination. Candidates need to score a competitive score to get into the NEET-PG merit list.

Selection and Counselling: Selection is done based on the NEET-PG All India Ranking. Qualifying candidates according to the MCC can participate in the counseling for admission to MD, MS, and PG Diploma courses. The counselling procedure is conducted by DGHS.

List of PG Specialization and Number of Seats

PG Specialization (MD/MS Courses)	Number of Seats
PG Specialization (MD/MS Courses)	General Category	NRI Category
MD in Geriatrics	1
MD in Physiology	2
MD in General Medicine	5	3
MD in Anatomy	2
MD in Biochemistry	2
MD in Nuclear Medicine	2
MD in Psychiatry	4
MD in Anaesthesiology	11
MD in Pathology	5
MD in Respiratory Medicine	2
MD in Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy	2	1
MD in Radiation Oncology	3
MD in Radiodiagnosis	6	4
MD in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	2
MD in Emergency Medicine	2
MD in Pediatrics	4	2
MD in Forensic Medicine	2
MD in Community Medicine	5
MD in Microbiology	2
MD in Pharmacology	2
M. S. in Obstetrics & Gynaecology	4	1
M. S. in General Surgery	5	1
M. S. in Orthopaedics	4	2
M. S. in Ophthalmology	5	1
M. S. in Otorhinolaryngology	4

Fee Structure of MD/MS Courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham:

PG Specialization	Annual Fees (in INR)	First-Year Other Fees (in INR)	Hostel Fees
MD in Geriatrics	20,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Physiology	6,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in General Medicine	30,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $ 80,000 (Fees in $ for NRI Students)	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Anatomy	6,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Biochemistry	5,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Nuclear Medicine	21,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Psychiatry	19,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Anaesthesiology	25,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Pathology	16,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Respiratory Medicine	20,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy	₹ 35,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $ 80,000 (Fees in $ for NRI Students)	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Radiation Oncology	20,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Radiodiagnosis	₹ 35,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $ 80,000 (Fees in $ for NRI Students)	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	16,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Emergency Medicine	16,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Pediatrics	₹ 30,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $ 80,000 (Fees in $ for NRI Students)	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Forensic Medicine	6,60,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Community Medicine	8,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Microbiology	9,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
MD in Pharmacology		1,10,600	62,000
M. S. in Obstetrics & Gynaecology	₹ 27,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $ 80,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students)	1,10,600	62,000
M. S. in General Surgery	₹27,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $75,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students)	1,10,600	62,000
M. S. in Orthopaedics	₹27,00,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students) $80,000 (Fees in INR for Indian Students)	1,10,600	62,000
M. S. in Ophthalmology	22,00,000	1,10,600	62,000
M. S. in Otorhinolaryngology	25,00,000	1,10,600	62,000

Stipend Offered: The stipend is offered to MD and MS medical students at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.

Course Year	Stipend (in INR)
1^st Year	43,000.00
2^nd Year	44,000.00
3^rd Year	45,000.00

PG Diploma Courses

The PG Diploma courses in the medical field at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham are available in the following disciplines:

Obstetrics & Gynaecology (DGO)
Otorhinolaryngology (DLO)
Medical Radio Diagnosis (DMRO)
Dermatology Venerology & Leprosy (DDVL)
PG Diploma in Radiotherapy (DMRT)
PG Diploma in Ophthalmology (DO)

Click here to master the concepts of the medical PG courses.

Super Specialisation Courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

The details of the Super Specialisation Courses are as follows:

Duration: The course duration is three years from the date of commencement of classes.

Curriculum: It is as per the syllabus approved by the MCI and Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.

Eligibility Criteria and Admission Procedure: Candidates with MD/MS/DNB degrees recognized by MCI are eligible to apply for the DM/MCh Courses. Candidates are required to qualify for the NEET-SS entrance examination with a competitive score to get admission into the DM/M.Ch. courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.

List of DM Courses and Number of Seats

DM Courses	Number of Seats
D. M. in Clinical Haematology	3
D. M. in Pediatric Neurology	2
D.M. in Medical Oncology	2
D.M. in Nephrology	3
D. M. in Cardiac Anesthesia	2
D.M. in Neurology	4
D. M. in Pediatric Cardiology	2
D. M. in Cardiology	5
D. M. in Rheumatology	2
D.M. in Gastroenterology	4
D.M. in Endocrinology	3
D.M. in Pulmonary Medicine	2

Fee Structure for DM Courses

The tuition fees for DM courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham along with other fees and hostel fees.

DM Courses	Fee Structure (in INR)
DM Courses	Annual Fees	Other Fees (First Year)	Hostel Fees (Yearly)
D. M. in Clinical Haematology	20,00,000	64,600	62,000
D. M. in Pediatric Neurology	20,00,000	64,600	62,000
D.M. in Medical Oncology	22,00,000	64,600	62,000
D.M. in Nephrology	17,00,000	64,600	62,000
D. M. in Cardiac Anesthesia	7,00,000	64,600	62,000
D.M. in Neurology	20,00,000	64,600	62,000
D. M. in Paediatric Cardiology	20,00,000	64,600	62,000
D. M. in Cardiology	20,00,000	64,600	62,000
D. M. in Rheumatology	20,00,000	64,600	62,000
D.M. in Gastroenterology	27,00,000	64,600	62,000
D.M. in Endocrinology	28,00,000	64,600	62,000
D.M. in Pulmonary Medicine	20,00,000	64,600	62,000

List of M.Ch. Courses and Number of Seats

M.Ch. Courses	Number of Seats
M.Ch. in Plastic Surgery	2
M.Ch. in Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery	2
M. Ch. in Gastrointestinal Surgery	4
M. Ch. in Urology	3
M. Ch. in Gynec Oncology	2
M. Ch. in Head & Neck Surgery	2
M. Ch. in Pediatric Surgery	1
M. Ch. in Neurosurgery	4
M. Ch. in Reproductive Medicine & Surgery	2

Fee Structure for M.Ch. Courses

The tuition fees for M.Ch. courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham along with other fees and hostel fees.

Courses	Fee Structure
Courses	Annual Fees	First-year Other Fees (in INR)	First-Year Hostel Fee (in INR)
M.Ch. in Plastic Surgery	17,00,000	64,600	62,000
M.Ch. in Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery	4,00,00	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Gastrointestinal Surgery	28,00,00	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Urology	28,00,000	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Gynec Oncology	22,00,000	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Head & Neck Surgery	17,00,00	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Pediatric Surgery	7,00,000	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Neurosurgery	15,00,000	64,600	62,000
M. Ch. in Reproductive Medicine & Surgery	22,00,000	64,600	62,000

Stipend Offered: The stipend is offered to candidates pursuing DM or MCh degree at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.

Course Year	Stipend (in INR)
1^st Year	47,000.00
2^nd Year	48,000.00
3^rd Year	49,000.00

Fellowship Courses at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Fellowship courses are offered in various specialties at Amrita.

The following are the details of the fellowship courses, along with the number of seats, course duration, and the required primary education qualification:

Courses	Number of Seats	Course Duration (Year)	Eligibility Qualification
Fellowship in Fetal Cardiology	2	6 months for Pediatric Cardiologists 3 months for Fetal Medicine Specialist	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Diabetology	1	1	MD in General Medicine
Fellowship in Interventional Pulmonology	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Urology	2	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Stroke Medicine	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Neurology	1	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Uro-oncology and Robotic Surgery	1	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology	2	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Infectious Disease	1	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition	1	2	MD/DNB Pediatrics
Fellowship in Fetal Medicine	2	2	MD/DNB OBG
Fellowship in Advanced Obstetric Ultrasound and Fetal Echo	1	1	MD/DNB Radiology
Fellowship in Obstetric Ultrasound	2	6 months	MD/DNB Radiology
Fellowship in Therapeutic Advanced Endoscopy	1	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Neurosurgery	3	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Traumatology	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Critical Care	2	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Pediatric Intensive Care	2	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Interventional Radiology	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Vitreo Retinal Surgery	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Accident and Emergency Care	1	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Neonatology	2	1	MD / DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Indian Diploma in Critical Care	2	1	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Orthognathic Surgery	1	2.5	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Solid Organ Transplant Anesthesia	2	2	MD/DNB in related areas
Fellowship in Diabetic Foot	1	1	M.S. in Gen.Surgery/ Orthopedics/Post Diploma in Orthopedics and Allied Specialties
Fellowship in Pediatric Cardiac Sciences: Pediatric Cardiology/Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care/Pediatric Cardiac Surgery	3	2	Basic Training in Pediatric Cardiology, PG in General Pediatrics/Anaesthesiology, Master/Doctoral in Cardiac Surgery

Doctoral Degree at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

The doctoral degree in the medical field is offered in the following two disciplines:

Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ph.D. in Medical and Health Sciences

The doctoral course details are as follows:

Duration: The duration of the Ph.D. courses is around 3-5 years.

Admission Procedure: Admission is done through an entrance examination and an interview taken by the college itself.

Funding: The funding is obtained through fellowships by DBT, DST, ICMR, and more.

MRCOG is an internationally recognized RCOG membership exam. It is considered a gold standard qualification for those who want to obtain a higher level of competency in the OBGYN medical specialty. This qualification aims to evaluate the skills, knowledge, and clinical judgement of medical professionals who specialize in obstetrics and gynecology.

Last-minute Reliable Tips to Ace MRCOG Part 1 and MRCOG Part 2 Exams

Plan and strictly follow the revision exam strategy. Keep in mind the MRCOG Part 1 and Part 2 exam pattern.

- MRCOG Part 1 Exam Pattern:

MRCOG Part 1 Exam Pattern (Paper 1 & Paper 2)
Particulars	Description
Duration	2.5 hours (150 minutes) for each paper
Type of Questions Asked	SBAs (Single Best Answers)
Number of Questions	100 SBAs for each paper
Lunch break (approximately one hour) between both the papers

- MRCOG Part 2 Exam Pattern:

MRCOG Part 2 Exam Pattern (Paper 1 & Paper 2)
Particulars	Description
Duration	3 hours (180 minutes) for each paper
Type of Questions Asked	SBAs (Single Best Answers) and EMQs (Extended Matching Questions) for each paper
Number of Questions	50 SBAs and 50 EMQs for each paper
Lunch break (approximately one hour) between both the papers

Don’t go through the complete syllabus at the last time, just revise your notes, summaries, and important topics.
Take advantage of the fact that there is no negative marking, so try to attempt all the questions by choosing the best possible answer.
Time Management Tip:

- For both the papers of the MRCOG Part 1 Exam, you have 150 minutes to solve 100 SBAs (Single best answers) which is similar to the Multiple-choice questions. So, try not to give more than 1.5 minutes for answering any question.
- For MRCOG Part 2 Exam, you have 180 minutes for solving 50 SBAs (Single Best Answers) and 50 EMQs (Extended Matching Questions) in each MRCOG Part 2 exam (Paper 1 & 2). It is highly advised to devote 60-70 minutes for SBAs (roughly 1.5 minutes for each question) and 110-120 minutes for EMQs (roughly 2.5 minutes for each question).
- Prioritize solving the questions according to your expertise in the topic and the difficulty level of the question.
Solve as many as mock papers possible.

- Solving mock papers is highly beneficial in preparation and evaluation. Mock papers are practice papers prepared according to the latest exam pattern and syllabus. It immensely helps in time management.
- The “Cracking MRCOG Part 1-Mock Exam” and “Cracking MRCOG Part 2- Mock Exam” series is intended to reduce the excruciating “exam” anxiety as it replicates the real MRCOG exam and aids in your preparation for the big day. To familiarise yourself with every form of a question that could appear on the examination paper, we provide 7 sets of Mock tests totaling 1,400 questions for each part. After the submission of mock exams, you will be provided with evidence-supported explanation for each answer. The appropriate flowcharts, tables, and boxes are used to vividly display the explanation of the answers. This helps students to build a complete understanding of each topic and will also meet the requirements of the exams.
Don’t miss out on topics under Green top guidelines and NICE guidelines mentioned on the RCOG website.

- The topics in Green top guidelines include Operative Vaginal Delivery, Vulval Skin Disorders and Management, Preterm Labor, Reduced Fetal Movements, Breast Cancer in Pregnancy, Uses of Anti D-immunoglobulin, Antepartum Haemorrhage, Shoulder Dystocia, Bacterial Sepsis in Pregnancy, Initial Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain, Blood Transfusion in Obstetrics, Management of Third- and Fourth-degree Perineal Tears, Female Genital Mutilation and its Management, Diagnosis, and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy, Management of Monochorionic twin pregnancy, Management of Premenstrual syndrome, Management of Bladder pain syndrome, Post-Hysterectomy Vaginal Vault Prolapse and many more.
- The topic in the NICE guidelines includes Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Infertility, Urinary Incontinence, Mental Health, C Section, Intrapartum, Menopause, Postnatal care, Surgical site infection, LARC, IOL, PTL, and more.
Go through the previous year’s questions and practice papers. Assess your knowledge and track your progress.
Revision is highly important to retain the information for your long-term memory bank. It can be daunting and boring at times, but it is the best way to memorize.
Emphasize on facts, figures, percentages, and real case scenarios.

Important Exam Day Tips for MRCOG Part 1 & 2 Exam

Keep ID proof and all other required documents handy in a folder to take on exam day.
Reach the Exam centre prior to the reporting time.
Read all the instructions and guidelines carefully which are shared on your system screen before attempting the exam.
Read the questions twice, understand the question, and then answer.
In case, you don’t know the answer don’t panic and try to rule out the options to get the most appropriate answer.
Avoid any discussion of Paper 1 during the break instead keep yourself calm and ready for Paper 2.

MRCOG revision is a long-haul endeavour. It is a marathon, not a sprint. Your dietary habits and physical well-being will directly impact your cognitive functions. Take no chance. A healthy diet and regular exercise are essential, as are several fundamental stretches (especially for the neck and shoulders). You should practice a regular stress-reduction technique, such as yoga or music listening.

Click here to know about MRCOG Part 1 exam in detail.

Click here to know about MRCOG Part 2 exam in detail.

Pediatrics is a broad discipline that covers the medical treatment, well-being, and growth of children, making it a vital subject and specialization in the medical field.

A Pediatrician’s duties include preserving children’s physical, mental, and emotional health at all stages of development in addition to treating children who are acutely or chronically ill. Their health and developmental milestones, common ailments and their treatments, immunizations, nutrition, behavioral problems, and many other topics are covered in the Pediatrics course in MBBS.

Studying pediatrics goes hand-in-hand with gaining experience in managing youngsters, as they can’t express their problems or communicate effectively. It is a great duty to understand and deal with newborns and children as well as to counsel their parents. Being in the collaborative field of pediatrics necessitates extensive knowledge of the subject, a great degree of patience, and exceptional communication abilities.

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

The MBBS Prof exam pattern is a bit different after the introduction of the CBME pattern. In the Pediatrics subject, the prof exam comprises 200 marks wherein 100 marks are for the theory examination and 100 marks for the practical examination. The theoretical examination comprises long answer questions, short answer questions, and multiple-choice questions whereas the practical examination includes the clinical examination and viva. You must obtain a minimum of 50% marks in theory and practical to pass the university exams.

Important Topics of Pediatrics for Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

If you want to excel in the MBBS and pursue postgraduate study, concentrate on early preparation for both professional exams and competitive entrance exams. The two main entrance examinations in India nowadays are NEET-PG/NExT and INI-CET. Pediatrics has a subject weightage of about 10-15 questions in both the INI-CET and NEET PG entrance exams.

High-yielding topics are a crucial component of a productive study plan that will improve your test-taking efficiency. You must carefully schedule your study sessions, giving priority to time management, course-specific high-yield topics, and, most importantly, your health.

Recommended books for Pediatrics include Piyush Gupta’s UG Textbook of Pediatrics, Ghai Essential Pediatrics, Review of Pediatrics & Neonatology, and Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Pediatrics.

To score high in the examinations may it be prof exams or competitive entrance exams, it is highly recommended to have a good grasp over the important and high-yielding topics.

List of high-yielding topics of Pediatrics for NEET-PG, INI-CET, and MBBS Prof exams:

Growth in Children

Iodine Deficiency Disorder

Severe Acute Malnutrition

Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Practices

Vitamin A, E, K, B, and C

Vaccine and Vaccination Schedule-Part-1 and 2

Epiglottis and Croup

The Normal Newborn-1 and 2

Nephrotic Syndrome and Acute Kidney Injury

Cerebral Palsy

Global developmental delay

Complications of pneumonia

Etiology, clinical features, and management of pyogenic meningitis

Cerebral malaria

MR (measles) vaccine

Hypothyroidism

Breath-holding spell (Cyanotic spell)

DPT vaccine

Phototherapy

Clinical features of Vit. D deficiency

Steps of neonatal resuscitation

Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever (Jone’s criteria)

Diagnostic and clinical features of Rheumatic fever and its management

Adolescent vaccination

Febrile seizure

Clinical features and management of Nephrotic syndrome

BCG vaccine

Complications of a premature baby

Positioning and attachment in breastfeeding

Enuresis

Fluid therapy with severe dehydration

Approach to a Child with Hematuria

Management of Pulmonary T.B.

Down’s syndrome

Clinical features, differential diagnosis, complications, and management of tubercular meningitis in children

Measles rash and its differential diagnosis

Assessment of hydration status

V.S.D. (Ventricular Septal Defect)

Hepatitis B vaccine

Dietary therapy in protein energy malnutrition

Management of status asthmaticus

Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia

Define, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of neonatal sepsis

A developmental milestone in 1yr old child and growth parameters of 1yr old child

Complimentary feeding

Differential diagnosis of acute convulsion

Diagnosis of typhoid fever

ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) control program

Iron deficiency anemia in children

Complications of low birth weight in baby

Sepsis screening in newborn

Accidental kerosene ingestion

Low osmolarity ORS

Immunization schedule

Primary complex

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome

Croup syndrome

Prevention of diphtheria

Care of newborn, delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid, immediately after birth

Diagnosis of pathological jaundice in newborns

Differential diagnosis of the first episode of generalized confusion in a 2yr old child

Clinical diagnosis of cardiac failure in infants

Diagnosis and initial management of shock

Autosomal recessive disorders

Principles of counseling

Tuberculosis

Management of severe dehydration

Revised National TB Control program

Investigations of Urinary tract infection

Hypothermia prevention in newborn

Etiology and management of Congestive heart failure

Megaloblastic anemia

Treatment of Kala Azar

Management of dengue hemorrhagic fever

Secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever

Gross motor milestone at 1yr of age

Management of kangaroo mother care

Management of anoxic spell in Fallot’s tetralogy

Severe dehydration

Management and differential diagnosis of hepatosplenomegaly with anemia

Advantages of breastfeeding

Oral Rehydration Therapy

Diagnosis and management of a child with 1st episode of nephrotic syndrome

Stepwise management of acute diarrhea

Common Problems of adolescent boys

Signs of dehydration and management

Motor reflex and its implication

Rotavirus vaccine (type, route, dosage, schedule)

Routine newborn care

Vaccine schedule

Enumerate Apgar score

Breastfeeding recommendations from birth and its advantages

Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of rickets

Pica

Treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Physiological jaundice in newborn

Feeding recommendation up to 1yr agea

MMR vaccine

Apnoea of prematurity

Dengue fever with a warning sign

AFP surveillance

Combination vaccine

Laws of growth

Gestational age assessment in Newborn

L-R shunt

Pulse polio immunization (program)

Complications of diphtheria

Components of IMNCI

Management and complications of Nephritic syndrome

Laboratory diagnosis for enteric fever

Management of severe protein energy malnutrition

Management of acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration

Management of Cyanotic Congenital Heart disease

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)

Cretinism

Neonatal seizures

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Don’t skip over these crucial topics if you want to perform well in examinations. Undoubtedly, every one of us learns distinctively, but DigiNerve has got you covered in every situation. Pediatrics for Undergrads by Dr. Santosh T. Soans and Dr. Soundarya Mahalingam is one of the best online pediatrics courses available especially if you prefer audio-visual learning. This online pediatrics course includes highly illustrative video lectures, case studies, self-assessment questions, and notes. The lectures use the new CBME methodology to promote conceptual clarity while achieving excellent grades in the examinations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the major topics of pediatrics?

Ans. Growth in Children, Iodine Deficiency Disorder, Severe acute malnutrition, Moderate Acute Malnutrition, Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Practices, Vitamin A, B, E, K, and C, Vaccine and Vaccination Schedule-Part-1 and 2, Epiglottis and Croup, The Normal Newborn-1 and 2, Nephrotic Syndrome and Acute Kidney Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Global developmental delay and Complications of pneumonia are some of the important topics of Pediatrics in MBBS.

Q2. How much is the subject weightage of Pediatrics in the NEET-PG and INI-CET exams?

Ans. The subject Pediatrics has a subject weightage of about 10-15 questions in both the INI-CET and NEET PG entrance exams.

Q3. How to learn Pediatrics for MBBS online?

Ans. Pediatrics for Undergrads by Dr. Santosh T. Soans and Dr. Soundarya Mahalingam is one of the best online pediatrics courses available especially if you prefer audio-visual learning. This online pediatrics course includes highly illustrative video lectures, case studies, self-assessment questions, and notes. The lectures use the new CBME methodology to promote conceptual clarity while achieving excellent grades in the examinations.

Q4. Which is the best book for Pediatrics for MBBS students?

Ans. Piyush Gupta’s UG Textbook of Pediatrics, Ghai Essential Pediatrics, Review of Pediatrics & Neonatology, and Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Pediatrics are among the best books for Pediatrics.

FMGE (Foreign Medical Graduate Examination) is a screening test for an Indian citizen or an overseas Indian citizen who holds a primary medical degree from a medical institution outside of India to be eligible for provisional or permanent registration with the Medical Council of India or any State Medical Council on or after 15.03.2002.

According to the 2002 Screening Test Regulations, the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) conducts the Screening Test. The National Medical Commission and all State Medical Councils get the results once the exam has been administered, published, and distributed by NBEMS.

The NBEMS administers the screening test twice a year. The last session of FMGE 2023 was held on 20^th January 2023 and now another session of the FMGE exam 2023 will be held on 30^th July 2023.

FMGE 2023 Important Dates

Process	Timelines
Submission of Online Application	31^st May 2023 (3 PM onwards) to 20^th June 2023 (Till 11:55 PM)
Edit Window	23^rd June 2023 to 26^th June 2023
Edit Window to rectify images	7^th July 2023 to 10^th July 2023
Edit Window to rectify discrepancies related to windows	The portal will be closed on 13th July 2023 at 11:55 PM
Final opportunity to rectify deficiencies related to documents upload in the application	18th July 2023 (11 AM onwards) to 20th July 2023 (Till 11:55 PM)
Admit Card Issue Date	25^th July 2023
FMGE Exam Date 2023	30^th July 2023
Result Declaration Date	By 30th August 2023

FMGE 2023 Eligibility Criteria

A candidate must be an Indian/Overseas Citizen of India.
The candidate must hold a primary medical qualification that has been verified by the Indian Embassy for registration as a medical practitioner.
The applicant must hold an “Eligibility Criteria” from the National Medical Commission (or the former Medical Council of India). This condition is not necessary for Indian nationals or Indian residents living abroad who received their medical degrees from foreign institutions or who were admitted to such institutions before March 15, 2002.
The final examination result of the mentioned primary medical qualification must have been declared on or before 30^th April 2023 and the candidate is required to submit the documentary proof for the same.
To enroll in any medical program outside of India, Indian citizens or Indian citizens living abroad must pass the “National-Eligibility-cumEntrance Test for Admission to MBBS course” by May 2018 or later. If a person meets the requirements for admission to the MBBS course as outlined in the Regulations on Graduate Medical Education, 1997, the outcome of the “National- Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test for Admission to MBBS course” shall be deemed to be treated as the eligibility certificate.
Only qualified applicants who possess both the Provisional Pass Certificate/Degree Certificate of Primary Medical Qualification and the Eligibility Certificate (if applicable) will be permitted to appear in the FMGE.
Three (3) years from the date of result declaration, the NEET result is considered legitimate.

FMGE 2023 Application Form

Application forms can only be filled out once.

Instruction for filling out the FMGE 2023 Application Form

- Complete the user registration form to create a password and a user ID/application ID.
- User ID and Password will be communicated by email and text message.
- Fill out the application form completely, and submit your photo, scanned signature, thumbprint, and other papers. You are also required to mention Identification details, details of Primary Medical Qualification, and eligibility certificate.
- Select your test city and pay the exam fee.
- Accept the declaration and submit the application.
- Print off the completed application form with the Transaction ID and “S” (Successful) payment status for your records.

Instructions for Uploading Images

1. Photograph:

Candidates are required to upload two photographs.

a. Real-time Photograph: This photograph is to be taken while filling out the form by the webcam/in-built camera of the system. Take a photograph with a white background and the face must be clearly visible.

b. Recent Photograph: Candidates are required to upload a recent photograph that too not more than 3 months old. Keep the following things in mind while taking and uploading a photograph:

- The background must be white.
- The face must be clearly visible.
- The image size must be less than 80 kb.
- The image must be in .jpg/.jpeg format.
- The face must take up 70-80% of the frame.
- You must not wear heavy ornaments, spectacles, caps, goggles, and other accessories.

2. Signature:

Candidates are required to upload their signature and the digital image of the signature can be made in two ways:

a. Using a camera/digital device to directly image:

- Draw a box of 1.5 cm (height) x 3.5 cm (width) on a white sheet and use blue/black ink to sign within the box.
- Transfer the signed image using a digital device/scanner to the computer/laptop.
- Crop and resize the image to 20-100 kb.

b. Scanning the Signature:

- Draw a box of 3.5 x 1.5 cm (width x height) on a white sheet and sign with black/blue ink.
- Set the scanner to 200 dpi.
- The scanned image should be saved in the .jpg/.jpeg format.
- Crop and resize the image to less than 80 kb.

3. Thumb Impression:

On a white sheet of paper, draw a box of 3.5 cm x 1.5 cm (width x height).

Using a black/blue color ink pad, take a clear impression of the left thumb.

a. Prepare a digital image of the thumb impression using a digital device (Camera):

- Transfer thumb impression from camera to computer.
- Then, crop and resize the image to less than 80 kb.

b. Scanning the thumb impression:

- Set the scanner to 200 dpi and save the scanned image of the thumbprint in .jpg/.jpeg format.
- The size of the image should be less than 80 kb.

The following is a list of documents to be submitted by the candidates if required by NBEMS to determine eligibility:

Copy of Address Proof (PAN Card/Voter ID/Passport/ Driving License/ Aadhar Card).
Latest Passport size Photographs
Copy of Date of Birth Proof (Certificate of Matriculation).
Copy of 10+2 passing certificate.
Copy of 10+2 mark sheet.
Copy of internship certificate (if done abroad).
Copy of failed certificate/ result for Ex-candidates.
Proof of Category (SC, ST, OBC, etc)
Equivalence Certificate: From the Association of Indian Universities (for candidates who have done 10+2 abroad).

List of Documents allowed for Proof of Citizenship

Valid Passport for Indian Citizens/NRI
OCI Card and Valid Passport of the citizenship country for Overseas Citizens of India
Indian Govt. issued ID for Nepalese Candidates and for Indian candidates who have completed their Primary Medical Qualification from Nepal and govt. has not issued any passports to them.

Things to keep in mind while filling out the FMGE application form

Candidates might need to upload the Eligibility Certificate (EC) issued by MCI/NMC. If you were admitted during a time when the government of India did not require or exempt you from getting an EC from MCI, you will need to submit a copy of your admission letter to prove your enrollment in the main medical degree. This will serve as a substitute for the EC.
If admission to Primary Medical Qualification has been gained on or after May 2018, the candidate can be asked to provide the qualifying NEET-UG scorecard in place of the EC.
Online Deficient Document Submission Portal: If any document(s) provided by applicants do not meet requirements (such as an EC, passport, proof of passing, etc.), the applicant will be notified via an online deficient document submission portal.
Documents CANNOT be submitted in any other way, including by email, the Communication Web Portal, or in person at the NBEMS office. The following URL will take you to the Online Deficient Document Submission Portal: http://exam.natboard.edu.in/fmge.php

FMGE 2023 Examination Fee

The FMGE 2023 entrance examination fee is Rs. 6000 (excluding GST and payment gateway charges).

You must make sure that the payment made is successful and that the application form reflects the status as “S” (for Successful).

FMGE 2023 Exam Centres

The tentative list of Exam centres for the FMGE June 2023 session:

Ahmedabad/Gandhinagar
Aizawl
Ajmer
Aligarh
Bengaluru
Bhilai Nagar
Bhopal
Bhubaneswar
Bikaner
Chennai
Coimbatore
Delhi NCR
Ernakulum
Guntur
Hamirpur
Hyderabad
Jalandhar
Jammu
Jodhpur
Kannur
Kohima
Kolkata
Kollam
Kottayam
Kozhikode
Lucknow
Madurai
Mangaluru
Meerut
Mehsana
Mumbai/Navi Mumbai/ Thane
Nagpur
Patna
Pune
Rajkot
Ranchi
Roorkee
Shillong
Sikar
Surat
Tiruchirappalli
Tirunelveli
Tirupathi
Udupi
Vadodara
Vellore
Visakhapatnam

FMGE 2023 Admit Card

Candidates can download the admit card from the NBEMS website.
Candidates must affix the postcard size on the space provided in the admit card.
Candidate must bring the following documents to the exam centre:
- PAN Card
- Driving License
- Voter ID
- Passport
- Aadhaar Card (with Photograph)

FMGE 2023 Exam Scheme

Particulars	Description
Exam Type	Computer-based Test
Exam Pattern	The exam comprises one paper delivered in two parts comprising 150 questions to be attempted in 150 minutes. There is a break between both parts.
Types of Questions	Multiple Choice Questions
Total number of questions	300
Language	English
Marking Scheme	One mark is given for every correct answer. There is no negative marking.

FMGE 2023 Exam Schedule

Activities	Part-I (9:00 AM – 11:30 AM)	Part-II (2:00 PM – 04:30 PM)
Entry at Examination Centre and Registration Commencement	07:00 AM	12:00 PM
Entry Closes at Examination Centre	08:30 AM	01:30 PM
Candidate Login Time	08:45 AM	01:45 PM
Candidate login to read instructions	08:50 AM	01:50 PM
Exam Start Time	09:00 AM	02:00 PM
Exam End Time	11:30 AM	04:30 PM

FMGE Subject-wise Marks Distribution and Syllabus

The following is the blueprint of the FMGE Screening Test:

A. Pre and Para clinical Subjects

S.No.	Pre & Para Clinical Subjects	Distribution of Marks
1	Anatomy	17
2	Physiology	17
3	Biochemistry	17
4	Pathology	13
5	Microbiology	13
6	Pharmacology	13
7	Forensic Medicine	10
TOTAL		100

B. Clinical Subjects

S.No.	Clinical Subjects	Distribution of Marks
1	Medicine and Allied Subjects
a.	Medicine	33
b.	Psychiatry	5
c.	Dermatology & STD	5
d.	Radiotherapy	5
2	General Surgery and Allied Subjects
a.	General Surgery	32
b.	Anaesthesiology	5
c.	Orthopaedics	5
d.	Radiodiagnosis	5
3	Pediatrics	15
4	Ophthalmology	15
5	Otorhinolaryngology	15
6	Obstetrics and Gynecology	30
7	Community Medicine	30
TOTAL		200

Syllabus for FMGE 2023 June Session

Following is the FMGE Exam syllabus:

ANATOMY

General Anatomy: Basic tissues to the body, Terminology & Nomenclature
Elements of Anatomy: Osteology, Arthrology, Myology, Angiology, Neurology
Regional Anatomy: Upper limb, Lower limb Thorax-including diaphragm Abdomen and Pelvis, Head, Neck Brain, and Spinal cord
Embryology: Development of individual organs and systems, Postnatal growth & development
Histology: General Histology Microanatomy of individual organs and systems
Human Genetics: Principles of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology
Radiological Anatomy: Skiagrams, Special X-rays, Principles of imaging techniques.
Surface Anatomy: In cadavers, in the living
Sectional Anatomy: Thorax, Abdomen, Head, Neck, and Brain

PHYSIOLOGY

General Physiology
Body fluids – Blood
Nerve and Muscle
Gastrointestinal Tract
Kidney
Skin and Body temperature
Endocrine Glands
Reproduction
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Central Nervous Systems
Special Senses

BIOCHEMISTRY

Cell and Sub-cellular structures
Hydrogen Ion concentration Acid, Bases, Buffers, Handerson-Haselbach equation
Isotopes and their Application
Carbohydrates
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Lipids
Nuclear Acids
Enzymes
Vitamins
Biological Oxidation
Digestion and Absorption from GI Tract
Intermediary Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
Minerals
Biochemical Genetics and Protein Biosynthesis
Tissue Biochemistry
Liver Functions
Nutrition and Energy Metabolism

PATHOLOGY

Cell injury
Inflammation and Repair
Immunopathology
Infectious diseases
Circulatory disturbances
Growth disturbances and Neoplasia
Nutritional and other disorders
Genetic disorder
Hematology
Cardiovascular Pathology
Respiratory Pathology
Pathology of Kidney and Urinary Tract
Hepato-Biliary Pathology
Lymphoreticular System/Spleen
Reproductive System (Male & Female)
Diseases of the Breast
Musculoskeletal System
Endocrine pathology
Neuropathology
Dermato-Pathology
Ocular Pathology

MICROBIOLOGY

General Microbiology
Immunology
Bacteriology
General Virology
Systemic Virology
Mycology
Parasitology
Clinical / Applied Microbiology

PHARMACOLOGY

General Pharmacology
Autonomic Nervous System
Cardiovascular System
Diuretics
Drugs affecting blood and blood formation
Autocoids and related drugs
Respiratory System
Gastro-intestinal System
Endocrine pharmacology
Central Nervous System
Psychopharmacology
Drugs in Anaesthetic practice
Chemotherapy
Toxicology
Clinical Pharmacology and Rational drug use

FORENSIC MEDICINE

Definitions
Courts of India
Court procedures
Medical Certifications & medico-legal reports including the dying declaration
Death
Changes after death Inquest by police, magistrate, and coroner Identification
Examination of mutilated human remains
Medico-legal autopsies
Mechanical injuries and wounds
Examination of an injury case
Injuries due to physical agents & their medico-legal importance
Asphyxial death
Death due to malnutrition, neglect battered babies
Dowry death
Virginity, sexual offences, sexual perversions
Legitimacy
Pregnancy and delivery
Infanticide
Biological fluids
Seminal stains
Forensic Psychiatry
Medical Jurisprudence
Toxicology

GENERAL SURGERY

Hemorrhage and shock
Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid balance, nutrition Skin tumors, burns, skin grafting
Arterial diseases
Venous diseases
Lymphatic and Lymph nodes
Wounds
Specific and non-specific injections
Tumors, Cysts, Ulcers, Sinuses, and Fistulae
Infections of the Hand and Foot
Diseases of muscle, tendons, bursae, and fascia Hernia
Umbilical granuloma, fistula, adenoma
Abdominal Wall
Face, Teeth, Gums, Mouth, Tongue, Salivary glands, Neck
Thyroid Glands, Thyroglossal Tract and Endocrines
Breast
Sympathetic System
Cranio-Cerebral injuries
Brain, Nerves
Genito-Urinary System
Kidneys and Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Prostrate
Urethra
Penis, Testis, and Scrotum
Vasectomy and Recanalisation
Cardiothoracic System
Oesophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum
Spleen, Liver, Gall Bladder and bile ducts Pancreas
Peritoneum
Intestines, intestinal obstruction
Appendix
Rectum and Anal Canal

ANESTHESIA

Anatomy of upper airway
Physiology of Respiration O₂/CO₂
Methods of oxygen therapy.
Pre-operative evaluation/pre-medication
Anaesthetic agents, stages of Anaesthesia
Principles and mechanism of administration of general anaesthetics, balanced Anaesthesia
IPPV, Endotracheal Intubations
Muscle Relaxants
Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation basic, use of simple ventilators
Monitoring
ICU, the role of anaesthesiologist in ICU
Shock
Blood Transfusion and Fluid Electoral
Balance Sites of respiratory obstruction and Management of the Airway in an unconscious patient
Poisoning
Role of anaesthesiologist in acute and chronic relief.

ORTHOPEDICS

Traumatology
Injuries to bones and joints
Injuries of the Lower Extremities
Injuries of the Spine Vascular Injuries
Cold Orthopedics
Regional Conditions
Neuro-Muscular Disorder
Bone and Joint Tuberculosis
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

RADIO- DIAGNOSIS

Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Gastrointestinal System
Obstetrics &Gynaecology
Skeletal System
Central Nervous System
Excretory System

RADIOTHERAPY

Principles of Radiotherapy
Principles of Chemotherapy
Prevention and Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Principles of Nuclear Medicine
Common radiation reactions and management
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in commonly seen cancers
Radio-isotopes in diagnosis and therapy

PEDIATRICS

Vital statistic
Neonatology Growth & Development
Nutrition
Infections
Genetics
Pediatric Emergencies
Central Nervous System
Gastroenterology
Nephrology
Endocrinology
Respiratory System

MEDICINE

Clinical Methods in the Practice of Medicine
Common symptoms of the disease
Nutrition/Exposure to Physical & Chemical Agents
Infections
Hematology
Respiratory System
Cardio-Vascular System
Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Emergency Medicine
Neurological System
Nephrology & Urinary system connected to Tissue Disorders
Endocrine System
Geriatrics

TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Diagnosis and management of common ailments affecting the chest with special emphasis on management and prevention of Tuberculosis and National Tuberculosis Control Programme.

PSYCHIATRY

History aspects and diagnosis & treatment of mental illness
Conduction of Mental Status Examination
Behavioral Sciences
Different psychoses
Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of:
- Schizophrenia
- Mania and depression
- Anxiety disorders and hysteria
- Dementia
- Alcoholism Drug Abuse
- Psychiatric emergencies
- Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence
- Personality disorder

DERMATOLOGY AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Dermatological therapy
Lichen Planus
Diseases caused by Nutritional and Environmental Factors
Infective Disorders
Melanocytes, pigment metabolism, and other disorders of Pigmentation
Allergic Disorders
Dermatitis and Eczema
Vesiculobullous Diseases
Alopecia and Hirsutism
Structure and Functions of Sebaceous Glands and Disease
Leprosy
Psoriasis
STD

OPHTHALMOLOGY

Basic sciences – Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Pathology, Elementary Optics, Diseases of the Eye
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Sclera
Uveal Tract
Lens
Vitreous
Glaucoma
Retina
Optic Nerve
Intra-Ocular Tumors
Squint
Orbit
Lacrimal System
Lids
Refractive Errors
Injuries
Ophthalmic Surgery
Community Ophthalmology
Miscellaneous

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

Diseases of the Ear
Diseases of the Nose and Para Nasal sinuses
Diseases of Nasopharynx
Diseases of Trachea
Oesophagus

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Tract
Physiology of conception
Development of fetus and placenta Diagnosis of pregnancy
Maternal changes in pregnancy
Antenatal care
Abnormal obstetrics
Normal labor
Normal puerperium
Breast Feeding
Care of newborn
Medical termination of pregnancy
Family planning
Operative obstetrics
Post caesarian pregnancy
Pharmacotherapeutics in obstetrics
Safe motherhood
Maternal morbidity and morality
Medico-legal aspects
RCH
Current topics
Vaginal discharge
Menstrual disorder Fertility, infertility
Endometriosis and the Allied States
Genital injuries and fistulae
Genital infections
Genital prolapse
Tumors
Carcinoma
Radiotherapy in gynecology
Chemotherapy in gynecology
Endoscopy
Diseases of breast
Operative gynecology

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

Evaluation of Public Health and Concepts of Health
Environment and Health Health Education
Nutrition and Dietetics
Occupational Health
Medical Sociology and Community Mental Health
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Basic Epidemiology
Epidemiology of Specific Diseases
Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases
Demography Reproductive and Child Health
School Health
Urban Health
Health System in India
Health Planning and Management including Disaster Management
International Health

FMGE 2023 Result

The FMGE June 2023 session result was most probably declared by 30^th August 2023 and can be seen on the website, natboard.edu.in.
An applicant will only be considered to have passed the FMGE if they score at least 150 out of 300. The result of the FMGE 2023 exam is indicated as Pass/Fail.
Any question from the FMGE Examination may be challenged for any technical inaccuracies using relevant medical literature within five calendar days after the examination’s conclusion but before the results are announced.
Only genuine applicants who took the exam using their registered email address from the NBEMS Communication Web Portal are eligible to submit such a challenge.
There won’t be any Re-examination, verification, or re-totaling.
The applicants must login with their User ID and Password to download their score card.
The “in-person” verification of credentials, including finger biometrics and Face ID, is required for qualified candidates. After the results are announced, a distribution schedule for FMGE PASS certificates will be posted on the NBEMS website.
The admission slip for collecting the PASS certificate must include information about the papers that must be brought for “in-person” verification.
After in-person document and identification verification, qualified applicants will get Pass Certificates. This process is expected to take four weeks after the results are announced, but it may take longer or shorter depending on the situation.
The National Medical Commission and all State Medical Councils get a signed office copy of the FMGE results to verify that the FMGE Pass Certificates given to qualifying applicants by NBEMS are accurate.

Dermatology, Leprosy, and Venerology are specializations with elements of both medicine and surgery. The Dermatology MD curriculum is made up of initial medical, transitional, or surgical components.

Postgraduate students pursuing PG in Dermatology must refer to the latest edition of the standard textbooks along with reference books, and handbooks to learn and understand the subject.

Here’s a list of the best books on Dermatology for PG students and residents.

1. IADVL Textbook of Dermatology by Shital Poojary

It is one of the best-selling dermatology books for PG students, residents, and practitioners.
The book has three volumes.
A handy reference for all the most recent developments in leprology, venereology, and dermatology.
Updates on any discoveries and developments in dermatological technology are quite helpful.
The content of the book is concise and structured well including the essential practice ideas.

2. Postgraduate Dermatology by Koushik Lahiri and Abhishek De

It is a must-have book for postgraduate dermatology students.
The book has more than 180 chapters and 15 sections that include chapters on clinical dermatology, sexually transmitted diseases, leprosy, procedural dermatology, and dermatologic-therapeutics.
The book is presented in clear English with concise information, algorithms, tables, diagrams, and photographs.
With a focus on frequently asked questions in postgraduate examinations, special attention has been given to assisting postgraduate students who are taking exams.
After each chapter, the key topics are summarised for easy recall.

3. IADVL’s Concise Textbook of Dermatology by Lalit Kumar Gupta

It immensely benefits UG and PG dermatology students, internists, and practitioners.
The book is written in a lucid manner and concise format.
New chapters have been introduced such as dermatoses affecting mucosa, dermatological emergencies, and diseases affecting the vascular system.
The latest edition of the book is updated with the recent advances and the evidence-based treatment approach along with clinical pictures.
The text includes flowcharts, figures, illustrations, and more for better understanding and retention.
Based on the etiopathogenetic and morphological similarities, the chapters have been reorganized for easy comprehension.
The content is organized into distinct “learning objectives” at the beginning of each chapter, followed by introduction, etiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and therapy, in that sequence.
The chapter’s main points are summarised in its “Key Learning Points” at the end. There are multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that are both text and image-based to aid students in getting ready for the postgraduate entrance exams (NEET).

4. Clinical Correlation with Diagnostic Implications in Dermatology by Biju Vasudevan

It is the ultimate guide for clinicians, medical students, and practitioners.
This book’s distinctive style offers cogent clinical-diagnostic insights that broaden our understanding of ourselves as a quantum force multiplier.
It includes contemporary developments in the clinical, investigative, diagnostic, and therapeutic fields, significantly increasing the body of knowledge.
Additionally, the structure makes learning straightforward and reader-friendly.
It is a comprehensive guide to common dermatological disorders.

5. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology by Jonanthan Barker, Tanya O. Bleiker, Robert Chalmers, Christopher E. M. Griffiths, and Daniel Creamer

It is among the best-selling dermatology books.
The latest edition is a highly comprehensive and illustrative reference book for PG students, practitioners, and residents.
More than 5000 images have been included to aid the diagnosis and variations in disease manifestation.
Every disorder topic is explained in a consistent templated approach.
The book covers all the dermatological aspects including medical, surgical, and aesthetic dermatology.
More emphasis is given to the clinical significance, clinical trials, guidelines, and latest ICD codes.
It is broader, quicker, and has more dynamic digital search capabilities. More thorough, with more photos, diseases covered, and complete search functionality.

6. Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin by William D. James & Dirk Elston & James R. Treat & Misha A. Rosenbach

It is a must-have book for dermatology learners.
The textbook is concise, clinically focused, and has a user-friendly format.
The book provides access to about 20 videos that demonstrates the procedures such as laser tattoo removal, nerve block, chemical peels, and more.
The content is supported by more than 1300 illustrations.
The latest edition includes the recent advances and all the updated information including the new diagnostic classifications and therapies.
New treatment strategies for inflammatory, neoplastic, and blistering skin diseases are included in the text.
The book makes sure you keep up with new techniques and approaches for diagnosis and treatment, fresh organisms and illnesses that have recently been identified, and current applications for both tried-and-true and more recent drugs.

7. Jopling’s Handbook of Leprosy by Kabir Sardana and Ananta Khurana

It is among the bestselling books for Leprosy.
The latest edition of the book has clinical images and schematic diagrams added to the text for better understanding.
The important points in the text are underlined to gain your attention and cross citations between the chapters help to get a broader perspective.
The following chapters are updated with new topics and updated content such as Diagnosis, Immunopathogenesis, Drug Resistance, Chemoprophylaxis, Nerve Function Assessment, Muscle Testing, and the Disability and Deformities section.

The pursuit of PG is a difficult endeavour. A PG student is required to participate in practical sessions, be posted to an OT or ward, and complete junior residency in addition to attending lectures and finishing their thesis. Due to the difficulty of juggling everything at once, students frequently find it difficult to attend lectures and practical sessions. The best online postgraduate program in dermatology can help in this situation. Enrolling in such a course will help you get through the difficult part of your postgraduate studies.

The Dermatology MD e-lecture series by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar and Dr. S. Sacchidanand is among the top PG dermatology lecture series available. All the topics have been carefully chosen, taking into consideration the postgraduate students’ most frequent questions and informational needs.

For students who want to excel in the post-graduate degree, this lecture series elements appropriately address students’ needs for confronting significant clinical issues and diseases, assisting them in understanding social and community dermatology. Dermatology e-lecture series include video lectures supported by benchmark trials, well-illustrated notes, self-assessment questions, spotters, colour-coded drug formulary, benchmark trials and regular chat shows.

Obstetrics and gynecology is among the vast medical PG specialties. In order to thoroughly cover all the topics, you must read from standard books and top-notch resources. A student may refer to textbooks, handbooks, practical or bedside medical books, and additional material, depending on the requirement.

List of PG OBGYN Books for PG Students and Residents

1. FOGSI’s Postgraduate Obstetrics: A Textbook (Volume 1) and FOGSI’s Postgraduate Gynecology: A Textbook (Volume 2)

FOGSI’s Postgraduate Obstetrics Textbook and FOGSI’s Postgraduate Gynecology Textbook by Alpesh Gandhi, Parikshit Tank, and Ameya Purandare have found an indispensable place in the shelves of the OBGYN postgraduates and residents.
In the latest edition, a thorough examination of the topic is given with appropriate consideration to its subspecialties, which include fetal medicine, endoscopy, reproductive treatment, urogynecology, and cancer.
The book has ample illustrations of the topic, including key statements, diagrams, pictures, and tables.
To aid with self-evaluation and test preparation, each chapter includes multiple choice along with short and long questions.

2. Williams Obstetrics

Williams Obstetrics by Barbara Hoffman, Brian Casey, Catherine Spong, F. Gary Cunningham, Jodi Dashe, and Kenneth Leveno is among the most preferred book for obstetrics by medical students.
The chapters in the book include Overview, Maternal Anatomy and Physiology, Placentation, Embryogenesis, and Fetal Development, Preconceptional and Prenatal Care, First and Second-Trimester Pregnancy Loss, The Fetal Patient, Labor, Delivery, The Newborn, The Puerperium, Obstetrical Complications, and Medical and Surgical Complications.
Additionally, the book includes basic information on the anatomy, physiology, and prenatal care of the reproductive system.
The latest edition of the book has been improved by the authors with more than 1,000 full-color images having a stronger focus on the rapidly expanding specialization of maternal-fetal medicine.
This indispensable clinical companion puts successful outcomes within grasp with its cutting-edge design and examination of the most recent developments and protocols.
The updated content includes topics such as maternal-fetal medicine, greater awareness of hypertension and bleeding, a deeper understanding of fetal difficulties, modern fetal imaging, genetics, prenatal diagnostics, and fetal diseases.
The latest edition of the book contains more obstetrical sonography figures, and eye-catching illustrations, including sonograms, MRIs, graphs, and photomicrographs.

3. Williams Gynecology

Williams Gynecology by F. Gary Cunningham, Kenneth J. Leveno, Jodi S. Dashe, Barbara L. Hoffman, Catherine Y. Spong, and Brian M. Casey is the only text that combines both a medical reference and surgical procedures atlas into one volume.
The most recent information regarding topics including minimally invasive surgery, benign gynecology, and the subspecialties of urogynecology, gynecologic cancer, and reproductive endocrinology is brought together in this well-illustrated manual.
Williams Gynecology offers thorough coverage of the full range of gynecologic healthcare and disease management, including benign general gynecology; reproductive endocrinology, infertility, and menopause; female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery; and gynecologic oncology.
It contains 1,200 photos and illustrations, including 450 full-color figures depicting operative techniques.
The section on ‘Aspects of Gynecologic Surgery and Atlas of Gynecologic Surgery’ contains procedures for reconstructing the female pelvis, minimally invasive surgery, and procedures for gynecologic cancers.

4. DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics (Including Perinatology & Contraception)

DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics by Hiralal Konar is a highly preferred textbook for OBGYN students and residents as well as for general practitioners.
The latest edition of the book is crisp and is written lucidly.
The text in the book is supplemented with 790 line drawings, illustrations, photographs, boxes, tables, flowcharts, MR images, ultrasonograms, and skiagrams.
The chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated including Ch. 13 Normal Labor, Ch. 39 Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring, Ch. 31,32,33 on Perinatal Care, and Ch. 34 Analgesia & Anesthesia in Obstetrics.
The book features the key points for revision and better memorization.
Must-know topics are highlighted in the chapters and evidence-based knowledge is focussed.
One of the key features of the book includes the guidelines and recommendations of professional organizations like ROCG, WHO, NICE, FOGSI, and more.
For ease of navigation, a list of the most used acronyms has been supplied.
Additional features include The Kernel and the Beyond Series. The book material is organized to provide a topic-to-topic comprehension from the perspective of the exams.
The supplementary reading material for advanced learning is highlighted by the QR codes. This strategy aims to support and get medical students ready for their exams.

5. DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology

DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology by Hiralal Konar is an indispensable resource for medical students, residents, and general practitioners.
The book’s user-friendly layout and thoroughness make it a great resource.
This book’s presentation, which includes high-quality graphics and design, voluminous illustrations (366), excellent pictures (330), and imaging studies, is what makes it stand out.
There are several tables, boxes, flowcharts, and algorithms included for repeatability and simplicity of study. The main points are listed after each chapter to give a summary of the entire chapter. This is helpful for a quick and simple review.
The book’s presentation, which is straightforward, transparent, clear, and succinct, represents the state-of-the-art.
The latest edition of the book is thoroughly revised and updated to provide the most recent information on subjects including minimally invasive surgery, reproductive endocrinology, urogynecology, and gynecologic oncology.

6. Bedside Clinics in Gynecology

The book Bedside Clinics in Gynecology by Arup Kumar Majhi is highly recommended for undergraduate, and postgraduate medical students and residents.
New subjects have been added, and chapters have been updated and edited.
The topics covered in this book include history-taking and examinations, clinical cases, instruments, operations, specimens, and imaging, research questions, an examination of a rape victim, and STDs and pelvic inflammatory disease.
The book is enriched with 330 graphics and over 845 unique pictures.
The majority of the chapters have been updated while maintaining the same format, and several newer ones have been introduced, including changes to cancer staging, management, Mullerian anomaly classifications, and many more.

7. Case Discussions in Obstetrics & Gynecology

The Case Discussions in Obstetrics & Gynecology by YM Mala, Madhavi M Gupta, and Asmita M Rathore covers all the practical aspects of OBGYN through case discussions.
The latest edition of the book has incorporated 14 new chapters along with thorough revision and updates in the other chapters.
The book caters to the learning requirements for all the courses and examinations may it MBBS/MD/MS/DGO/DNB.
Almost all typical obstetric and gynecological practical cases are included.
The book contains viva questions that are often or regularly asked during case discussions for practical exams. Different scenarios have been developed to accommodate a wide range of questions, even within the same topic or case.

8. Tips and Tricks in Operative Obstetrics & Gynecology

Tips and Tricks in Operative Obstetrics & Gynecology by Richa Saxena is highly beneficial to postgraduate students, trainee gynecologists, and obstetric and gynecologic consultants and practitioners.
The book contains concise facts regarding different obstetrics and gynecological procedures.
The information in this book helps obstetricians and gynecologists quickly understand the fundamentals of the numerous obstetric and gynecological operations.
The latest edition explains the recent advances in the surgical aspects of gynecology.
Each chapter comprises a unique style containing different headings, such as introduction, indications, pre and post-operative care, surgical steps, etc.

9. Ian Donald’s Practical Obstetric Problems

Ian Donald’s Practical Obstetric Problems by Renu Misra is a must-have book for PG OBGYN students and practicing gynecologists.
With an emphasis on useful advice and recommendations for handling both common and urgent situations, each chapter has been updated to give the latest recent diagnosis and management guidelines.
The latest edition comprises recent advances in prenatal diagnosis, updated guidelines on managing thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, HIV during pregnancy, premalignant and malignant diseases associated with pregnancy, revised labor curves, postpartum haemorrhage, and more.
It also includes an updated appendix on drugs and vaccination during pregnancy and lactation and covers COVID-19’s effect on mothers and newborns.

10. Jeffcoate’s Principles of Gynecology

The Indian Edition of Jeffcoate’s Principles of Gynecology by Narendra Malhotra, Jaideep Malhotra, Richa Saxena, and Neharika Malhotra Bora is considered the ‘Bible for Gynecologists’.
It is among the most preferred OBGYN books for PG students, residents, surgeons, practitioners, and OBGYN consultants.
With the most recent guidelines and developments in this subject in mind, new chapters, illustrations, images, and conversations have been included in this updated edition.
New topics Adenomyosis, assisted reproductive technology, urinary tract infection, contraception, precocious and delayed puberty, pregnancy of unknown site, female genital mutilation, genetics in gynecology, and single incision laparoendoscopic surgery, etc. have been included in the latest edition.
The author has maintained Prof. Norman Jeffcoate’s narrative approach while updating each chapter to reflect the most recent evidence.

Click here to get conceptual clarity on the OBGYN MD topics.

DNB-PDCET is Diplomate of National Board- Post Diploma Centralized Entrance Test. It is a single-window entrance examination for admission to Post Diploma DNB Broad Specialty Courses. The duration of the Post Diploma DNB course is 2 years.

The DNB-PDCET entrance examination is conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS). A consistent national standard for assessing the minimal level of knowledge and skills required for postgraduate and doctorate courses is provided by NBEMS.

The DNB PDCET examination was held on 23^rd April 2023 for a total of 1073 seats for 14 different specialties. The DNB-PDCET 2023 result has been released on 22^nd May 2023 and can be downloaded from the NBEMS official website, natboard.edu.in.

DNB-PDCET Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for admission to the Post Diploma DNB courses are as follows:

Candidates can apply for the DNB PDCET 2023 in the desired broad specialty using the online application system available at the NBEMS website, https://nbe.edu.in or https:// natboard.edu.in if they have completed the final examination leading to the award of a Post Graduate Diploma from Indian Universities that have been duly recognized by NMC.
The final test result for the mentioned Post Graduate Diploma certification should have been released on or around February 28, of the academic year.
Those who are already enrolled in an MD, MS, or DNB programme are not eligible to take the DNB-PDCET until they have finished the ongoing program or have been released from it.
You must provide documented verification of their registration with the NMC, the former Medical Council of India, or the State Medical Council on the day of the exam and during counselling/admission.

DNB-PDCET Exam Scheme

Particulars	Description
Scheme	Single-day and single session exam
Mode of Exam	Computer-based Test
Type of questions	Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Language of Question Paper	English
Total number of questions	120
Total time allotted	120 minutes
Marking Scheme	+4 is given for every correct answer. -1 is given for every incorrect answer. Zero mark for every unattempted answer. Questions marked for review are evaluated according to the marking scheme.
Total Marks	480
Organizing Body	NBEMS (National Board of Examinations In Medical Sciences)

List of Post Diploma DNB Courses

Following is the list of Post Diploma DNB Courses in which admission is done through DNB-PDCET:

S.No.	Post Diploma DNB Courses	Prior Entry Eligible Qualification
1	DNB (Anaesthesiology)	DA
2	DNB (Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy)	DVD
3	DNB (Nuclear Medicine)	DNM
4	DNB (Obstetrics and Gynaecology)	DGO
5	DNB (Ophthalmology)	DOMS
6	DNB (Orthopaedics)	DORTHO
7	DNB (Otorhinolaryngology)	DLO
8	DNB (Paediatrics)	DCH
9	DNB (Psychiatry)	DPM
10	DNB (Radio Diagnosis)	DMRD
11	DNB (Radiation Oncology)	DMRT
12	DNB (Respiratory Medicine)	DTCD
13	DNB (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)	DPMR
14	DNB (Pathology)	DCP

DNB PDCET Online Application Form

Steps to fill in an online DNB-PDCET application form.

You are required to fill out the user registration form to generate a User ID/Application ID and Password.
You will receive an SMS and Email with the User ID and Password.
Then you must complete the application form and upload your photograph, scanned signature, thumb impression, and other required documents. You must fill in the information correctly to avoid any discrepancies later.
While filling in the form, you need to choose your Exam Centre/Test City and pay the examination fee.
After completing the form and carefully checking it, agree to the declaration and submit the application.
You must submit the DNB-PDCET online application form before the last date.
After completing the payment, check the payment status to be mentioned as ‘S’ (Successful) on the application form.
You must take a printout of the filled Application form with the transaction ID printed on it and payment status should be mentioned as Successful.

Instruction to Fill Online DNB-PDCET Online Application Form

New User Registration: You are required to create an online profile to generate a User ID and Password.

Applicant Login: You can login and register an online application using the User ID and Password that has been set. Following user creation, the “Go to Application” link enables you to carry on with the application submission.

Fill out the application form correctly: You are required to fill in details like name, gender, nationality, email id, contact, and more.

Nationality can be chosen from the following options: Indian, Non-Resident Indian (NRI), Overseas Citizen of India (OCI)/PIO, and Non-OCI Foreign Nationals. If you are a Foreign National along with an Overseas Citizen of India, choose OCI/PIO as your nationality. If you are a foreign national and not an OCI, then choose Non-OCI Foreign National as your Nationality.

Upload Images: Upload your photograph, signature, and thumb impression in the application form.

Instruction for Uploading the Images

Images to be uploaded	Instructions
Photograph	Candidate must upload two photographs: 1. Real time photograph- taken by the inbuilt system while filling out the PDCET application form. 2. Recent Photograph- in this case, the photograph should not be more than 3 months old. · Do not wear spectacles, cap goggles, or ornaments while getting clicked. · Photograph should be colored with white background. · The size of the image should be less than 80kb. · The image should be in .jpg/.jpeg format.
Signature	The signature can be made in two ways: 1. Uploading the signature using a digital device: (i.e., camera) · Draw a box of size 1.5 cm (height) x 3.5 cm (width). · Sign with a black or blue ink pen. · Scan the image through scanner and then crop the image to the box. · Resize the image to 20-100kb. 2. Uploading the scanned signature · Signature should be done on a blank white page with blue/black pen. · Set the scanner to 200 dpi. · Scanned image should be in .jpeg/.jpg format. · Size of the image should be less than 80kb.
Thumb impression	· Draw a box of 3.5 cm x 1.5 cm (width x height) on white paper. · Use a blue/black ink pad and take the left thumb impression. · Scanner should be set at 200 dpi. · Scanned image of the thumbprint must be in .jpg/.jpeg format. · Size of the image should be less than 80kb.

Choose Examination City: You must choose the Test City from the given options. The exam centres are allotted according to a first come first serve basis.

Exam Centres

The tentative list of exam centres for the DNB-PDCET exam:

Ahmedabad
Bengaluru
Bhopal
Chandigarh/Mohali
Chennai
Delhi NCR
Guwahati
Hyderabad
Jaipur
Jammu
Kolkata
Kozhikode
Lucknow
Mumbai
Patna
Pune
Ranchi
Thiruvananthapuram
Visakhapatnam

Pay the Examination Fee: The DNB-PDCET examination fee is Rs. 5000 (excluding additional payment gateway charges and tax). After making the payment make sure the confirmation is reflected as ‘S’ (Successful) in the application form.

Application Form Submission: Carefully preview your application form and agree to the declaration and submit the application form.

Acknowledgment of Application Submission: An acknowledgment email is sent to the registered email ID which confirms the successful application.

If any detail/field in the application form mentioned is incorrect, you can only edit it during the Edit Window. However, the following fields remain non-editable:

Name of the Candidate
Email ID
Mobile number
Nationality
Test City

List of Barred Items

Mobiles phones and other electronic devices like earphones, Bluetooth, wristwatches, etc.
Any stationary item like a pen, textual material, notebook, writing pad, pouch, eraser, etc.
Any ornaments like rings, earrings, bracelets, chains, brooches, etc.
Any other wearables and accessories like caps, goggles, wallets, handbags, etc.

DNB PDCET Admit Card

The DNB-PDCET admit cards can be downloaded from the NBEMS website, natboard.edu.in.

You must download their admit cards from the NBEMS website and firmly paste their most recent (not older than three months) passport-size photo in the designated spot on the card. The image must adhere to the following requirements:

The size of the photograph must be a minimum of 35×45 mm with a clear face and head of the candidate.
The photograph should be coloured with white background.
No caps, goggles, or ornaments should be worn.
The photo must be printed on fine paper with a resolution of at least 600 dpi.
The admit card mentions the exact address and location of the exam centres. You are urged to become familiar with the location of the test centres at least one day before the exam and make sure you report for the exam at the appointed time.

Documents to Carry on Exam Day

Candidates must bring the following documents to the test centre on the exam day:

A printed copy of your barcoded or QR coded admit card with a recent colored photo attached.
Permanent SMC/MCI/NMC registration photocopy, later retained by the test centre.
Any one of the government-issued photo IDs listed below:
- PAN Card
- Aadhar Card (with the photograph)
- Voter ID
- Driving License
- Passport

DNB PDCET 2023 Result Declaration

The DNB PDCET 2023 result has been declared on 22^nd May 2023. The Cut-off date for qualifying for the final examination of PG Medical Diploma qualification towards eligibility for DNB-PDCET 2023 is 28^th February 2023.

Steps to Check Your DNB PDCET 2023 Result

Step 1: Go to the official NBEMS website, ntaboard.edu.in.

Step 2: Click on the DNB PDCET 2023 result link available on the homepage.

Step 3: Enter your login details and click on the submit button.

Step 4: DNB PDCET Result 2023 PDF will appear on the screen.

Step 5: Check and download the PDCET 2023 result.

Step 6: Take a printout of the same for further counselling and admission purposes.

The merit list of the DNB-PDCET entrance examination is generated specialty wise and there are no minimum qualifying criteria. Questions asked in the examination can be challenged only within the 3 calendar days after the exam day.

Any candidates found indulging in unfair practices will be expelled for the next 14 attempts or the next 7 years or as decided by the Examination Ethics Committee after considering a particular case.

The DNB PDCET official answer key can be downloaded from the official NBEMS official website once released.

Validation of DNB-PDCET Result 2023

The PDCET result is valid only for the current year i.e., the year in which the examination has been attempted. The merit and score cannot be carried forward to the next admission sessions.

Tie-breaker Criteria

In case of two or more candidates score the same, the merit is determined using the following criteria in descending order:

Candidates who have marked more correct responses are placed above in the merit.
Candidates with a lesser number of negative responses in the question paper are placed in a better position in the merit.
Older candidates are placed in better positions on merit.

Publication of Merit List

All students who take the DNB Post Diploma CET test will be ranked according to the scores they received in comparison to other applicants who applied for the same broad specialty.
For each Broad specialty for which the Post Diploma CET test is held, a distinct merit will be created. For instance, only Post DGO applicants will be eligible for the merit list for DNB Obstetrics and Gynecology Post Diploma seats. Specialty-based merit lists will be released separately.

DNB PDCET 2023 Counselling

The registration for the counseling is conducted by the designated authority.
Candidates who have secured merit positions in the NBEMS-conducted DNB Post Diploma Centralized Entrance Test (DNB-PDCET) 2023 and who meet the requirements for admission to DNB (Post Diploma) programs (2023 admission session) at various NBEMS-accredited Medical Colleges, Institutions, and Hospitals in India are invited to participate in the counselling for the allocation of seats solely based on merit and student preference.
For Scheduled Castes (SC), Schedule Tribes (ST), Persons with Disabilities (PwD), Other Backward Classes (OBC), and EWS, the status of any Post Diploma DNB seats that are subject to appropriate reservations will be declared at the time of counselling.
Candidates are required to show their category certificate at the time of counselling.
The PwD candidates must get themselves certified at one of the Disability Assessment Boards, before the counselling date and are required to carry their treatment documents at the time of counselling.

Important Dates for DNB-PDCET Entrance Examination

Particulars	Tentative Timelines
Submission of Online Application Form	In the month of March
Application Edit Window	First week of April
Selective Edit Window to rectify images (Photograph/Signatures/Thumb Impression)	Second week of April
Admit Card Issue Date	Mid of April
Examination Date	Third week of April
Result Declaration	End of May
The cut-off date for qualifying for the final examination of PG Medical Diploma qualification towards eligibility for DNBPDCET	February

Things to keep in mind

Know the DNB PDCET Exam Pattern before starting the preparation.
Remember to regularly check the DNB PDCET Registration Date and DNB PDCET online application form release date and submit it on time to get to the desired exam centre.
Go through the DNB PDCET syllabus before preparation and solve the PDCET previous year’s question papers and sample papers to enhance the preparation.
Solve DNB PDCET mock test papers during revision time to evaluate your progress and understanding of the topic.
Don’t forget to affix the photograph on the admit card.
Verify and check all the required documents for the exam day.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. What is PDCET?

Ans. DNB-PDCET is Diplomate of National Board- Post Diploma Centralized Entrance Test. It is a single-window entrance examination for admission to Post Diploma DNB Broad Specialty Courses. It is conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS).

Q2. What is the duration of the PDCET exam?

Ans. The duration of the PDCET exam is 120 minutes.

Q3. When is the DNB-PDCET 2023 result declared?

Ans. The DNB-PDCET 2023 result has been declared on 22^nd May 2023 and can be checked on the official NBEMS website, natboard.edu.in, and nbe.edu.in.

Q4. What is the exam pattern of DNB PDCET?

Ans. The DNB-PDCET is a computer-based exam with multiple choice type questions. It is Single-day and single session exam. The exam has a total of 120 MCQs to be completed in 120 minutes.

Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Manipal is the first self-financing medical college in the nation, founded in 1953. According to NIRF ranking 2023, the College is among the top ten medical colleges in India. All the medical programs offered by the university are recognized by the National Medical Council (NMC) and the Medical Council of India (MCI). Kasturba Medical College, Manipal is a constituent college of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal which is deemed to be a university recognised by University Grants Commission.

MAHE offers a wide range of Undergraduate programs, Postgraduate programs, Integrated Programs, Lateral Entry programs, Diploma, Post graduate Diploma, Advanced Postgraduate Diploma, Certificate, Postgraduate certificate and Fellowships courses in medical science, health and allied sciences, pharmacy, and technological field.

Admission to the medical courses (MBBS, BDS, MD, MS, PG Diploma, MDS, DM, MCh) is done through the national level entrance examinations whereas admission to health and allied science courses, Pharmacy courses, other undergraduate and master’s courses are done through Manipal Entrance Test (MET) or Department Test (DT).

Medical Courses at KMC, Manipal

MBBS Course

The MBBS programme lasts five and a half years, including one year of required rotational internship. A month-long foundation course precedes the commencement of the programme. The college follows NMC norms for conducting its theory lectures and clinical training. The curriculum contains didactic lectures, self-directed learning modules, team-based learning sessions, problem-solving sessions, interactive assessments, and electives in accordance with CBME. It also includes clinical case presentations, benchside diagnostic training, emergency statistics lab postings, and mentorship for research.

Pre-clinical (Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry), Para-clinical (Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, and Community Medicine) as well as Clinical (Oto-rhino-laryngology, Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radiology, Anaesthesiology) subjects are the focus areas of the programme. Every stage of the educational process will integrate horizontally and vertically. The programme incorporates electives and skill modules. AETCOM courses have been introduced across several phases as required by NMC in order to strengthen the soft skills and effective communication among the medical students.

Eligibility Criteria for admission to MBBS Course

For Indian Board, obtain a minimum of 50% in each subject and combined in 10+2 grade in Physics, Chemistry, Biology or Biotechnology, and English from a reputable education board.

For IB, the compulsory subjects are Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English. IB Diploma or IB Certificate with a minimum of 24 points overall and 4 points in each subject is required. A minimum of three HL and three SL subjects are required to be eligible for admission.

Other eligibility criteria to be fulfilled to appear for NEET-UG exam are:

The applicant must have reached the age of 17 at the time of admission or will have done so by the end of the year in which they are applying for admission to the first year of the UG medical programme.
Indian citizens and applicants who are Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) must also pass the NEET (UG) entrance to register in undergraduate medical programmes in India.
In addition to passing each subject individually, the candidate must have obtained at least 50% aggregate in Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English.
The minimum combined score for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Biotechnology in the qualifying examination for candidates from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes (NCL), or Unreserved and General-EWS should be 40%.
NRI and OCI applicants must submit a Certificate from the pertinent Indian Diplomatic Mission in the country of their residence along with their online NEET-UG application form to confirm their claim that they are NRI or OCI candidates. They must also save the original proof of this document so they can present it when applying for admission to NEET-eligible courses during the counselling process.

Admission Process for MBBS Programme

You are required to register, appear and qualify for the NEET-UG entrance exam.
After clearing the NEET-UG exam, you are required to do the online registration and fill counselling choices on MCC/ KEA/ JCECEB Portal. Then, go through the counselling and seat allotment procedure conducted by MCC/ KEA/ JCECEB.
After the seat confirmation during the counselling session, go ahead with the admission formalities of the college.

Click here to know the details about the NEET-UG Entrance Examination.

MD/MS Course

Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Master of Surgery (MS) are three-year long postgraduate degrees offered at KMC in the medical stream. The college has 253 postgraduate seats including the super specialty.

The PG curriculum comprises training in basic medical sciences and allied clinical specialties. Training in Basic Medical Sciences includes lectures, journal clubs, group discussions, laboratory and experimentation work, exposure to applied aspects of subject relevant to clinical practice, and seminars. Training in clinical disciplines includes management and treatment of patients, clinical meetings, grand rounds, clinico-pathological conferences, practical training in diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment, and operations.

In the PG curriculum, training is given in basic medical science subjects along with applied and allied subjects related to the concerned disciplines. The PG students also participate in teaching the undergraduate students and interns, attend the monthly mortality meetings conducted by hospitals, and more. Training in Medical Audit, Management, Health Information System, Health Economics, Pharmacoeconomics, Basics of statistics, Exposure to human behaviour studies, and Introduction to nonlinear mathematics is also included in the PG curriculum.

The following specializations are available in the MD Programme at KMC, Manipal:

Anaesthesiology
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Community Medicine
Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy
Emergency Medicine
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
General Medicine
Hospital Administration
Immunohaematology & Blood Transfusion
Microbiology
Pediatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Respiratory Medicine
Radiodiagnosis
Radiotherapy
Palliative Medicine

The following specializations are available in the MS Programme at KMC, Manipal:

General Surgery
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ophthalmology
Orthopaedics
Otorhinolaryngology

Eligibility Criteria for admission to MD/MS Course at KMC, Manipal

MBBS degree received by the candidate must be from the NMC and MCI recognized institution or college.
Candidates must have finished the internship by March 28, of the respective academic year or earlier.
Candidates who have earned a degree from a foreign country are required to be licenced medical practitioners in that nation and must acquire a temporary registration certificate from the National Medical Council (NMC).
According to the Screening Test Regulations, 2002, all Indian citizens and Indian citizens living abroad who received their primary medical degrees from medical schools outside of India must have passed the screening test administered by the National Board of Examinations to become eligible for admission to postgraduate courses.
Candidate must also follow all the eligibility requirements of the NEET-PG entrance examination.

Admission Process for MD/MS Programme

For admission to various MD/MS programmes, you are required to register, appear and qualify the NEET PG entrance examination.
After cracking the NEET-PG exam, you must register online and fill your choices for the counselling on the MCC/KEA portal.
Then, online counselling and seat allotment is done by MCC. After getting admission, you are required to report to the college with the required documents and complete the admission formalities.

Postgraduate students also have an opportunity to join the PhD program conducted by colleges.

MD-PhD and MS-PhD Programme

Integrated MD/MS degree with PhD degree is an opportunity for the medical postgraduates to pursue their interest in research. The program also encourages the physicians to have a research-oriented career and channelise the existing clinical resources into significant research output.

Admission for Integrated PhD Programme can be done:

During admission to PG course, one can opt for MD-PhD or MS-PhD Programme as per the specialisation.
During the MD course, candidates can go with research and submit their topic which is then reviewed, and guide is assigned for PhD.
After completion of Master’s degree.

Super-specialty Courses at KMC, Manipal

List of DM and MCh Courses with Eligibility Criteria

Courses	Eligible Qualification
DM Cardiology	MD/DNB (General Medicine/Paediatrics/Respiratory Medicine)
DM Gastroenterology	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
DM Infectious Disease	MD/DNB (General Medicine/Paediatrics/Tropical Medicine/Respiratory Medicine)
DM Medical Genetics	MD/MS/DNB (General Medicine/Obstetrics & Gynaecology)
DM Medical Oncolgy	MD/DNB (General Medicine/Paediatrics/Radiotherapy / Radiation Oncology)
DM Nephrology	MD/DNB (General Medicine/Paediatrics)
DM Neurology	MD/DNB (General Medicine/Paediatrics)
DM Critical Care Medicine	MD/DNB (General Medicine, Paediatrics, Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Respiratory Medicine)
MCh Cardiothoracic Surgery	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
MCh Neuro Surgery	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
MCh Paediatric Surgery	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
MCh Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
MCh Urology	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
MCh Paediatric Orthopedics	MS/DNB Orthopaedics
MCh Hand Surgery	MS/DNB Orthopaedics and General Surgery
MCh Reproductive Medicine & Surgery	MD/MS/DNB Obstetrics & Gynaecology

List of Fellowship Programmes with the Eligibility Criteria

Fellowship programs	Duration	Eligible Qualification
Fellowship in Advanced Obstetric Ultrasound	1	Post Graduate Diploma or MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology/Radiology
Fellowship in Diabetes	1	MD/DNB General Medicine
Fellowship in Fetal Medicine	2	PG Diploma/MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology/Radiology
Fellowship in Gynaecologic Oncology	1	MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Fellowship in Neonatology		MS/DNB (Paediatrics)
Fellowship in Neuroanesthesia	1	MD Anaesthesiology
Fellowship in Oncopathology	1	MD/DNB in Pathology or its equivalent
Fellowship in Oncosurgery	2	MCh/DNB Surgical Oncology/MS/DNB General Surgery
Fellowship in Paediatric Anaesthesia	1	MD Anaesthesiology/DNB Anaesthesiology
Fellowship in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology	2	MD Paediatrics/DNB Paediatrics
Fellowship in Skull Base and Head & Neck Surgery	2	MD/DNB in Pathology or its equivalent
Fellowship in Urogynecology, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery	1	MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Fellowship in Interventional Radiology	1	MD Radiology/DNB Radiology
Fellowship in Infectious Diseases	1	MD/DNB General Medicine/Microbiology
Fellowship in Head and Neck Oncology	1	MS/DNB ENT/General Surgery
Fellowship in Geriatrics	1	MD General Medicine

KMC, Manipal Courses and Fee Structure

MBBS Fee Structure at KMC, Manipal

Undergraduate Courses	Caution Deposit (in Rs.)	Total Course Fee including Caution Deposit (in Rs.) (As per 2023-2024 Batch)
MBBS	10,000	70,88,500

MD/MS Fee Structure at KMC, Manipal

Postgraduate Courses	Caution Deposit (in Rs.)	Total Course Fee including Caution Deposit (in Rs.) (As per 2023-2024 Batch)
MD Anaesthesiology	10,000	65,44,000
MD Anatomy	10,000	14,65,000
MD Biochemistry	10,000	14,65,000
MD Community Medicine	10,000	37,60,000
MD Dermatology, Venerology & Leprosy	10,000	85,90,000
MD Emergency Medicine	10,000	79,30,000
MD Forensic Medicine	10,000	14,65,000
MD General Medicine	10,000	83,56,000
MD Hospital Administration	10,000	51,10,000
MD Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion	10,000	58,60,000
MD Microbiology	10,000	42,10,000
MD Paediatrics	10,000	85,90,000
MD Palliative Medicine	10,000	42,10,000
MD Pathology	10,000	58,60,000
MD Pharmacology	10,000	36,10,000
MD Physiology	10,000	14,65,000
MD Psychiatry	10,000	65,44,000
MD Radiodiagnosis	10,000	1,01,74,000
MD Radiotherapy	10,000	59,50,000
MD Respiratory Medicine	10,000	59,50,000
MS General Surgery	10,000	76,33,000
MS Obstetrics & Gynaecology	10,000	76,33,000
MS Ophthalmology	10,000	79,30,000
MS Orthopaedics	10,000	85,90,000

DM/MCh Fee Structure at KMC, Manipal

Super specialization Courses	Caution Money (in Rs.)	Total Course Fee including Caution Deposit (in Rs.) (As per 2023-2024 Batch)
DM Cardiology	10,000	83,59,000
DM Critical Care Medicine	10,000	49,60,000
DM Gastroenterology	10,000	79,96,000
DM Infectious Disease	10,000	49,60,000
DM Medical Genetics	10,000	66,10,000
DM Medical Oncology	10,000	72,70,000
DM Nephrology	10,000	79,96,000
DM Neurology	10,000	72,70,000
MCh Cardiothoracic Surgery	10,000	49,60,000
MCh Neurosurgery	10,000	72,70,000
MCh Pediatric Surgery	10,000	49,60,000
MCh Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery	10,000	49,60,000
MCh Urology	10,000	87,22,000
MCh Hand Surgery	10,000	49,60,000
MCh Pediatric Orthopedics	10,000	49,60,000
MCh Reproductive Medicine & Surgery	10,000	49,60,000

Fee Structure for Fellowship Programs

Fellowship programs	Total Course Fee including Caution Deposit (in Rs.) (As per 2023-2024 Batch)
Fellowship Advanced Obstetric Ultrasound	6,00,000
Fellowship Diabetes	8,00,000
Fellowship Gynaecologic Oncology	8,50,000
Fellowship Neonatology	8,00,000
Fellowship Neuroanesthesia	9,00,000
Fellowship Oncopathology	10,00,000
Fellowship Oncosurgery	20,00,000
Fellowship Pediatric Anaesthesia	8,00,000
Fellowship in Pediatric Haematology and Oncology	20,00,000
Fellowship Skull Base and Head & Neck Surgery	20,00,000
Fellowship in Urogynecology, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstrucutive Surgery	8,50,000

International Collaboration of KMC, Manipal

KMC Manipal has collaborated with international institutions all over the world such as Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam; King’s College in London; University of New Brunswick in Canada; University of Lille in France; University of Mississippi in the United States; Ochsner Clinic Foundation in the United States for academic, research, and student exchange programmes to demonstrate its global credentials. Students good in academics and professional standing also gets the opportunity to pursue the elective courses from the international universities, such as from Yale School of Medicine, New Haven; Weil Cornell School of Medicine; McGill University, Canada; Flinders University, Australia; Boston University School of Med, Boston, etc.

Clinical Exposure at KMC, Manipal

For the benefit of the students, KMC, Manipal is affixed to a 2,032-bed teaching hospital. With top-notch medical facilities; the hospital is one of the biggest in the area. Students can gain additional clinical experience through the hospital’s community outreach programmes.

KMC Manipal Facilities

Other amenities at KMC include a gymnasium, sports fields, skill laboratories, museums, libraries, and an indoor multi-sport facility of world calibre. Wi-Fi is provided across the entire campus, and there are additional resources for e-learning, online library access, hospital and emergency care, counselling sessions for students and teacher-guardians, and inter- and intradisciplinary research facilities to help students develop their research abilities.

KMC, Manipal Scholarships

Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) Manipal offers the following scholarships to its undergraduate and postgraduate medical students:

Kalam-Pai, Freeship and Scholars Scholarship for MBBS & BDS Programs
Merit Scholarship for Post Graduate (PG) Medical/Dental and Super Specialty (SS) Programs
Scholar and Achiever Scholarship for All Other Under Graduate (UG) & Post Graduate (PG) Programs
Scholarships for Academy of General Education Students (SAGES)
Academy of General Education (AGE) Scholarship for AGE Students
Merit Scholarships for International Students
Scholarship for Konkani speaking students
Merit Scholarship for Children of MAHE Manipal Alumni
Scholarship Scheme of Interest Subsidy on Education Loan for MAHE students
AICTE Tuition Fee Waiver (TFW) and PG Scholarships
ITC Scholarship

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the fees for MBBS at KMC Manipal?

Ans. The complete fees for MBBS course at KMC, Manipal is Rs. 70,88,500.

Q2. Is it worth it to study MBBS at KMC Manipal?

Ans. Yes, KMC, Manipal is among the top medical institutions in India, accompanied with 2000+ bedded hospital for the best clinical exposure for the medical students.

Q3. Is KMC college private or public?

Ans. KMC, Manipal is a private college. It is a constituent college of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal which is deemed to be a university recognised by University Grants Commission.

Dermatology is becoming one of the most competitive specialties in the medical sciences. Getting into this field requires years of training, in-depth knowledge, and a lot of hard work and patience throughout. Dermatology is a field of medical science that involves the research, study, diagnosis, and management of health conditions related to skin, hair, nails, and membranes. In several areas, including dermatosurgery, dermatopathology, genetics and molecular research, melanocyte research, lasers, cosmetic dermatology, etc., dermatology has made significant improvements lately.

Dermatologists are medical professionals trained to treat skin, hair and nail conditions via medications, surgical, topical, and other methods. They can perform cryosurgery, laser surgery, microdermabrasion, ultraviolet light treatment, and many more procedures. Dermatologists examine the patients, take down their medical history, identify any abnormalities, and recommend treatments. Depending on the severity of the disease and the patient’s state, they provide patients with appropriate treatment strategies. Even though a lot of advancement has been done in the field, senior and eminent dermatologists still prefer to limit themselves to the tried-and-true older therapies whereas the availability of various new therapies including lasers, botox, dermal fillers, biologicals, and immunoglobulins for the treatment of various disorders has created a lot of excitement among the young dermatologists.

Let’s explore the education and training requirements, job responsibilities, career prospects as a dermatologist, and much more.

Steps for Becoming a Dermatologist

Here’s an easy guide elaborating the steps to becoming a dermatologist.

Step 1: Complete your senior secondary education.

You must complete the 12^th standard in the PCB stream and score a minimum of 50% marks in each of the four major subjects—Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English—from an accredited board.

Step 2: Clear the NEET UG entrance examination.

After completing the 12th standard, the main task is to clear the National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test for Undergraduates (NEET-UG) with a good score. NEET-UG, a single window entrance exam considered for admission to MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BUMS, BHMS, and other undergraduate medical programmes at approved/recognized Medical/Dental/AYUSH and other Colleges/Deemed Universities/Institutes (AIIMS & JIPMER) in India.

You must pass the NEET-UG test and go through the counselling and other admissions procedures to get admitted to a medical college for an MBBS programme, which is a prime requirement for becoming a dermatologist.

Step 3: Complete your MBBS degree along with the internship.

After being accepted into a medical college, complete your undergraduate course along with a one-year rotational internship which is a part of the MBBS programme. Obtain your undergraduate MBBS degree with a minimum cumulative GPA of 50%. You must pay special attention to the lectures, practical sessions, ward postings, seminars, conferences, etc. during your graduation since they establish a strong basis for your studies. It is at this point that you learn the fundamentals of every medical specialty that is offered. You will now be able to identify the area of interest in which you desire to pursue your postgraduate degree.

To complement your college lectures and practical sessions, a medical student can enroll in online mbbs courses by eminent professors wherein you get access to video lectures, notes, practice questions, clinical case demonstrations.

Step 4: Clear the NEET PG or INI-CET entrance examination.

After receiving your MBBS degree, you must pass the NEET PG or INI-CET test to be admitted to medical postgraduate programmes. While INI-CET is a national-level entrance examination for admission to MS/MD/DM (6 years)/M.Ch (6 years) and MDS courses at the INI Institutes, which includes AIIMS, JIPMER, etc. whereas NEET-PG is a national-level entrance examination for admission to MS/MD/PG Diploma programmes at various government and private universities across India.

Based on the entrance exam scores, applicants can choose their postgraduate specialization and college during the counselling process. An aspirant must select an MD degree with a Dermatology specialization if they want to pursue a career as a dermatologist or can pursue MS in general surgery and go for a super specialization in Dermatosurgery or Cosmetic Surgery.

Step 5: Complete your PG degree.

Following admittance into a medical college with MCI accreditation, finish your three-year master’s degree and submit your PG dissertation. A PG curriculum includes conferences, symposiums, seminars, audits, clinical postings, clinical meetings, etc.

During your PG degree, enrolling in best online dermatology course can benefit you a lot as it provides access to case demonstration sessions by eminent dermatologists, highly illustrative video lectures, notes, spotters, practice questions and access to much more.

Step 6: Finish the residence programme and obtain your license for the practice.

Finish your residency to receive your medical certification and obtain your license to practice as a dermatologist after receiving your PG degree.

Step 7: Crack the NEET-SS entrance exam.

Complete your super specialization after earning your PG degree. The sole entrance exam required for participation in a range of DM/MCh and DrNB Super Specialty programmes is an eligibility-cum-ranking examination known as NEET-SS.

Dermatology Specialties

The dermatology subject has expanded its roots to various fields,

Dermatosurgery
Cosmetic Dermatology
Dermatopathology
Trichology
Immunodermatology
Mohs surgery
Pediatric Dermatology
Teledermatology
Dermatoepidemiology

Courses to Pursue a Career in Dermatology

MBBS (Dermatology as a subject included in the curriculum)
PG Course in Dermatology Specialty (MD degree in Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy)
DNB course in Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy
FCPS (Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy)
Diploma course in Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy
Super specialty courses in Dermatology

A course curriculum of the Dermatology specialization involves a collection of educational activities that will help students develop fundamental knowledge and abilities including Lectures, Journal Club & Subject seminars, Student Symposium, Ward Rounds, teaching rounds, Clinical Case Presentations, and Clinico-Pathological Conference (CPC), Inter-Departmental Meetings, Teaching Skills, Continuing Medical Education Programmes (CME), Conferences, Clinical Rotations, and meetings. This course makes you competent enough to deal with dermatologic emergencies like angioedema, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Pemphigus, drug reaction, Necrotic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).

Click here to enroll in online dermatology e-lecture series by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar and Dr. S. Sacchidanand.

Skills required for becoming a Dermatology

Becoming a dermatologist is not an easy feat. You must possess the following skills to have a successful career in medical field.

Interpersonal and leadership skills
Clinical and diagnostic skills
Effective communication skills
Be able to manage oneself, people, time, and things
Critical thinking and active listening
Adaptability/Flexibility
Ability to handle a variety of relationships with co-workers, patients, and their families.
Aptitude to lead interdisciplinary teams, collaboration, emotional fortitude, and the ability to function successfully under duress
Problem-solving and diagnostic abilities
Exceptional organizing skills
decision-making abilities and managing time and resources for the benefit of patients
should be good at biology and MBBS core subjects

Responsibilities of a Dermatologist

The student should be familiar with the fundamental sciences as they relate to dermatology, including anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, and pharmacology.
The learner should become deeply knowledgeable about his or her subject including modern developments.
The student should be well-versed in all bedside practices, including diagnostic and therapeutic ones, and knowledgeable of the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic options.
The student should have gained procedural and practical knowledge of the subject.
Utilizing pertinent investigations, critically analyze, start an inquiry, and clinically manage instances of leprosy, venereology, and dermatology.
Plans and recommendations for patient rehabilitation and prevention should be made.
Capable of ensuring the execution of national health programmes, notably in leprosy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Develop your training in the following areas: professionalism, attitude, research methods, and communication skills.
The student must be able to analyze published studies, develop a research project, explore library and internet resources, and understand the fundamentals of research techniques.
Should be competent to conduct ethical dermatological practice.
Recognize the patients’ medical demands and fulfill professional duties following professional ethics and the National Health Policy’s guiding principles.
The student should gain competency in teaching medical/paramedical students and master the fundamentals of the teaching approach.
Important to have developed problem-solving abilities
Medical professional must Give advice regarding skin care and treatments
Should perform cosmetic treatments

Scope and Salary of a Dermatologist

This rewarding medical specialty includes many subspecialties that lead to highly lucrative career options for aspiring dermatologists. Dermatology is a blend of the medical field + procedures/surgery. Not just among the general population but also among colleagues from other disciplines, awareness of the effects of skin disorders and the critical function of the “skin specialist” is rising.

There are more dermatology residents than ever due to the ongoing rise in demand for dermatological specialists and the residents. Basic dermatological treatment is supplemented by cosmetic and advanced dermatological procedures in many contexts, but in some, they are almost completely replacing it. Even though training in dermatologic and cosmetic surgery is now a necessary component of postgraduate study in dermatology, more trainees are choosing fellowship programmes that focus on surgery.

The average salary of a dermatologist is around 15-20 LPA in the beginning. Later, the area of expertise, geographical location, job profile, and job sector along with several other factors determine the pay scale of a dermatologist. The job profiles associated with Dermatology are as follows:

Dermatologist
Skin Specialist
Cosmetic Surgeon
Cosmetologist
Lecturer
Physician
Research Associate
Aesthetic Dermatologist

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. What should I study to become a dermatologist?

Ans. You should first complete your 12^th standard with the PCB stream. Then, after cracking the NEET-UG exam, you must pursue MBBS undergraduate medical degree. Later, for specialization, after cracking the NEET-PG exam, you must pursue a PG degree in Dermatology specialty, i.e., MD in Dermatology, Venerology, and Leprosy course.

Q2. Is dermatology MD or MS?

Ans. The postgraduate specialization to be pursued in dermatology is an MD degree. Doctor of Medicine in Dermatology is a 3-year postgraduation course.

Q3. What does a dermatologist do?

Ans. Dermatologists are medical professionals trained to treat skin, nails, and hair conditions via medications, surgical, topical, and other methods. They can perform cryosurgery, laser surgery, microdermabrasion, ultraviolet light treatment, and many more procedures. Dermatologists examine the patients, take down their medical history, identify any abnormalities, and recommend treatments.

After completing 12^th standard, students who want to pursue their career in medicine must take the NEET-UG entrance examination. Around 15 lakh aspirants appeared for the exam last year which itself is a huge number for a total of about 78,000 thousand medical seats in India. Hence, it is highly competitive to get admission into the MBBS programme. As the NEET-UG exam is approaching on May 7 this year, students should polish their skills and stick to their preparation strategy. Strictly following the preparation tips and putting consistent efforts will keep you ahead of the competition.

Here’s are some last-minute reliable preparation tips for the NEET-UG Exam.

Practice mock paper with your timers on: This will help you in analyzing the exam pattern, evaluating your level of understanding of the topic, and of course, developing time management skills.

Solve previous year question papers: Solve previous year papers of at least last 10 years. This will give you an idea about the exam pattern, type of questions asked from the chapter and topic. It will boost your confidence.

Don’t study from multiple resources at the last moment: Before exams, always prefer to study from NCERT books and notes. This will help you with quick revision and covering the entire syllabus with focusing more on the important topics for NEET-UG exam.

Refrain from studying new chapters and concepts: The NEET-UG 2023 syllabus is vast, and it is not possible to grasp everything in one go. In case you have missed any difficult concept, refrain from starting anything in the last days because studying any topic from the beginning and then making notes is time taking which in turn increases pressure and workload. Instead, it is advised to practice the topics you have already learned and have a tight grasp over it.

Put consistent efforts: As the syllabus is quite extensive and the level of complexity is high, you must put in consistent effort to practice and revise every topic properly.

Practice, Practice and Practice: Practice as much as questions you can. Practise formulae, flowcharts, schematic diagrams, tables, graphs, remember the conversions and values of the variables, and other crucial topics. It plays a critical role in scoring well in the exams. Write and learn all the shortcut approaches which are easy to memorize the concept and recall during exam.

Prioritize Chapters: Prioritize the maximum weightage and important topics during the last period of your preparation.

Important Units of Physics for NEET-UG:

Mechanics
Heat and Thermodynamics
Waves
Magnetism
Modern Physics
Electricity
Optics

Important Units of Chemistry for NEET-UG:

Atomic structure
Equilibrium
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Coordination Compounds
Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
s, p, d, and f -block Elements
Hydrocarbons

Important Units of Biology for NEET-UG:

Evolution
Biotechnology
Structural organisation in animals
Animal kingdom
Biomolecules
Plant physiology
Cell & Cell Cycle
Genetics
Ecology
Diversity of Living Organisms
Human Physiology
Human Health and Diseases
Human Reproduction

Maintain your physical and mental health and take proper sleep: Maintaining good health is equally important as effective preparation. It is advised to take some time to meditate and exercise and keep yourself healthy. Remain calm and don’t overexert yourself. Negligence in terms of health will keep all your efforts at stake.

Be confident: Don’t panic in the last days of your preparation. Revise thoroughly what you have prepared so far and avoid comparing yourself with your fellows. Have faith in yourself and stick to your preparation, just avoid procrastination. Identify your pain areas, clear your doubts and practice more.

Prepare in advance: Read all the instructions provided on the admit card and strictly adhere to it. Avoid carrying the barred items and get dressed as per the NEET-UG exam dress code. Arrange all your required documents and valid ID proof for the exam day prior.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Keep in mind that if you fall sick all your efforts will go in vain. Hence, take proper sleep, eat healthy food, and do exercises to keep yourself healthy.

Do’s and Don’ts on the Exam Day

Check your exam centre location prior to your exam or visit once to avoid being late on your exam day.
Go through the instructions regarding exam day, dress code, barred items, required documents and photographs and more.
Be very careful while bubbling in the OMR answer sheet.
Start your exam with the subject you are more confident in and manage your time effectively.
Don’t waste your time in thinking over a question much and do the next.
Don’t rely on guesswork. There is a negative marking in the NEET-UG exam and hence, guesswork can reduce your overall score.
Strictily adhere to the dresscode guidelines issues by NEET authority.
Concentrate on your last-minute revision.
Don’t let yourself feel dehydrated.
Remain focused and attentive.
Read all the instructions carefully before starting the exam to avoid any mistake.
Double check your OMR sheet before submitting.
Do not carry any barred/prohibited items.
Stay positive and determined.

List of Barred Items

Any type of study material, and stationery items such as, papers, pens, writing pads, geometry boxes, logbook, calculator, etc.
Any communication devices such as mobile phones, Bluetooth, earphones, microphones, health band, smart watches, etc.
Accessories like watch, wallet, bracelets, googles, cap, etc.
Any ornaments and metallic items
Any food item and beverage
Any kind of cheating material

Things to carry at the Examination Day

You must carry the following things to the Exam Centre:
- NEET-UG admit card with the passport size photograph affixed on it
- One passport size photograph to be affixed on the attendance sheet
- Valid Identity proof and PwBD certificate, if required
- Proforma downloaded with the admit card and one post card size photograph (4” * 6”) with white background must be affixed on the proforma and hand over to the invigilator at the exam centre.

Dress Code

You must follow the instructions regarding the dress code. If you don’t follow dress code, it will create chaos during frisking and you will be not allowed to sit in the exam. You must keep the following things in mind:

Long sleeves clothes are not allowed to wear.
Clothes with large buttons are not allowed.
Accessories like studs, earrings, rings, etc. are not allowed.
If any candidate is coming in the cultural customary dress for examination at any exam centre, you must report at least an hour before the reporting time.
Shoes are not permitted. Slippers, sandals, and low heel footwear are allowed.

Your consistent efforts and determination will pay off, just have faith in yourself.

Click here to know more about NEET-UG Entrance Examination.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. What is the exam date of NEET UG 2023?

Ans. The NEET-UG entrance exam will be held on 7^th May, 2023.

Q2. What is the pass mark for NEET?

Ans. The cut off marks for NEET-UG as per 2022 is 117 out of 720. But these cut-off marks are not to get admission to variety of medical undergraduate courses.

Q3. Which is the conducting body for NEET-UG?

Ans. The NEET-UG entrance examination is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA).

Q4. Which dresses are not allowed for NEET?

Ans. You must keep the following things in mind:

Long sleeves clothes are not allowed to wear.
Clothes with large buttons are not allowed.
Accessories like studs, earrings, rings, etc. are not allowed.
If any candidate is coming in the cultural customary dress for examination at any exam centre, you must report at least an hour before the reporting time.
Shoes are not permitted. Slippers, sandals, and low heel footwear are allowed.

Pediatrics is a vast medical PG specialty. No single book covers everything. So, you need to read from different books and resources to cover all the topics in detail. Always refer to standard books to get the authentic content and to get in depth knowledge of the subject in a systematic manner. Depending upon the requirement, a student can refer to Textbooks, Handbooks, Practical or bedside medicine books, Atlas, and subspecialty books.

Here’s a list of best books of Pediatrics for PG Pediatrics students and residents.

1. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics

Undoubtedly, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics by Robert M. Kliegman and Joseph St. Geme has found an indispensable place in the shelves of every PG Pediatrics student and resident.
The book is highly reader friendly and delivers the content in systematic manner.
This thorough 2-volume book puts you on the cutting edge of the greatest paediatric care, covering fast evolving diagnostic and treatment procedures, new technology, and the vast variety of psychological, biological, and social problems faced by children today.
The book has more than 70 new chapters including Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Strategies for Health Behaviour Change, Autoimmune Encephalitis, Zika, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, and more.
The book features hundreds of figures and tables for better clarity of the topic and quick revision.
Topics, such as CRISPR gene editing, gun violence, genetics, new technology in imaging and genomics are updated and elaborated well in the latest edition of the book.

2. PG Textbook of Pediatrics

PG Textbook of Pediatrics by Piyush Gupta (Editor in Chief), PSN Menon, Siddharth Ramji, and Rakesh Lodha is among the bestselling textbook for the PG pediatrics students and practicing pediatricians.
Piyush Gupta Pediatrics textbook has 3 volumes:
Volume 1: General Pediatrics, Intensive Care, and Neonatology
Volume 2: Adolescent Health, Infectious Diseases, and Systemic Pediatrics
Volume 3: Systemic Pediatrics, Pediatric Subspecialities and Social Pediatrics
It is written in lucid manner.
New chapters on autoinflammatory disorders, nocturnal enuresis, screen time, mucormycosis, and multi-inflammatory syndrome in children have been included.
Recent information on child health and nutrition indicators from the National Family Health Survey-5, the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, and the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2021 is provided in the latest edition of the book.
With an India-centred approach and solutions, pediatrics is fully covered in three volumes, eleven parts, 52 sections, and more than 600 chapters in the latest edition.
A genre-defining book written by 700+ best professors from more than 200 educational institutions in India and overseas and 50 Section Editors.
Each Chapter includes an ‘In a Nutshell’ section which includes summary points and ‘Suggested Reading’ section which includes further reading recommendations.

3. IAP Textbook of Pediatrics

IAP Textbook of Pediatrics is a collaborative work of A Parthasarathy (Founder Editor), PSN Menon and MKC Nair (Editor-in-Chief), Piyush Gupta and Ritabrata Kundu and many more eminent authors.
There are 239 chapters in the latest edition, divided into 21 main sections.
The textbook’s content has been reorganised to place pertinent clinical data and national priorities at one place. A three-tiered review and editing procedure was used to properly revise and update each chapter in a clear and understandable manner.
Coloured and illustrative diagrams make the content easier to understand.
A book is extremely beneficial to students and pediatric practitioners in India and the other nations that make up the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
It offers the most recent guidelines for treating different infectious and non-infectious disorders, as advised by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics’ Chapters and Groups.
A strong emphasis on preventative paediatrics is given, in order to familiarise the aspiring paediatricians with both existing and potential future approaches to this discipline.

4. Textbookof Pediatric Infectious Disease

Textbookof Pediatric Infectious Disease book is written by Jaydeep Choudhury, Digant D Shastri, Ritabrata Kundu, & Vijay N Yewale.
The readers of this book will find it highly helpful for diagnosing and treating pediatric infectious disorders as well as for vaccination-based prevention.
Adenovirus, coronavirus, Nipah and Zika viruses, AEFI, lymphadenopathy, bronchiolitis, pneumonia-related complications, brain abscess, rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus, and aspergillosis are some of the new topics covered in the chapters.
An annexure covering drug dosage and fluid therapy in pediatric infections completes the systemic organization of all aspects of pediatric infectious diseases. These topics include general topics, diagnosis and management, fever, common systemic infections, bacterial, viral, protozoal, parasitic, and fungal infections, vaccines, and miscellaneous topics.
With an India-centric approach and treatment, 88 pages are devoted to pediatric infectious illnesses in all its intricacies and complexity.

5. Pediatric Intensive Care Protocols of AIIMS

PICU Pediatrics by Rakesh Lodha & S.K. Kabra is well curated for the postgraduate students, intensivists and practicing pediatricians.
The book is extensively revised and updated and the new chapters for comprehensive care of critically ill children have also been added.
The latest edition is updated with the new evidence and protocols to translate research from lab to improved patient care.
The contents of the book include Protocol Based Treatment in Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Comatose Child: A Practical Approach, Management of Raised Intracranial Pressure, Arrhythmias in Children, Myocarditis, Management of Acute Heart Failure, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Management of Acute Severe Asthma in Children and more.

6. AIIMS Protocols in Neonatology

AIIMS Protocols in Neonatology by Ramesh Agarwal, Ashok Deorari and Vinod K Paul has two volumes.
The manual provides guidance to neonatal physicians and residents regarding the treatment of newborn conditions in their day-to-day practice.
The latest edition explains all the relevant procedures related to the examination and treatment of neonatal disorders and illnesses.
It has concise and reader friendly content.
The book is highly useful for the postgraduate students, residents, and practitioners.

7. Drug Dosages

Drug Dosages in Children by Meharban Singh and Ashok K Deorari is highly beneficial for medical students, PG residents, consultant pediatricians and general practitioners.
The book is quite handy and serve as a ready reckoner of drug dosages.
The latest edition is extensively updated.
A new chapter on Antacids has been included.
The edition has been updated with several new formulations including antiretroviral, antacids, antimalarials, and antibiotics.
Indexing has been done to easily facilitate the retrieval of information.

8. The Harriet Lane Handbook

The Harriet Lane Handbook by Branden Engorn and Jamie Flerlage is among the best-selling handbook for quick and accurate information on pediatric diagnosis and treatment.
The handbook has thoroughly updated content that includes expanded mental health coverage, a significantly larger collection of radiologic images, parameters for paediatric and neonatal septic shock, guidelines for acute management of severe traumatic brain injury, a handy table outlining common genetic tests, and much more.
The Johns Hopkins Hospital’s experienced faculty evaluated the first medical reference book developed “by residents, for residents” and it continues to offer the best point-of-care clinical information for any healthcare provider caring for children.

9. Clinical Methods in Pediatrics

Piyush Gupta’s Clinical Methods in Pediatrics is thoroughly updated and revised book to cater the MBBS and PG pediatrics students.
New chapter on adolescents including HEADSSS and other screening tools has been added in the latest edition.
Concept of estimated average requirements alongside RDAs is also explained in the book.
New sections based on Covid 19, doffing and doning of PPE, appropriate use of sanitiser have been very well explained in the latest edition.
With the appealing 4-color appearance, student-friendly presentation, logical principles, simple language, and graphical depiction for simple recall, this book still possesses its main charms and strengths. Contains several figures and pictures to help readers visualise the clinical examination and diagnosis.

10. IAP Color Atlas of Pediatrics

IAP Color Atlas of Pediatrics by A Parathasarathy is an indispensable tool for practicing pediatricians, graduate, and postgraduate students.
The 38 section editors and three times as many specialists meticulously selected the finest images from their respective collections to create a high-quality reference.
The Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) has developed the Colour Atlas of Paediatrics.
The brief treatment remark for the condition presented is what makes the atlas special.
1240 full-color drawings, photographs, and tables serve as enhancements to this atlas.
The presentations and educational values of the complete gametes of paediatrics, from infancy through adolescence, are distinctive. This includes additional subspecialties such paediatric ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, surgery, orthopaedics, radio-imaging, etc.
The emphasis in this new version is on making quick and accurate diagnoses of diverse child illnesses.
The atlas includes two brand-new chapters on blood component treatment, one in the growth and development part and the other in the haematology section.
A book that practising paediatricians, family doctors, academic staff, and students must own.

Pursuing PG is quite a challenging task. Along with class lectures and completing thesis, a PG student must attend practical sessions, OT and ward postings, and also serve as junior residents. This becomes quite hectic to manage everything at the same time due to which most often, students are not able to attend the lectures and practical sessions. Here, best online Pediatrics postgraduate course comes to the rescue. Enrolling in such a course guide you through the challenging phase of your PG years.

To complement the lectures and practical sessions, you can enroll in the online Pediatrics MD course. Paediatrics MD is a genuinely exceptional course designed by Chief Editor Prof. Piyush Gupta, the best-selling “PG Textbook of Paediatrics” author. With over 500 years of combined experience and knowledge, the top 100 professors in India created and are teaching this online paediatrics course, making it unique in its field. All the topics in the paediatrics MD course have been carefully chosen with the postgraduate students’ pain points in mind, for which they find it difficult to get enough information. In order to meet all of the learning needs of the students as they pursue their master’s in paediatrics, the course promotes concept-based and approach-based learning.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. Which is the latest edition of Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics?

Ans. The latest edition of Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics is its 21^st edition. This edition has two volumes. This latest edition of the book puts you on the cutting edge of the greatest paediatric care, covering fast evolving diagnostic and treatment procedures, new technology, and the vast variety of psychological, biological, and social problems faced by children today.

Q2. Which are the best pediatrics residency books?

Ans. The best books to read while pediatrics residency includes Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, PG Textbook of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Protocols of AIIMS and more.

Q3. Which are the best pediatrics handbooks for PG students?

Ans. The Harriet Lane Handbook by Branden Engorn and Jamie Flerlage and Drug Dosages in Children by Meharban Singh and Ashok K Deorari are the among the best PG Pediatrics handbooks.

Q4. Which is the latest edition of Piyush Gupta’s PG Textbook of Pediatrics?

Ans. PG Textbook of Pediatrics’ latest edition is its 3^rdedition. With an India-centred approach and solutions, pediatrics is fully covered in three volumes, eleven parts, 52 sections, and more than 600 chapters in the latest edition.

NEET-SS is a National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test-Superspecialty and is the only entrance exam for admission to various DM/MCh and DrNB Super Speciality programmes offered nationwide, including admissions at private medical colleges, universities, and deemed universities. Admission to each and every DM/MCh programme offered by Armed Forces Medical Services Institutions and all DrNB Super-specialty Courses, with the exception of the Direct 6 Year DrNB Courses is also done through NEET-SS.

Admission to DM/MCh programmes at the following medical colleges is not done through NEET-SS:

AIIMS New Delhi and other AIIMS
PGIMER, Chandigarh,
JIPMER, Puducherry
NIMHANS, Bengaluru
SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram

The admission to above mentioned colleges is done through INI-CET entrance examination.

Conducting Body

National Board of Examination in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) conducts the NEET-SS examination every year with an objective of improving the quality of medical education and establishing high and uniform standards for postgraduate examinations in modern medicine on an All India Basis and utilising existing healthcare infrastructure. A consistent national standard for evaluating the minimal level of knowledge and skills required for postgraduate and postdoctoral training is provided by NBEMS.

Important Dates

Particulars	Tentative Timelines for 2023 session
Online Submission of Application Form	27th July 2023 (3 PM Onwards) to 16th August 2023 (Till 11:55PM)
Edit Window	19th August 2023 to 21st August 2023
Final Edit Window to rectify uploaded images	26th August 2023 to 28th August 2023
Admit Card Issue Date	4th September 2023 (Revised Date: 22nd September 2023)
Examination Date	9th & 10th September 2023 (Revised Dates: 29th & 30th September 2023)
Cut Off Date for qualifying MD/ MS/DNB Broad Specialty qualification	30th September 2023
Result Declaration	By 30th September 2023 (Revised Date: 15th October 2023)
Commencement of new Academic Session	TBA

Application Process and Eligibility Criteria

Application form for the NEET-SS exam can only be filled once.

Steps to fill NEET-SS 2023 Application Form:
✓ Fill out the user registration form to generate a password and a user ID/application ID.
✓ Email and SMS will be used to send the User ID and Password.
✓ Fill out the application form completely, and upload your photo, scanned signature, thumbprint, and other relevant documents.
✓ Select your test city and pay the exam fee.
✓ Accept the statement and submit the application.
✓ Print a copy of the completed application form with the Transaction ID for your records.

Overview of NEET-SS Exam:
✓ Submission of online application form
✓ Demo Test (at NBEMS website)
✓ Issue of Admit card
✓ Examination
✓ Result Declaration
✓ Release of Merit list
✓ Start of Counselling

Eligibility for NEET-SS 2023 Entrance Examination
✓Candidates may apply for NEET-SS 2023 if they hold a recognised postgraduate medical degree (MD, MS, or DNB), a provisional pass certificate (MD, MS, or DNB), or a comparable recognised qualification, or if they are anticipated to hold one by September 15, 2022, in accordance with the eligible feeder specialty qualifications for super specialty courses.
✓ Registration with the NMC or State Medical Council is required, and written documentation of that registration must be shown at the testing location on the day of the exam.

Instructions to Upload Images in the Application Form

Images to be uploaded	Particulars	Description
Photograph	You are required to upload two photographs: Real time photograph and recent photograph	· Photogragh should be coloured with white background. · Your face must be clearly visible. · Image must be in .jpg/ .jpeg format. · Size of the image must be less than 80kb.
Signature	You can upload the signature in two ways: • Using a digital device to directly image (i.e., camera) • Scanning the signature	· For digital signature, the box size should be 1.5 cm (height) x 3.5 cm (width). · Signature must be of >5-megapixel resolution preferably. · Image should be of the range 20-100 kb. · In case of scanned image, set the scanner to 200 dpi. · Image must be in .jpg/.jpeg format. · Size of the image must be less than 80kb. · Use a black/blue ink for signature.
Thumb Impression	You need to upload the impression of your left thumb.	· Draw a box of size, 3.5 cm x 1.5 cm (width x height) on a white sheet of paper and then take your left thumb print. · Set the scanner to 200 dpi. · Upload the scanned image in the .jpg/.jpeg format. · Size of the image must be less than 80 kb.

Exam Scheme of NEET-SS

The NEET-SS 2023 test is a CBT exam. Examining the various groups will take place either in the morning or afternoon shifts.
The exam will be group-based and will only include questions from broad specialty primary feeders. Candidates may choose any of the super specialties according to their feeder topic.
All the DM/MCh/DrNB courses that are available for enrollment through NEET-SS 2023 have been divided into 13 separate groups.
There will be 13 separate question papers accordingly.
For admission to all the super specialty courses included in a given group, a single exam will be required.
A candidate may choose to take the exams for as many groups for which his or her PG speciality certificate qualifies as a feeder qualification.
A question paper includes questions from the primary feeder broad specialty topics as well as from every sub-specialty, system, and component of that primary feeder broad specialty subject. All 150 questions would come from the principal feeder wide speciality subject’s post graduate exit level curriculum.

Particulars	Description
Exam Type	Computer Based Test
Total Number of Questions	150
Duration of Exam	Two and a half hour (150 minutes)
Marking Scheme	4 marks will be awarded for every correct answer. 1 mark will be deducted for every incorrected answer. Zero mark for un-attempted questions

Multiple Eligible Broad Specialty Feeder:

In cases where there are several eligible broad specialities that can be used as a feeder for admission to a super specialised subject, applicants from each of those eligible feeder specialties must present on the test for that group.
For instance, General Medicine and Pediatrics are valid feeder wide specialisations for DM/DrNB Endocrinology. Since the Medical Group covers admissions to DM/DrNB Endocrinology, applicants for Pediatrics will also need to appear on the Medical Group exam with candidates for general medicine. A candidate may only exercise their options in the counselling for those superspecialty subjects covered in the group for which they appeared on the group’s question paper and passed the test.
After passing the test and participating in a group’s question paper, a candidate will only be able to choose those options during counselling for which his or her wide specialisation qualifies. For instance, candidates for emergency medicine will only be allowed to choose between the DM/DrNB Critical Care Medicine and DM/DrNB Medical Genetics seats in the counselling by participating in the medical group’s question paper.

List of Question Paper Groups, Primary Eligible Feeder Specialty and Super specialty Courses covered in each group

Question Paper Group	Primary Eligible Feeder Specialty	Super specialty courses included in this group question paper
Medical Group	MD/DNB General Medicine	Cardiology Clinical Haematology Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology Critical Care Medicine Endocrinology Medical Gastroenterology Hepatology Infectious Diseases Medical Genetics Medical Oncology Nephrology Neurology
Surgical Group	MS/DNB General Surgery	Cardiovascular & thoracic Surgery Pediatric Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery Pediatric Surgery Surgical Gastroenterology Hepato-Pancreato Biliary Surgery Neurosurgery Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Urology Vascular Surgery Surgical Oncology Endocrine Surgery Thoracic Surgery
Pediatric Group	MD/DNB Pediatrics	Neonatology Pediatric Hepatology Pediatric Nephrology Pediatric Oncology Pediatric Neurology Pediatric Cardiology Pediatric Gastroenterology Pediatric Critical Care
Obstetrics & Gynaecology Group	MD/MS/DNB Obstetrics & Gynaecology	Gynaecological Oncology Reproductive Medicine & Surgery
Orthopaedics Group	MS/DNB Orthopaedics	Hand Surgery Pediatric Orthopaedics
Anaesthesia Group	MD/DNB Anesthesiology	Cardiac Anaesthesia Neuroanesthesia Organ Transplant Anaesthesia & Critical Care Pediatric & Neonatal Anaesthesia
Radiodiagnosis Group	MD/DNB Radiology	Neuro Radiology Interventional Radiology
Respiratory Medicine Group	MD/DNB Respiratory Medicine	Pulmonary Medicine
Microbiology Group	MD/DNB Microbiology	Virology
Pathology Group	MD/DNB Pathology	Onco-Pathology
Psychiatry Group	MD/DNB Psychiatry	Geriatric Mental Health Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Pharmacology Group	MD/DNB Pharmacology	Clinical Pharmacology
ENT Group	MS/DNB ENT	Head & Neck Surgery

The date and time schedule of NEET-SS 2023 examination for different groups will soon be released.

List of Super Specialty Courses and their Corresponding Eligible Feeder Specialty Qualifications

S. No	Name of Eligible Feeder Specialty	Course Type		Name Of Eligible Super Specialty Course(s)
1	MD/DNB Anaesthesiology	1	DM/DrNB	Cardiac Anaesthsia
		2	DM/DrNB	Neuro Anaesthesia
		3	DM/DrNB	Critical Care Medicine
		4	DM	Organ Transplant Anaesthesia & Critical Care
		5	DM	Pediatric & Neonatal Anaesthesia
		6	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
2	MD/DNB Biochemistry	1	DM/DrNB	Clinical Haematology
2	MD/DNB Biochemistry	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
3	MD/DNB Emergency Medicine	1	DM/DrNB	Critical Care Medicine
3	MD/DNB Emergency Medicine	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
4	MS/DNB – Otorhinolaryngology	1	MCh	Head & Neck Surgery
4	MS/DNB – Otorhinolaryngology	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
5	MD/DNB General Medicine	1	DM/DrNB	Clinical Haematology
		2	DM/DrNB	Nephrology
		3	DM/DrNB	Medical Oncology
		4	DM/DrNB	Endocrinology
		5	DM/DrNB	Cardiology
		6	DM	Pulmonary Medicine
		7	DM/DrNB	Neurology
		8	DM/DrNB	Medical Gastroenterology
		9	DM	Hepatology
		10	DM/DrNB	Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology
		11	DM	Infectious Disease
		12	DM/DrNB	Critical Care Medicine
		13	DM/DrNB	Pediatric Neurology
		14	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
6	MS/DNB General Surgery	1	MCh/DrNB	Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
		2	MCh/DrNB	Surgical Gastroenterology (G.I. Surgery)
		3	MCh	Hepato-Pancreato Biliary Surgery
		4	MCh/DrNB	Urology
		5	MCh/DrNB	Vascular Surgery
		6	MCh/DrNB	Cardio-Vascular And Thoracic Surgery
		7	DrNB	Thoracic Surgery
		8	MCh	Pediatric Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery
		9	MCh/DrNB	NeuroSurgery
		10	MCh/DrNB	Pediatric Surgery
		11	MCh/DrNB	Surgical Oncology
		12	MCh	Head And Neck Surgery
		13	MCh	Endocrine Surgery
		14	MCh	Hand Surgery
		15	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
7	MD/DNB Microbiology	1	DM	Virology
7	MD/DNB Microbiology	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
8	MS/DNB Orthopaedics	1	MCh	Pediatric Orthopaedics
		2	MCh	Hand Surgery
		3	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
9	MD/MS/DNB Obstetrics & Gynecology	1	MCh/DrNB	Gynaecological Oncology
		2	MCh	Reproductive Medicine & Surgery
		3	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
10	MD/DNB Pediatrics	1	DM/DrNB	Clinical Haematology
		2	DM/DrNB	Endocrinology
		3	DM	Pulmonary Medicine
		4	DM/DrNB	Pediatric Neurology
		5	DM/DrNB	Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology
		6	DM	Infectious Disease
		7	DM/DrNB	Critical Care Medicine
		8	DM	Pediatric Cardiology
		9	DM	Pediatric Gastroenterology
		10	DM	Pediatric Hepatology
		11	DM	Pediatric Nephrology
		12	DM	Pediatric Oncology
		13	DM/DrNB	Neonatology
		14	DM/DrNB	Cardiology
		15	DM/DrNB	Nephrology
		16	DM	Hepatology
		17	DM/DrNB	Neurology
		18	DM/DrNB	Medical Oncology
		19	DrNB	Pediatric Critical Care
		20	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
11	MD/DNB Pathology	1	DM/DrNB	Clinical Haematology
		2	DM	Onco-Pathology
		3	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
12	MD/DNB Psychiatry	1	DM	Geriatric Mental Health
		2	DM	Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
		3	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
13	MD/DNB Pharmacology	1	DM	Clinical Pharmacology
13	MD/DNB Pharmacology	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
14	MD/DNB Radiodiagnosis/ Radiology	1	DM/DrNB	Interventional Radiology
		2	DM	Neuroradiology
		3	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
15	MD/DNB Respiratory Medicine	1	DM	Pulmonary Medicine
		2	DM	Infectious Disease
		3	DM/DrNB	Cardiology
		4	DM/DrNB	Critical Care Medicine
		5	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
16	MD/DNB Radiation Oncology	1	DM/DrNB	Medical Oncology
16	MD/DNB Radiation Oncology	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
17	MD Tropical Medicine	1	DM	Infectious Disease
17	MD Tropical Medicine	2	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics
18	Any Other MD/MS/ DNB Broad Specialty qualification	1	DM/DrNB	Medical Genetics

List of DM/MCh/DrNB Courses with their Eligible qualification

For DM/DrNB Programme

S. No	Name of Super Specialty Course	Course Type	Prior Eligibility Requirement
1	Cardiac Anaesthesia	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Anaesthesia)
2	Cardiology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
			2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
			3	MD/DNB (Respiratory Medicine)
3	Child And Adolescent Psychiatry	DM	1	MD (Psychiatry)
4	Clinical Haematology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
			2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
			3	MD/DNB (Biochemistry)
			4	MD/DNB (Pathology)
5	Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
5	Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology	DM/DrNB	2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
6	Clinical Pharmacology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Pharmacology)
7	Critical Care Medicine	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Emergency Medicine)
			2	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
			3	MD/DNB (Respiratory Medicine)
			4	MD/DNB (Anaesthesia)
			5	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
8	Endocrinology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
8	Endocrinology	DM/DrNB	2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
9	Geriatric Mental Health	DM	1	MD/DNB (Psychiatry)
10	Hepatology	DM	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
10	Hepatology	DM	2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
11	Infectious Disease	DM	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
			2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
			3	MD/DNB (Respiratory Medicine)
			4	MD (Tropical Medicine)
12	Interventional Radiology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Radio diagnosis)
13	Medical Genetics	DM/DrNB	1	Any MD/MS/DNB Broad Specialty
14	Medical Gastroenterology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
15	Medical Oncology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
			2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
			3	MD/DNB (Radiation Oncology)
16	Neuro Anaesthesia	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Anaesthesia)
17	Neonatology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
18	Nephrology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
18	Nephrology	DM/DrNB	2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
19	Neuro Radiology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Radio-Diagnosis)
20	Neurology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
20	Neurology	DM/DrNB	2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
21	Onco-Pathology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Pathology)
22	Organ Transplant Anaesthesia & Critical Care	DM	1	MD/DNB (Anaesthesia)
23	Pediatric and Neonatal Anaesthesia	DM	1	MD/DNB (Anaesthesia)
24	Pediatric Cardiology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
25	Pediatric Hepatology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
26	Pediatric Oncology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
27	Pediatric Neurology	DM/DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
27	Pediatric Neurology	DM/DrNB	2	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
28	Pediatric Nephrology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
29	Pediatric Gastroenterology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
30	Pulmonary Medicine	DM	1	MD/DNB (General Medicine)
			2	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)
			3	MD/DNB (Respiratory Medicine)
31	Virology	DM	1	MD/DNB (Microbiology)
32	Pediatric Critical Care	DrNB	1	MD/DNB (Pediatrics)

For MCh/DrNB Programme

S. No	Name of Super Specialty Course	Course Type	Prior Eligibility Requirement
1	Cardio vascular and Thoracic Surgery	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
2	Gynaecological Oncology	MCh/DrNB	1	MD/MS/DNB (Obst. & Gynae)
3	Endocrine Surgery	MCh	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
4	Hand Surgery	MCh	1	MS/DNB (Orthopaedics)
4	Hand Surgery	MCh	2	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
5	Head and Neck Surgery	MCh	1	MS/DNB (Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck)
5	Head and Neck Surgery	MCh	2	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
6	Hepato Pancreato Biliary Surgery	MCh	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
7	Neurosurgery	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
8	Pediatric Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery	MCh	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
9	Pediatric Surgery	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
10	Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
11	Pediatric Orthopaedics	MCh	1	MS/DNB (Orthopaedics)
12	Reproductive Medicine & Surgery	MCh	1	MS/DNB (Obstetrics & Gynaecology)
13	Surgical Gastroenterology/ G. I. Surgery	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
14	Surgical Oncology	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
15	Thoracic Surgery	DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
16	Urology	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)
17	Vascular Surgery	MCh/DrNB	1	MS/DNB (General Surgery)

All the information regarding the list of courses mentioned above is taken from the NBEMS official website.

Examination Fee

The NEET-SS exam fee is Rs. 4250 per group.
The candidate must pay the examination fee as stated above for each group in which he or she decides to participate.
For instance, a candidate with an MD in Pediatrics who decides to take the test and appear in the questions for both the medical and Pediatric groups would have to pay Rs. 4250 + 4250 = 8500/-.

Admit Card

Admit card is released in the month of August and can be downloaded from the official website of NBE.
Candidates must download and get their admit cards printed and adhere their most recent passport-size photo securely to the area specified on the card.
The photograph must adhere to the following requirements:
✓ Dimensions of the image: Minimum 35×45 mm size. At least 75% of the photograph’s area must be taken up by the candidate’s head and face, which must be no bigger than the box specified for pasting the photo.
✓ The image must be in colour with a simple white background.
✓ The image needs to be clear and show the entire front of the face with a neutral expression and with no accessories on.
✓ The photo must be printed on premium paper with a resolution of at least 600 dpi.
Candidates are required to bring the following at the test centre:
✓ Printed copy of Barcoded/QR Coded Admit card with his/her photograph pasted on it.
✓ Photocopy of Permanent SMC/MCI/NMC registration, to be retained by the test centre.
✓ Any one of the below mentioned Govt issued photo IDs (must be original and valid/non-expired):
- PAN Card
- Driving License
- Voter ID
- Passport
- Aadhaar Card (with Photograph)

Exam Centres for NEET-SS Exam

The tentative list of exam centres is as follows:

Ahmedabad/Gandhinagar
Agartala
Ajmer
Bengaluru
Bhatinda
Bhopal
Bhubhneswar
Bikaner
Chennai
Coimbatore
Delhi NCR
Ernakulam
Guntur
Guwahati
Haldwani
Hubballi (Hubli)
Hyderabad
Indore
Jaipur
Jammu
Kannur
Kanpur
Kohima
Kolkata
Kollam
Kozhikode
Lucknow
Madurai
Meerut
Mohali
Mumbai
Mysuru (Mysore)
Nagpur
Panjim
Patiala
Patna
Puducherry
Pune
Raipur
Rajahmundry
Ranchi
Salem
Shillong
Sikar
Thiruvananthapuram
Thrissur
Tiruchirappalli
Tirunelveli
Varanasi
Vijaywada
Visakhapatnam

Result and Counselling

Candidates who scored at or above the 50th percentile in NEET-SS for their particular speciality will be recognised as qualified.
By September 2023, the NEET-SS 2022 results will be released. The outcome will be made available on the NBEMS websites, nbe.edu.in and natboard.edu.in.
The candidates will be able to download their score card by logging in with their NBEMS ID and password.
There won’t be any more examination, checking, or totalling.
Re-evaluation or re-totalling requests won’t be taken into consideration.
The NEET-SS 2022 results are only valid for the current entrance session, which is the 2023-2024 admission session for DM/MCh and DrNB Super Specialty programmes, and they cannot be carried over to the subsequent admissions session.
NBEMS shall declare a distinct merit list for each group of question paper.
Candidates will be considered eligible if they receive a 50th percentile or above on the merit list for each question paper set.
The Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Government of India, will conduct a single national counselling session for all superspecialty seats (DM, MCh, and DrNB Super specialty) under NEET-SS 2023.
Candidates who are declared qualified in the Question Paper of a specific group or groups and sign up to participate in the common counselling are free to select as many superspecialty courses that are offered in those group(s) and are eligible feeders for their broad specialty qualification.
A candidate for general medicine who is deemed qualified in the Medical Group’s question paper will be allowed to select from all seats open in the superspecialty disciplines covered by the Medical Group.

Criteria For Tie- Breaking Situation

The following tie-breaking criteria will be used to calculate inter-se merit in NEET-SS 2022 in decreasing order if many applicants receive the same score for a given super specialised group, up until a single inter-se merit is established for each of these candidates.

Candidate with greater number of correct responses in the question paper
Candidate with lesser number of negative responses in the question paper
Older candidate will be placed at a better merit position
Candidate with higher aggregate marks (in percentage) in all MBBS Professional Examinations will be placed at a better merit position

Admission to DrNB Super Specialty Courses

Admissions to DrNB Superspecialty Courses (apart from Direct 6 Year Courses) must be made through NEET-SS 2023. The Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) will conduct a unified counselling session for all Superspecialty seats (DM, MCh, and DrNB Super specialty) of NEET-SS 2023 at the national level.

Here’s a list of DrNB Super Specialty Course offered by NBEMS:

Cardiac Anaesthesia
Cardiology
Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery
Clinical Haematology
Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology
Critical Care Medicine
Endocrinology
Gynaecologic Oncology
Interventional Radiology
Medical Gastroenterology
Medical Genetics
Medical Oncology
Neonatology
Nephrology
Neuroanaesthesia
Neurology
Neurosurgery
Pediatric Cardiology
Pediatric Critical Care
Pediatric Neurology
Pediatric Surgery
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Surgical Gastroenterology
Surgical Oncology
Thoracic Surgery
Urology
Vascular Surgery

Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow is one of the most prestigious medical institutions preferred by hundreds of medical aspirants every year. According to the NIRF ranking 2022, SGPGIMS, Lucknow college is ranked at seventh position in the medical institutions category. This is among the best choice for medical aspirants who wants to pursue postgraduate or super specialty medical courses in India. The SGPGIMS is at par with other leading medical institutions in the country. The college is an autonomous body and is recognized by the Medical Council of India.

The college is famous for its top-notch research and education initiatives, and it has turned out several accomplished scientists and medical professionals. The institution features cutting-edge buildings and equipment, including up-to-date labs, lecture halls, a library, and a hospital with more than 1000 beds. Rendering valuable service to the community, the students starting their careers here get an unparalleled opportunity to serve the ailing and get exposure to premium patient care, research, and education.

Courses at SGPGIMS, Lucknow

SGPGIMS provides admission to various undergraduate, graduate, and doctorate level programmes in several medical and allied sciences field. The courses offered at SGPGIMS includes MD/MS, DM, M.Ch., PhD., post-doctoral fellowships, and postdoctoral certificate courses in various disciplines. Additionally, it offers senior residency training programmes, B.Sc. Nursing course and B.Sc./M.Sc. paramedical technology courses in allied sciences.

Here’s a list of courses available at SGPGIMS, Lucknow.

Medical Courses:

MD/MS Courses

Anesthesiology
Microbiology
Nuclear Medicine
Pathology
Radiotherapy
Transfusion Medicine
Emergency Medicine
MS in Ophthalmology

DM Courses

Cardiology
Clinical Hematology
Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology
Critical Care Medicine
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Medical Genetics
Neonatology
Nephrology
Neurology
Pediatrics
Gastroenterology
Pulmonary Medicine

M.Ch. Courses

Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery
Endocrine Surgery
Neurosurgery
Pediatric Surgery
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Surgical Gastroenterology
Urology

PDAF (Post-doctoral Courses)

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anaesthesia
Intensive Care Medicine
Neuro-anaesthesia and Neuro Critical Care
Organ transplant Anaesthesia
Pain and Palliative Care Medicine

PDCC (Post-doctoral Certificate Course)

Apheresis Technology & Blood Component Therapy
Breast Surgery
Clinical Genetics & Genomics
Critical Care Medicine
Correlative Imaging
Radionuclide Therapy
Emergency Medicine
Hemato-Oncology
Pediatric Hematology
Hemato-Pathology
Infectious Disease
Interventional Pulmonary
Immunology
Maternal and Fetal Medicine
Neonatology
Neuro-Otology
Ophthalmology
Pediatric Endocrinology
Pediatric Gastroenterology
Renal Pathology
Gastro-radiology
Neuro-radiology
Vascular Radiology

Health and Allied Science Courses:

Undergraduate Courses

Sc. Nursing
Bachelor of Physiotherapy (B.P.T)
Sc. in Anesthesia Technology
Sc. in Radio-diagnosis and Imaging Technology
Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (Hematology)
Sc. in Operation Theatre Technology
Sc. in Perfusion Technology
Sc. in Renal Dialysis Technology
Sc. in Radiotherapy Technology
Sc. in Respiratory Care Technology
Bachelor of Physiotherapy (B.P.T)

Masters’ Courses

Sc. in Medical Biotechnology (Hematology)
Sc. in Genetics Counselling (Medical Genetics)
Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (Medical Virology)
Sc.in Medical Laboratory Technology (Transfusion Medicine)
Sc. in Radio pharmacy and Molecular Imaging (Nuclear Medicine)
Sc. in Nuclear Medicine Technology (Nuclear Medicine)
Sc. Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology

MHA (Master in Hospital Administration)

One-year Diploma Course in Telemedicine and Digital Health

Short-term and Long-term training sponsored by Government or other agencies is available in all the departments.

Ph. D. Courses (in all the available departments)

Admission Process at SGPGIMS, Lucknow

MD/MS Courses: Admission to MD/MS Courses is done through the NEET-PG entrance examination. NEET-PG is a single window entrance exam for admission to various MD/MS courses offered at SGPGIMS. Aspiring candidates are required to crack the NEET-PG exam with the required cut-off score and later, appear for the All India Quota counselling and State counselling. It is always advised to go through the number of seats available in the respective courses a candidate is interested in.

DM and M.Ch. Courses: The admission to DM and M.Ch. Courses is done through the NEET-SS entrance examination. NEET-SS is a single window entrance examination for admission to various DM/M.Ch and DrNB Super Specialty courses.

SR(HS)/PDC/PDAF/Sr. Demonstrator/Statistical Fellows: The admissions to SR(HS)/PDC/PDAF/Sr. Demonstrator/Statistical Fellows are done through the entrance examinations conducted by the Institute itself.

Doctoral Programme (Ph.D.):

Written aptitude test: Eligible candidates can appear for the written aptitude test. Depending on his or her prior training experience, a candidate may choose one of the three exam alternatives given, namely physical sciences, biological sciences, or medical sciences. The minimum percentage for clearing the aptitude test and qualify for the second step is 55% marks (50% for SC/ST/OBC candidates).
Departmental test: Candidates’ practical knowledge of the topic and aptitude for research and teaching are evaluated in this test, which is administered by the departmental faculty. Applicants are invited to the Director’s interview only if the aspirants receive at least 55% marks (50% for SC/ST/OBC candidates).
Director’s Interview: A selection committee led by the director or the director’s nominee conducts an interview with the applicant.
Marks distribution: The selection is based on the rank made from the aggregate marks of the three components i.e., 60% theory examination, 20% departmental test, and 20% selection committee interview.
Applicants who passed the CSIR/UGC joint yearly examination for junior research fellowships are exempted from the written exam and may be considered for direct admission to the Ph.D. programme following a departmental test or interview at any point throughout the year.

Number of Seats at SGPGIMS, Lucknow

The number of seats available at SGPGIMS, Lucknow for all the courses is mentioned below:

Courses	Total Number of Seats
DM	52
M.Ch.	29
MD	45
PDF	25
PDAF	36
PDCC	47
MHA	06
BSc (Nursing)	40

Fee Structure of Medical Courses at SGPGIMS, Lucknow

Fee Structure for MD/MS Courses:

S. No.	Particulars	Fees for MD/MS Courses (in Rs.)
S. No.	Particulars	1^st Year	2^nd Year	3^rd Year
1	Admission Fees	5,000	–	–
2	Course Fees	35,000	35,000	35,000
3	Examination Fees	–	–	2,500
4	Enrollment Fees	500	–	–
5	Degree/Diploma Certificate Fees	–	–	300
6	Migration Certificate Fees	–	–	300
7	Caution Money (Refundable)	20,000	–	–
8	Library Fees	500	500	500
	Total	61,000	35,500	38,600

Additionally, Medical Subscription Fee of Rs. 1800/- is submitted annually.

Fee Structure for DM/M.Ch. Courses:

S. No.	Particulars	Fees for DM/M.Ch. (In Rs.)
S. No.	Particulars	1^st Year	2^nd Year	3^rd Year
1	Admission Fees	5,000	–	–
2	Course Fees	45,000	45,000	45,000
3	Examination Fees		–	2,500
4	Enrollment Fees	500	–	–
5	Degree/Diploma Certificate Fee	–	–	300
6	Migration Certificate Fees	–	–	300
7	Caution Money (Refundable)	20,000	–	–
8	Library Fees	500	500	500
	Total	71,000	45,500	48,600

Additionally, Medical Subscription Fee of Rs. 1800/- is submitted annually.

Fee Structure for PDCC Courses/PDAF:

S. No.	Particulars	Fees (in Rs.)
1	Admission Fees	5,000
2	Course Fees	45,000
3	Examination Fees	2,500
4	Enrollment Fees	500
5	Degree/Diploma Certificate Fees	300
6	Migration Certificate Fees	300
7	Caution Money (Refundable)	20,000
8	Library Fees	500
	Total	74,100

Additionally, Medical Subscription Fee of Rs. 1800/- is submitted annually.

Fee Structure for PDC Courses:

S. No.	Particulars	Fees (in Rs.)
1	Course Fees	45,000
2	Caution Money (refundable)	20,000
3	Library Fees	500
	Total	65,000

Additionally, Medical Subscription Fee of Rs. 1800/- is submitted annually.

Click here to know the complete information regarding admission at PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q 1. Is SGPGIMS a government college?

Ans. No, SGPGIMS is an autonomous body and is recognized by the Medical Council of India.

Q2. Does SGPGIMS have MBBS course?

Ans. No, SGPGIMS college doesn’t offers admission to the MBBS course. The courses offered includes DM, M.Ch, MD, PhD., post-doctoral fellowships, and postdoctoral certificate courses in various disciplines. Additionally, it offers senior residency training programmes, B.Sc. Nursing course and B.Sc./M.Sc. paramedical technology courses in allied sciences.

Q3. How many seats are there for MD courses at SGPGIMS, Lucknow?

Ans. There are about 45 seats in total for MD Courses at SGPGIMS, Lucknow.

Medicine in its entirety is one full course, with an enormous amount of information and a lot of studying involved. The subject has everything inculcated into it, right from the pathogenesis of a disease, involving physiology, pathology, microbiology, and anatomy, to the management and treatment involving biochemistry and pharmacology. Hence, if your first three years in college have been academically well and you have got your concepts clear, then you will face least pressure when you study medicine.

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

According to the current CBME curriculum, the MBBS prof exam for the General Medicine subject consists of two theoretical exams for 100 marks each, and the practical examination (Practical/Clinical + Viva) of 200 marks. The theoretical exam has a variety of question types, such as structured essays (long answer questions, or LAQ), short response questions, and objective questions (MCQs and IBQs).

Along with the core medicine, the prof examination will also include questions covering allied subjects, psychiatry and dermatology.

Important Topics of Medicine for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

Focus on early preparation for both professional examinations and competitive entrance exams if you intend to pursue postgraduate studies. NEET-PG/NExT and INI-CET are now India’s two top entrance exams. The subject weightage of Medicine and its allied courses is about 35 questions each in the INI-CET and NEET PG entrance examinations.

High-yielding topics are an essential part of a successful study strategy that will boost your test-taking performance. You must plan study sessions carefully, placing an emphasis on time management, high-yielding topics from each course, and, most importantly, health.

Here’s a list of high-yielding topics of Medicine for NEET-PG, INI-CET, and MBBS Prof exams:

HEMATOLOGY

Iron deficiency anemia
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Aplastic anemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Management of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Clinical features and management of Polycythemia rubra vera
Thrombocytopenia

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Clinical features and management of Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Rabies along with clinical features and prophylaxis
Clinical features and management of Scrub Typhus and the neurological manifestations of scrub typhus
Gonorrhea
Elephantiasis
Dengue fever, Investigations, and management
Antiretroviral Drugs, HIV and TB, PEP for HIV
DOTS
Bird flu
Complications of Ascariasis
Treatment of Falciparum malaria
Neurocysticercosis
Ebola virus disease
Clinical Features and treatment of Typhoid
Opportunistic infections in AIDS
Lab diagnosis of HIV
Complications of malaria
Anaerobic infections
MDR TB
AIDS defining illness
H1N1 diseases
COVID 19 Disease

CVS

Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of Infective endocarditis
Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of Congestive heart failure
Etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of Dilated cardiomyopathy
Common causes of Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular septal defect
Clinical features, investigations, and management of Myocardial infarction
Management of MI at a PHC
Clinical features of Constrictive pericarditis & its management
Causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, investigations, complications, and treatment of Acute left heart failure (Pulmonary edema)

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Investigations and management of Pulmonary embolism
Respiratory failure: types and causes
Pathology and clinical features of Carcinoma lung
Paraneoplastic manifestations of carcinoma lung
Nosocomial pneumonia
Etiology, c/f, investigations, and treatment of Community acquired pneumonia
Factors precipitating Bronchial Asthma
Lung abscess
Etiology, pathogenesis, CF & management of Bronchial carcinoma
Pneumothorax
Acute severe asthma

RENAL

Investigations and management of Renal artery stenosis
Assessment of Kidney diseases
Pathophysiology and investigations of Acute Kidney Injury
Adult dominant polycystic kidney diseases
Nephrotic syndrome-Etiopathogenesis, C/F, investigations, & management
Etiology, Pathogenesis, clinical features, & management of acute tubular necrosis
Peritoneal dialysis
Acute renal failure
Haemo-dialysis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic renal failure
CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis)

GIT AND HEPATOBILIARY

Chronic diarrhea
Acute pancreatitis
Management of H. Pylori and peptic ulcer
Portal Hypertension
Coeliac disease
Complication of cirrhosis
Diagnosis and management of Hepatic encephalopathy
Budd-Chiaris’ syndrome
Traveler’s diarrhea
Pathogenesis and management of Cirrhotic ascites
Management of a case of hematemesis due to acute variceal bleed
Clinical features, investigations & differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis
Causes of Upper GI bleed
Investigations & management of tubercular ascites
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
IBD
Chronic hepatitis
Amoebic liver abscess
Abdominal TB
Fatty liver
NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
Chronic Hepatitis B

IMMUNOLOGY ANF RHEUMATOLOGY

Clinical features, investigations, & management of Rheumatoid arthritis along with extra articular manifestations of R
Diagnosis of SLE
Clinical features, diagnosis & management of Myasthenia gravis
Clinical features and lab finding of Ankylosing spondylitis
List of common vasculitis disorders.
Describe clinical manifestations and treatment of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner’s Granulomatosis)
Scleroderma
Cutaneous manifestations of SLE

ENDOCRINOLOGY

Thyrotoxic crisis
Clinical features of Adrenal insufficiency & its management
Differentiate Hypoglycemic coma from Diabetic coma
Addison’s disease
Graves’ disease
Diagnosis and management of Diabetic ketoacidosis
Myxedema coma
Prolactinoma
Complications of diabetes
Cushing syndrome
Acromegaly
Differentiate b/w hyper and hypo glycemic coma
Diagnosis of Metabolic syndrome
SIADH
Rickets
Hypothyroidism: CF, Investigations, and management
Thyroid storm management

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Subarachnoid hemorrhage & its management
Differentiate Tubercular from Pyogenic meningitis
Infective polyneuritis
Acute mountain sickness
C/F, diagnosis, and management of Ischemic stroke
Management of Status epilepticus
Guillain- Barre syndrome
Facial palsy
Meningitis: Tubercular and Pyogenic
Drugs used for decongestion of brain cell edema
C/F of cerebellar disorders
C/F and causes of peripheral neuropathy
Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Anti-epileptic drugs, types of epilepsy & management of epilepsy
Classification of cerebrovascular accidents, their Causes and Management

POISONING

Ethylene glycol poisoning
Management of insecticide poisoning
Diagnosis and management of Organophosphate poisoning
Treatment of aluminium phosphide poisoning
Agents causing Methemoglobinemia and their management
Barbiturate poisoning
Snake Bite

ELECTROLYTES AND FLUIDS & NUTRITION

Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Schilling test
Enteral nutrition
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Vitamin D
Nutritional deficiencies causing polyneuropathy
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Metabolic acidosis

DERMATOLOGY [ Subject carries total 15 marks in university exams]

Genital herpes simplex
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Alopecia
Psoriasis and its treatment
Scabies
Atopic eczema
Drug Eruptions
Lepra reactions
Photosensitivity
DDs of bullous lesions
Sexually transmitted viral infections
Angioedema
Treatment of Acne vulgaris
Urticaria
Deep folliculitis and cellulitis
Mucocutaneous manifestations of SLE
Erythema multiforme
Kaposi sarcoma
Lichen planus
Tinea infections
Secondary syphilis

PSYCHIATRY [Subject carries total 15 marks in university exam]

Somatoform disorders
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of chronic alcoholism
Antidepressant drugs
Anorexia Nervosa
Bipolar disorder and its treatment
Substance abuse & Substance misuse disorder
Anxiety disorder
Factitious disorders and Malingering
Anti-Psychotic disorders
Acute dependence
Medically unexplained somatic symptoms
Effects of alcohol on CNS
Dissociative disorders
OCD
Diagnosis and Management of Schizophrenia
PTSD
Delirium
Diagnosis of depression and Depressive disorders
Acute cocaine intoxication and complications
Cannabis misuse
Sedative misuse
Phobic disorders

MISCELLANEOUS

Fever with Lymphadenopathy
Fever with Splenomegaly
Fever with Thrombocytopenia
Clubbing
Marfan syndrome
Patterns of inheritance of genetic disorders
Genetic counselling: it’s indications and principles
Gene therapy
X-linked diseases
Malignant Hypertension
PCR
Methods of genetic testing
Methotrexate

All the above mentioned are the most important topics for the medicine exam, that you cannot afford to miss for your university examinations.

Medicine for Undergrads is one of the best online medicine courses, designed by Dr. Archith Boloor, one of the most renowned professors in the medical field. Because of his distinctive approach to idea simplification, his publications “Exam Preparation Manual for Undergraduates: Medicine” and “An Insider’s Guide to Clinical Medicine” have already earned a vital position on the shelves of the majority of medical undergraduates. Recent revisions to the CBME curriculum have emphasized the integration of all courses as well as the improvement of students’ procedural abilities. In CBME, case-based learning has been the primary focus, and even the exam question format is case-based. This unique method of learning the material has been effectively incorporated into the course video lectures. This course will aid the students in strengthening their understanding of the following:

reviewing the patient’s medical history
performing a clinical examination
comprehending the treatment strategy for various diseases

In order to contribute to the learning outcomes of this course, the theoretical principles pertinent to varied circumstances are presented systematically together with important case discussions. A separate section has been devoted to the discussion of the fundamentals of system-wise examination since case taking and clinical examination constitute the cornerstones of clinical practice.

In order to make the procedure easier for the students, case sheets and diagnosis forms are presented with examples. Using case studies and identification points for numerous disorders that may be examined, the fundamentals of ECG and X-rays have been clearly taught. For the purpose of preparing the students for the NEET-PG, INI-CET, PLAB, or any other post-graduate exam, the lectures will aid in anchoring high-yield topics by comprehending them at their core.

Click here to know the Important topics of Surgery in MBBS.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Which is the best Indian Author book for studying medicine?

Ans: An Insider’s Guide to Clinical Medicine by Archith Boloor & Anudeep Padakanti, Exam preparatory manual for Undergraduates: Medicine by Archith Boloor and Ramadas Nayak are among the best Indian author books for studying medicine.

Where can I find an affordable yet comprehensive online course for medicine?

Ans: The best medicine course online 2023, which is knowledgeable, clinically up to date, and still very affordable Dr. Archith Boloor’ Medicine for UnderGrads course.

From watching your first live surgery to doing it yourself, Surgery is one of those subjects that will manifest in front of your eyes every single time. Whatever you read in books will be in front of your eyes, which makes it even more intriguing.

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

The MBBS Prof exam for the General Surgery subject contains two theoretical exams of 100 marks each, according to the new CBME curriculum, and the practical examination (Practical/Clinical + Viva) is of 200 marks. There are many sorts of questions asked in the theory exam, including structured essays (long answer questions, or LAQ), short response questions, and objective questions (MCQs and IBQs).

You will have a portion in the exam about anesthesia and orthopaedics, along with the major part from core surgery.

Important Topics of Surgery for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET entrance examination

If you want to pursue postgraduate study, you should concentrate on early preparation for both prof exams and competitive entrance examinations. India now has two major exams: NEET-PG/NExT and INI-CET. In the INI-CET and NEET PG entrance exams, surgery and its allied subjects have a weight of approximately 35 questions each.

Here’s a list of high-yielding topics for Surgery for NEET-PG, INI-CET, and MBBS Prof exams.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY

Classify wounds & process of wound healing
Wound Healing
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy (principles of oncology)
Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV
Mechanism of coagulation
Pathophysiology of septic shock
Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
Gangrene
Diabetic foot
Hemorrhagic shock
5-Fluoro uracil
Delayed primary sutures
Tetanus prophylaxis
Secondary hemorrhage
Neurological changes in Diabetic foot
Complications of blood transfusion
Tubercular cervical lymphadenopathy
Hypovolemic shock
Enteral Nutrition
Metabolic alkalosis and its treatment
Day care surgery
Decubitus ulcers/Bedsores
Tetanus
Drugs used in the treatment of TB and their side effects

INVESTIGATION AND DIAGNOSIS

PET-CT
Mammography
MRCP- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
ERCP- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
CT- Scan
FAST
MRI
Causes of Intraabdominal R.O. shadows
Isotopic renography
Ultrasound
Endoscopic USG
Colonoscopy

PERI-OPERATIVE CARE

Spinal anesthesia complications
Regional block anesthesia
Loco-regional anesthesia
Endotracheal intubation indications
Caudal block
General anesthesia
Preparation of patient for anesthesia
Advantages and complications of epidural anesthesia

TRAUMA

Extradural Hematoma
Glasgow coma scale and its significance
ATLS- Advance trauma life support
Autoimmune response of body to trauma
Management of acutely injured patient
Define Triage and management of mass causalities from a bus accident falling into a gorge
Management of Roadside wound

ORTHOPAEDICS

Management of open fractures
Management of traumatic paraplegia
Treatment of congenital dislocation of hip joint
Clinical feature in 6 months old paraplegia
Compartment syndrome and its presentation, diagnosis, & treatment
Colles fracture
Structure of bone with diagram
Clinical features, pathological anatomy, and treatment of recurrent dislocation of shoulder
Ewing’s sarcoma
Myositis ossificans
Etiopathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis. Management of case of necrotizing fasciitis of lower limb

Classification of Epiphyseal injuries and their complications
Classify nerve injuries and treatment
Management of CTEV- Congenital talipes equinovarus aka club foot
Management of GCT- Giant Cell Tumor of bone
Structure of Growth plate with diagram. How does it help in endochondral ossification.
Clinical Features, etiology, pathology, and management of Rheumatoid arthritis
Thomas splint
Intracapsular fracture of neck of femur. Anatomical classification of fracture neck femur

Etiopathogenesis, C/F, and management of Pyogenic osteomyelitis of distal end of femur

Mechanism of injury, C/F, and management of supracondylar fracture of humerus and complication
Frozen Shoulder
Osteosarcoma
Causes of low back pain
Enumerate complications of fracture
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Etiology, pathogenesis, Clinical features, and treatment principles of acute osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis knee joint
Volkmann ischemic contracture
Principle in management of extremity fracture
Open fracture and its complications
Guillotine amputation
Bone Biopsy
Rickets orthopaedics manifestations
Cubitus deformity
Post-hip dislocation
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of proximal end of tibia in 5 years old
Wrist drop
B Splint
ABC in Polytrauma
Sodeck’s osteodystrophy
Pott’s Paraplegia
Painful heel
Geno valgum
Monteggia fracture dislocation
Classify bone tumors. Clinical features, management of Ewing sarcoma
Mandible fracture first aid management
Dietary Rickets
Fractured pelvis – Mechanism, diagnosis & treatment
Osteoclastoma
Osteochondroma

SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

Fluid management in burn patient
Basal cell carcinoma
Inhalations Burns and its management
Spread of Melanoma and Malignant Melanoma
Carbuncle
Collar stud abscess
SCC of skin
Premalignant lesions of skin and basal cell carcinoma and BCC diagnosis

HEAD AND NECK

Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands
Epulis
Thyroglossal cyst and its treatment
Ranula
Classify Jaw tumors
Dentigerous cyst
Cystic hygroma
Thyroglossal fistula
Tongue tie
Causes of carcinoma tongue and investigations
Applied anatomy of Parotid Gland
Causes of Lock Jaw
Apical abscess

BREAST AND ENDOCRINE

Classify Breast cancer. Clinical features, investigations, and treatment of early breast cancer
Neo adjuvant chemotherapy
Triple assessment
Fibro adenoma
Discrete thyroid swellings
Thyroid hormone synthesis and control
Lymphatic drainage of breast
causes and management
Hyperparathyroidism
Pathology of Thyroid neoplasm and management of differentiated carcinoma thyroid
Breast abscesses
Pheochromocytoma
Surgical anatomy of thyroid gland
Paget’s disease of breast
DD of breast lump and investigation
Primary thyrotoxicosis
Management of multi nodular goitre
Phyllodes tumor

CARDIOTHORACIC

Spontaneous pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax
Haemo-pneumothorax
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Blunt trauma of chest and its management
Tube Thoracostomy
Stone in chest
Paradoxical respiration and its management
Invasive investigation of coronary artery disease and indication of bypass surgery

VASCULAR

Deep vein thrombosis
Varicose Veins
Fat embolism
Coronary artery bypass surgery
Management of Burger’s disease
Define PVD, its causes.
Discuss buerger’s disease

ABDOMINAL

Clinical features, complications and management of Gall stones
Surgical anatomy and physiology of Esophagus
Volvulus neonatorum (Pediatric surgery)
Etiopathogenesis, C/F, and management of carcinoma caecum
A-dynamic intestinal obstruction
Clinical features, investigation, treatment & differential diagnosis of Carcinoma rectum
Enumerate Premalignant conditions of colon and CA rectum
Complications of splenectomy
Clinical features and management of Amoebic liver abscess
Pathophysiology and management of Acute pancreatitis
Clinical features, investigations, and management of carcinoma esophagus
Anal fissure
Direct inguinal hernia
Complications of Appendectomy
Preparation of case of jaundice in surgery
Fistula-in-ano and its operations
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Various operations for peptic ulcer diseases
Management of penetrating injuries of abdomen
Mega colon
Pyloric stenosis in infants
Pathology of strangulation of bowel
Classify acute intestinal obstruction and Management of congenital mega colon
Pseudo cyst of pancreas & spleen and their management
Desmoid Tumor
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
C/F, diagnosis of Pyloric stenosis in infants
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Management of acute appendicitis
Types and complications of Ileostomy
Complications of Chronic duodenal ulcer
Life cycle of Hydatid cyst
Meckel’s diverticulum
Complication of cyst
Electrolyte imbalance in pyloric stenosis
Strangulated inguinal hernia
Intussusception
Define peptic ulcer. Write in details its complications and management of perforated duodenal ulcer
Classify causes of surgical jaundice. Management of carcinoma of head of pancreas
Causes of bleeding per rectum and its investigations
Management of appendicular lump
Causes of Gastric outlet obstruction
Hypokalemic, hypochloraemic alkalosis and its management
Bilioma
Indication of surgery in ulcerative colitis

GENITOURINARY

Urinary Incontinence
Treatment modalities of Calculus in lower one third of ureter
Torsion testis
Ureteric stones
Wilm’s tumor
Carcinoma urinary bladder
Classification and staging of testicular tumors
Causes and management of hematuria
Causes of Unilateral hydro nephrosis
Complications of undescended testis
Hypospadias
Carcinoma penis
Testicular swelling and tumor marker of testicular tumours
Classify kidney tumors
Varicocele
Indication of surgery and complications of BHP
Phimosis
Hydrocele
Hypernephroma
Seminoma testis

TRANSPLANTATION

Indications of Liver transplantation

OTHERS

Hyperkalemia
Chemical sterilization
Sterilization

All the above mentioned are the most important topics for surgery exam, that you cannot afford to miss for your university examinations.

For your preparation, it is always helpful to have an online source of teaching, that you can refer to at any time. DigiNerve offers Surgery for UnderGrads, a comprehensive course to meet the study requirements of undergraduate students. The course has been crafted by the eminent faculty and author, Dr. Sriram Bhat, who is renowned for his book “SRB’s Manual of Surgery”. The course’s main objective is to eventually get students to stick with observation, the ability to make deductions and use their knowledge in real-world situations. By focusing on the subject’s foundational concepts, the course aids in laying a solid foundation. It is therefore among the best surgery courses for medical students. The course is divided into 3 sections:

General Surgery
Systemic & Specialty Surgery
Clinics in Surgery, which includes case history taking, physical examination, instrumentation, investigations, and aspects of operative surgery.

The emphasis has been on the clinical examination and differential diagnosis throughout the course. This will aid in developing the student’s critical thinking skills so they can effectively assess, diagnose, and manage the patient. To assist students, learn the art of examination and grasp how to arrive at a differential diagnosis, the faculty has conducted physical and clinical examination demonstrations in actual clinical settings. To provide the students with a thorough understanding of operational surgery, surgical anatomy has been covered alongside the majority of the structures and systems. To familiarize the students with their understanding and use, a separate portion has been devoted to surgical tools and X-rays. Also, they are a crucial component of the clinical tests and are used as a tool for last-minute review prior to the final clinical exams. For every topic, theoretical aspects with practical points for operative surgeries have been provided along with important questions for university exams, PG entrance exams, and viva voice.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Which is the best Indian author book for surgery?

Ans. SRB’s manual of surgery is the best book by an Indian author, Dr. Sriram Bhat. The book is aligned according to the latest CBME curriculum and provides all the subject information required at an undergraduate level.

Which is the most affordable online course for surgery in MBBS?

Ans. Surgery for UnderGrads by DigiNerve is the best and most affordable online course for MBBS students for surgery.

What is the weightage of surgery in NEET PG and INI-CET?

Ans. In the INI-CET and NEET PG entrance exams, surgery and its allied subjects have a weightage of approximately 35 questions each.

What are the important topics of Surgery?

Ans. The important topics of surgery are Wound Healing, Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy (principles of oncology), Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV, Mechanism of coagulation, Direct inguinal hernia, Complications of Appendectomy, Deep vein thrombosis, Varicose Veins, Management of open fractures, Management of traumatic paraplegia, Fluid management in burn patient, Basal cell carcinoma, etc.

The NEET PG 2023 exam was conducted on 5^th March 2023 by NBE for admission to various MD/MS/DNB/Diploma Courses of 2023-24 academic session. Around 2,08,898 aspirants appeared for the NEET PG 2023 exam at 902 examination centres across 277 cities.

NEET PG 2023 Result Date

The NEET PG 2023 result was declared on 14^th March 2023 and can be seen at the NBEMS website, https://natboard.edu.in/ and https://nbe.edu.in. Candidates can check their score and rankings on these websites.

The individual score card of the candidates appeared in NEET PG 2023 will be available on/after 25^th March 2023.

The merit position for seats allocated under the 50% All India Quota will be announced separately. The States/UTs should produce the final merit list/category-wise merit list for State quota seats in accordance with their qualifying/eligibility requirements, applicable guidelines/regulations, and reservation policy.

NEET PG 2023 Cut-off Score

The highest marks scored by NEET PG 2023 topper is 725 out of 800 marks. This year, around 20 students scored 700+ marks and about 400 students scored 650+ in the entrance exam. According to analysis of exam paper, the NEET PG 2023 difficulty level was moderate.

The NEET PG 2023 cut-off marks for various categories are as follows in compliance with the minimal qualifying/eligibility requirements for admission to MD/MS/DNB/Diploma Programmes as stated in the NEET-PG 2023 Information Bulletin:

Category	Minimum Qualifying/Eligibility Criteria	NEET-PG Cut-off Scores (Out of 800)
General/EWS	50^th Percentile	291
General-PwBD	45^th Percentile	274
SC/ST/OBC (Including PwBD of SC/ST/OBC)	40^th Percentile	257

According to the subject matter experts of the concerned specialty, there were no technically incorrect or ambiguous questions found in the NEET PG 2023 question paper.

NEET PG 2023 Counselling

The NEET PG counselling 2023 is done by Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) for all the medical colleges under AIQ, State/Central and Deemed category. For admission at AFMC, Pune MCC only conducts its registration part and the further procedure is conducted by AFMC itself and hence, candidates must visit their official site.

The registration for the counselling can be done on Medical Counselling Committee website, www.mcc.nic.in through online mode only.

Counselling Procedure and Rounds

There will be four counselling rounds:

Rounds	Types of Counselling
Round 1 (Conducted by MCC)	AIQ, Deemed University, Central University/Institutes, DNB
Round 2 (Conducted by MCC)	AIQ, Deemed University, Central University/Institutes, DNB
Mop-Up Round- (Conducted by MCC)	AIQ, Deemed University, Central University/Institutes, DNB
Stray Vacancy Round- Conducted by MCC for AIQ, Central University/Institutes and DNB Offline – By respective Deemed University	AIQ, Deemed University, Central University/Institutes, DNB

Open seats-domicile free includes:

50% All India Quota seats
50% Seats of BHU
50% Seats of AMU
50% All India Quota seats of DU/Central Institutes (VMMC & SJH, ABVIMS & RML, ESIC, Basaidarapur)
100% DNB

Reservation Policy

The Central Government’s Reservation Policy for the NEET-PG Counselling in the All India Quota is as follows:

Category	Reservation of Seats
SC	15%
ST	7.5%
OBC – Non-Creamy Layer	27%
EWS (as per Central Government norms)	10%
PwD (Horizontal Reservation as per NMC norms)	5%

Fees to be paid at the time of Counselling Registration

At the time of registration, students are required to submit two kinds of fee, one is Non-Refundable Registration Fee and other is Refundable Security Deposit.

a. Non-Refundable Registration Fee

- For AIQ /Central University/ESIC/DNB, the Non-Refundable Registration Fee is Rs. 1000/- for UR/EWS candidates & Rs. 500/- for SC/ ST/ OBC/ PwD candidates.
- For Deemed University candidates, the Non-Refundable Registration Fee is Rs. 5000/-.

b. Refundable Security Deposit

Refundable Security Deposit will be refunded to candidates after joining the allotted college or if candidate did not get any seat during counselling procedure to the same account from which payment had been made.

- For AIQ/Central University/ESIC/DNBUR, the Refundable Security Deposit is Rs. 25,000/- for EWS candidates and Rs. 10,000/- for SC/ST/OBC/PwD candidates.
  (e.g., Any SC candidate opting for AIQ only will pay registration fee of Rs. 500/- + Rs. 10,000/- Refundable Security Deposit)

- For Deemed Universities, the Refundable Security Deposit is Rs. 2,00,000/.
  (e.g., Any candidate opting for Deemed University will have to pay Rs. 5000/- Non- Refundable fee + Rs. 2,00,000/- Refundable Security Deposit at the time of registration).

NEET PG Counselling 2023 Schedule

Round 1 Counselling Schedule

Round 1 Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Registration/Payment	27th July 2023 to 1st August 2023 (up to 12:00 PM)
Choice Filling	28th July 2023 to 2nd August 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	2nd August 2023 (from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	3rd August 2023 to 4th August 2023
Counselling Result	5th August 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	6th August 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	7th August 2023 to 13th August 2023
Verification of Joined Candidates Data by Institutes	14th August 2023 to 16th August 2023

Round 2 Counselling Schedule

Round 2 Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Verification of Tentative Seat Matrix by the Participating Institutes	17th August 2023
Registration/Payment	17th August 2023 to 21st August 2023 (up to 12:00 PM)
Choice Filling	18th August 2023 to 22nd August 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	22nd August 2023 (Starting from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	23rd August 2023 to 24th August 2023
Counselling Result	25th August 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	26th August 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	27th August 2023 to 4th September 2023
Verification of Joined Candidates Data by Institutes	5th September 2023 to 6th September 2023

Round 3 Counselling Schedule

Round 3 Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Verification of Tentative Seat Matrix by the Participating Institutes	7th September 2023
Registration/Payment	7th September 2023 to 12th September 2023 (up to 12:00 PM)
Choice Filling	8th September 2023 to 13th September 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	13th September 2023 (from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	14th September 2023 to 15th September 2023
Counselling Result	16th September 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	17th September 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	18th September 2023 to 25th September 2023
Verification of Joined Candidates Data by Institutes	26th September 2023 to 27th September 2023

Stray Vacancy Round Counselling Schedule

Stray Vacancy Round Counselling Schedule
Events	Date
Registration/Payment	28th September 2023 to 30th September 2023
Choice Filling	29th September 2023 to 1st October 2023 (till 11:55 PM)
Choice Locking	1st October 2023 (from 03:00 PM to 11:55 PM)
Processing of Seat Allotment	2nd October 2023 to 3rd October 2023
Counselling Result	4th October 2023
Uploading of Documents on MCC Portal by Candidates	5th October 2023
Reporting/Joining at College	6th October 2023 to 10th October 2023

The subjects included in the fourth year of MBBS curriculum are General Medicine, Dermatology, Psychiatry, General Surgery, Anaesthesiology, Orthopaedics, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics.

A medical student must always refer to the latest editions of the book to get the updated information revised according to the CBME curriculum.

Here’s a list of recommended books for MBBS 4^th Year students:

Best Books for General Medicine

Book	Author	Desciption
An Insider’s Guide to Clinical Medicine	Archith Boloor & Anudeep Padakanti	This is one of the best books of Medicine for the undergraduate students. The Key Features of the book are: ✓ X-rays, Spotters, Common Medicines, and Instruments are included that assists in making an early diagnosis. ✓ Contains thorough material organised in little boxes and figures, making it a convenient resource for revision. ✓ Discusses model cases and conventional presentations. ✓ Only book including chapters on mental disorders, geriatric evaluation, and rheumatology. ✓ Case sheet and diagnostic formats are included for cases in each system. ✓ With clear conceptual explanations and lots of visual memory aids, it is simple to read.
Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Medicine	Archith Boloor & Ramadas Nayak	The book caters all the MBBS undergraduates and PG aspirants. The information that has been absorbed over so many years is the core of this book. The key features of the book are: ✓ Includes all the reading material a medical student at the undergraduate level would need. ✓ Simple to read, filled with visual memory and intellectual explanations. ✓ It is a ready reckoner since it contains complete information in little boxes and figures. ✓ High-yield points for the MRCP, NEET, and other competitive examinations have been included.
Self-Assessment & Review Medicine (Part A & B)	Mudit Khanna	For the PG entrance exam preparation, this book is a must. The key features of the book are: ✓ ‘Essential Revision Notes’ are provided before each chapter to revise all relevant and crucial topics in a more systematic manner. ✓ The book methodically approaches “medicine” by segmenting its information into clinical chapters and then into logical ideas and themes. ✓ Harrison’s and CMDT’s most recent editions have been completely updated and reviewed in the book. ✓ Presents the most crucial information in a way that is “simple to recall,” including flow diagrams and tabulation. ✓ Includes a big database of questions from prior entrance exams. ✓ Dedicated section for IBQs.
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (Volume I & Volume II)	J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, & Joseph Loscalzo	The book is updated with recently authorised treatments, new practice-altering recommendations, and evidence summaries. The key features of the book are: ✓ More than a thousand clinical, pathological, and radiographic images, and schematic diagrams are included. ✓ Clinically relevant decision trees and algorithms for diagnosis and treatment are included. ✓ The latest version has been completely updated with pertinent new chapters and significant revisions throughout the field of internal medicine.

Best Books for General Surgery

Book	Author	Description
SRB’s Manual of Surgery	Sriram Bhat M	The book comprises three sections – General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgeries, and Specialties & Other Surgeries—covering every area of surgery. The key features of the book are: ✓ Each chapter begins with surgical anatomy and physiology, important pertinent investigations, and a discussion of many issues in a systematic order to give readers a flow of ideas and materials with clear language. ✓ Every chapter is aligned in accordance with the CBME curriculum. ✓ Case scenarios are supplemented with brief clinical details and related images. ✓ Throughout all chapters, novel therapy modalities, concepts, and recent advancements are introduced. ✓ The book provides complimentary online learning resources: Clinically Integrated MCQs Clinical Cases Clinical Examination Videos
Surgery Essence	Pritesh kumar Singh	The latest edition is completely revised and updated as per new CBME curriculum along with the recent advancements. The key features of the book are: ✓ The annexures contain triads, signals, investigations of options, and subjects based on the “most prevalent” types of questions to save time and aids in revision. ✓ IBQs are added for the PG entrance exam preparation. ✓ Synopsis is included before questions to help students understand the ideas and save time. ✓ New pattern based on NBE (wider coverage, concept development, one-liner approach) is included. ✓ Solved Multiple-Choice Questions (PGMEEs 2022-1985), including all recent ones (2022-2013) are added. ✓ Crucial information is highlighted in gold. ✓ Line diagrams and mnemonics are also provided.
SRB’s Clinical Methods in Surgery	Sriram Bhat M	The latest edition of the book is thoroughly according to the new CBME curriculum. The key features of the book are: ✓ Each chapter includes information on clinical assessment techniques, investigations, and a concise summary of all surgically relevant disorders. ✓ Basic general examinations are appropriately described using examples. ✓ Provides thorough instructions for clinical evaluation along with top-notch images and graphics. ✓ The book emphasises the need of thorough clinical examinations for determining the best diagnosis, course of therapy, and follow-up. ✓ Every topic includes discussion of differential diagnosis. ✓ Several chapters offer case discussions to show students how precisely clinical examination questions are phrased. ✓ Clinical pearls are included as surgical wisdom in a few chapters and are crucial while treating surgical patients. ✓ At the conclusion, there are chapters on instruments, X-rays, and specimens for a rapid glance during the practical exam in surgery. ✓ Students can scan the QR codes and access the case demonstration videos(typical surgical situations).
Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery: International Student’s Edition (set volume 1 & 2)	Norman Williams, P Ronan O’Connell & Andrew McCaskie	This book continues to be a trusted companion of medical students and surgeons and is a collection of the fundamental knowledge required for safe surgical practice. The key features of the book are: ✓ Chapter contains summary boxes with important information throughout the text. ✓ Tables, pictures, and diagrams’ uniform design and format make it easier to grasp difficult ideas. ✓ Also contains algorithms to help the reader comprehend patient care pathways. ✓ The book highlights recent significant advancements in surgical practise and those that are predicted to have a significant impact over the next ten years. ✓ Also covers paediatric surgery and organ transplantation in more detail. ✓ Readers may access supplemental material on the dedicated Bailey & Love website, which also has extended content, videos, and other tools. ✓ The pillars of safe clinical practise continue to be a thorough history taking, observation, logical reasoning, technical expertise, and postoperative patient care and is explained in the book for the students.

Best Book for Psychiatry

Book

Author

Description

Review of Psychiatry

Praveen Tripathi

It is one of the bestselling books of Psychiatry.
The latest edition of the book is thoroughly updated with the PG entrance exam questions.
The key features of the book are:

✓ The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, has been completely revised (DSM-5).

✓ This book has been developed keeping in mind the demands of students preparing for different postgraduate entrance examinations and MCI screening test.

✓ Updated completely with ICD-11.

✓ INI-CET pattern questions have been updated.

✓ Issues like the Mental Health Care Act have been updated.

✓ Updated based on the 10th editions of the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry by Kaplan and Sadock and the 7th edition of the Short Textbook of Psychiatry.

✓ Includes IBQs.

Best Books for Pediatrics

Book	Author	Description
Review of Pediatrics & Neonatology	Apurv Mehra, Meenakshi Bothra Gupta & Taruna Mehra	This is a best-selling review book on paediatrics and neonatology. The key features of the book are: ✓ To help students become familiar with current trends and test patterns, the book is enhanced with more than 3200 MCQs that are organised chronologically with recent questions. ✓ Provides a brief, point-by-point summary of each chapter, including high-yield points, mnemonics, and flow diagrams. ✓ The chapters have been divided into three sections: General Paediatrics, Neonatology, and Systemic Paediatrics. ✓ Developmental stages, prominent characteristics of significant metabolic illnesses, significant genetic syndromes, a list of “Most Common” and many other crucial high-yielding topics for last-minute review are included in the annexures. ✓ Over 500 completely coloured photos are included. ✓ Under the guise of an “integrated approach,” questions with an emphasis on images have been offered.
Ghai Essential Pediatrics	Vinod K. Paul & Arvind Bagga	A top-notch paediatrics textbook is OP Ghai Pediatrics. The key features of the book are: ✓ Excellently drawn tables, graphs, and flowcharts are provided throughout the book and explanations are simple to grasp. ✓ Every chapter generally has “Suggested Reading” at the conclusion in case a student wishes to go more into the subject. ✓ The chapters on growth, adolescent health, vaccination, infection, the gastrointestinal system, malignancies, and inborn metabolic defects have all undergone considerable rewriting and revision in the latest edition. ✓ With a wide range of distinguished authors, this paediatrics textbook is the most favoured and trusted in India for both undergraduate and graduate students.
Exam preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Pediatrics	Snehal Patel, Halak Vasavada	It is an ‘All in one’ book that covers theory, applications, PG entrance questions, and clinical practise content. The key features of the book are: ✓ Sample case presentations with frequently asked questions in viva are part of a special practical paediatrics chapter. ✓ A brand-new chapter on Covid-19 and the Covid 19 vaccinations contains myths, tragedies, and brilliant ideas is included in the latest edition of the book. ✓ For typical ward operations and competences, there are brief video snippets. ✓ Include clinical case studies at the conclusion of each chapter. ✓ Rational investigative technique, bedside realistic interpretations of frequent investigations are included. ✓ Important clinical tips in each topic—a must remember. ✓ Using flowcharts, tables, and figures, create a reader-friendly question-and-answer presentation.
UG Textbook of Pediatrics	Piyush Gupta	The NMC’s 35 Subjects and 406 key Competencies are precisely the emphasis of the revised edition of the book. The key features of the book are: ✓ Diagrams, flowcharts, and clinical pictures are abundant throughout the book to aid with comprehension and recall. They really make up the majority of the book. ✓ The text is succinct, to the point, and yet comprehensive; it is interwoven with numerous Tables and Boxes, where necessary. ✓ Case Studies that demonstrate the typical outcomes of common diseases in children are sprinkled throughout the book as an addition. ✓ Each significant topic is followed by “In A Nutshell” overview of the main ideas. So, only reading these boxes can revise the entire text. ✓ The sentences are brief, the paragraphs are concise, and the jargon has been deconstructed to make the text easier to read. ✓ The design uses colour coding to identify treatment, case studies, revision points, tables, boxes, and recommended reading.

Best Books for Orthopaedics

Book	Author	Description
Essential Orthopedics: Principles & Practice (2 Volumes)	Manish Kumar Varshney	It is one of the best books on orthopaedics for MBBS students. The key features of the book are: ✓ Updated and thoroughly edited to reflect the latest developments in the treatment of elective orthopaedic disorders. ✓ An orthopaedic trauma primer with a list of frequently occurring fractures has been included to the annexures. ✓ The foundational sciences of orthopaedics have been thoroughly covered. ✓ To establish linkage, sections are separated into bodily areas. ✓ The growth of Malunions, Musculoskeletal Imaging, Preoperative Planning, Nanotechnology, Orthopedics in the Digital Renaissance, and Neglected Trauma to Bones and Joints (Annexure 4) are a few of the new chapters that have been introduced. ✓ Addition of a large number of pertinent images and figures, as well as tabulation. ✓ Enhanced with more than 2200 insightful graphics.
Fundamentals of Orthopedics	Mukul Mohindra & Jitesh Kumar Jain	The latest edition of the book is an up-to-date, concise, and comprehensive bundle to address theory and practical exams as well as the current pattern of exams. The key features of the book are: ✓ Simplifies and thoroughly covers orthopaedic problems that are on the edge, including the spine, polytrauma, metabolic bone disorders, arthritis, skeletal dysplasia, brachial plexus palsy, thoracic outlet syndrome, and soft tissue sarcomas. ✓ New chapter on sports injuries and their recovery is introduced. ✓ Offers more than 1000 well labelled photos with similes that show all clinical and radiological symptoms in orthopaedics as well as commonly used tools and implants. ✓ Discusses High-Yield Points at the conclusion of each topic that are directed towards the prevalent style of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) ✓ Includes questions from previous year’s MCQs with textual references for the answers.
Orthopedics Quick Review (OPQR)	Apurv Mehra	OPQR has emerged as the go-to option for PG aspirants and is the best-selling book for orthopaedics globally. The key features of the book are: ✓ Succinct is exam-oriented material. ✓ Flowcharts that are self-explanatory. ✓ Images and diagrams that complement the text can help pupils comprehend fundamental ideas more clearly. ✓ Simple to remember mnemonics. ✓ After each chapter are possible Retro Analysis questions. ✓ “Summary of Ortho” is provided for quick review. ✓ Every student aiming for the Top Ranks in the PGMEE must read OPQR because Ortho is a subject that determines rank. ✓ In each topic, important topics are underlined. ✓ Genuine High Yield Questions with a fast revision designation are provided.
Chapman’s Comprehensive Orthopaedic Surgery (5 Vols.)	Michael W Chapman & Michelle A James	The latest edition of Chapman’s Comprehensive Orthopaedic Surgery is practically a brand-new book. The key features of the book are: ✓ Offers in-depth coverage of the diagnosis, medical, surgical, and rehabilitative aspects of musculoskeletal problems. ✓ The 285 chapters and 12 speciality divisions are included. ✓ Detailed coverage with more than 13,000 additional tables, flowcharts, and 3D images in full colour are provided. ✓ Surgery methods are bulleted. ✓ Boxes on Pitfalls, Complications, and Tips & Tricks are provided. ✓ ‘Information at a glance’ is crucial thanks to the authors’ point of view. ✓ The digital edition comes with improved functionality and a video library. Videos are included in Chapters 45, 48, 138, 156, 158, 193, 259, 263, and 281.
Essential Orthopaedics	Maheshwari & Mhaskar	After 25 years of publication, this book is still a favourite among students studying medicine and physiotherapy. The key features of the book are: ✓ It becomes “all-in-one” book for UG students and residents when an annexure on “Clinical Methods” is included. ✓ Free online resources include clinical cases, multiple-choice questions, and practise tests. ✓ There are Competency/Learning Goals listed at the start of each chapter. ✓ A section titled “Additional Information: From the Point of View of Entrance Exams” is provided at the end of each chapter. ✓ Reviewing the definitions of various orthopaedic terminologies is made easier by the annexed “Orthopaedic Terminology” section. ✓ Each chapter ends with a question titled “What have we learned?” for a fast recap. ✓ For improved readability and comprehension, some graphics and X-rays have been changed.
Manipal Manual of Orthopaedics	Vivek Pandey	The book is highly beneficial for MBBS students and may also be beneficial for postgraduates to review orthopaedics at the fundamental level. The key features of the book are: ✓ Content is readable, accurate, and pertinent. ✓ For ease of comprehension, the whole material has been split into two sections: trauma and cold orthopaedics. ✓ Includes pertinent graphs, flowcharts, schematics, and radiographs. ✓ For ease of comprehension and writing in exams, the majority of conditions provide the therapy as an algorithm with a written explanation. ✓ Has a tonne of revision boxes with Key Information, Notes, and Points-to-Remember highlighted. ✓ A brief description of the anatomy precedes each condition, which is then followed by pathology, clinical signs, a diagnosis, tests, and treatments.

Best Books for Obstetrics & Gynecology

Book	Author	Description
DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics (Including Perinatology & Contraception)	Hiralal Konar	The book is developed in accordance with the Competency-based Medical Education Curriculum (NMC). The book is suitable for the undergraduates, postgraduates and nursing students. The key features of the book are: ✓ Content is written in clear, plain language. ✓ Every chapter has the same, uniform information. ✓ 790 line drawings, pictures, photographs, boxes, tables, flowcharts, MR images, ultrasonograms, and skiagrams are included to enhance the text. ✓ Each chapter has undergone a comprehensive update and reorganisation to reflect modern obstetric treatment of the highest calibre. ✓ A lot of revisions and updates have been made to Ch. 13 Normal Labor, Ch. 39 Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring, Ch. 31, 32, and 33 on Perinatal Care, and Ch. 34 Analgesia and Anesthesia in Obstetrics. ✓ For ease of navigation, a list of the most used acronyms has been supplied. ✓ The supplemental reading material for advanced learning can be accessed with the QR codes. This strategy aims to support and get graduate students ready for their numerous exams.
DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology	Hiralal Konar	The book’s user-friendly layout and thoroughness make it a great resource. The key features of the book are: ✓ This book’s presentation, which includes high-quality graphics and design, voluminous illustrations (366), excellent pictures (330), and imaging studies, is what makes it stand out. ✓ There are several tables, boxes, flowcharts, and algorithms included for repeatability and simplicity of study. ✓ The essential points are at the end of each chapter to offer an outline overview of the whole chapter. This is helpful for quick and simple review. ✓ Viva questions along with explanations and answers are given for the clinical and viva voce portions of the exam.
Self-Assessment & Review Gynecology	Sakshi Arora Hans	The gold standard book for MBBS students. The key features of the book are: ✓ Completely edited and updated from Novak’s Gynecology, 15th edition, and William’s Gynecology, 3rd edition. ✓ Updates are based on the most recent revisions and recommendations. ✓ Contains a clear, full-color depiction of the text. ✓ Contains over 158 coloured pictures, USG, HSG photos, equipment, and specimens. ✓ Includes annexure tables for last minute revision. ✓ Includes all most recent tumours staging and treatment (Cervix, Vulva as per FIGO guidelines). ✓ Must-read material for taking a gynaecology test, including undergraduates, international medical graduates, interns, and post-interns.
Self-Assessment & Review Obstetrics	Sakshi Arora Hans	The latest edition of the book is extensively edited and rewritten. The key features of the book are: ✓ Content is thoroughly revised according to Williams Obstetrics 25/e. ✓ With the most recent question trends in mind, new pattern questions have been introduced to each chapter. ✓ Additional questions with images. ✓ Added a manual for CTG. ✓ Includes annexures for last-minute changes. ✓ Includes details of significant Instruments, Dopplers, and Ultrasounds. ✓ Topic of HIV is included.
Bedside Clinics in Gynecology	Arup Kumar Majhi	The book is intended mostly for MBBS students, but would be quite helpful for postgraduates as well. The key features of the book are: ✓ Chapters have been updated and edited as per the CBME curriculum. ✓ Topics covered in this book include history-taking and examinations, clinical cases, instruments, operations, specimens, and images. ✓ Includes all the topics that will be covered in the oral and practical exams. ✓ Enriched with 330 graphics and over 845 unique pictures.
Ward Rounds in Obstetrics & Gynecology	K Srinivas & Sunanda R Kulkarni	This book is quite beneficial for the UG students and residents. The key features of the book: ✓ Incorporates case-based discussions and a problem-based learning strategy. ✓ Each chapter begins with the case history, examination, and investigations before addressing the topic followed by pertinent questions and pertinent responses. ✓ The book offers skill-transfer exercise in the form of in-depth case analyses, which are extremely helpful for both undergraduate and graduate students. ✓ This book’s discussion of intensive care unit (ICU) rounds, postoperative ward rounds, the examination of a victim of sexual assault, cardiac disease in pregnancy discussed by both the obstetrician and the cardiologist, some frequently encountered problems like vulval hematoma and fever in pregnancy, the use of bedside ultrasound in obstetrics, the discussion of invasive foetal procedures, etc. are some other unique aspects of the book.

Best Books of Anaesthesiology

Book

Author

Description

Anaesthesia Essence

Pritesh Singh & Usica Chandan

It is a must buy book for PG entrance examinations.
The key features of the book are:

✓ The latest edition of the book is thoroughly revised and updated including exam pattern questions, important annexures and image-based questions.

✓ The content is updated from Miller 8^th/e, Morgan 5^th/e, Lee 13^th/e, Wiley 7^th/e, Barash 7^th/e, Stoelting 6^th/e, Dorsch 5^th/e.

✓ The book also provides the free online exam support.

Short Textbook of Anaesthesia

Ajay Yadav

Most suited book for those pursuing undergraduate and graduate degree.
The key features of the book are:

✓ Best for last-minute revision.

✓ Concentrates on the subjects that appear most frequently in pre-PG exams.

✓ A handy reference for anaesthetists in practice.

✓ Nine parts separate the text to make reading more comfortable.

✓ Key points are highlighted in italics.

✓ Each chapter’s conclusion includes a list of key points.

✓ Tabular overview of the themes has been provided, wherever necessary.

✓ Recent advancement and innovations in medications, tools, and methods are also included in the content.

✓ The American Heart Association’s (AHA) 2015 update serves as the foundation for CPR recommendations.

Best Book for Radiology

Book

Author

Description

Review of Radiology

Rajat Jain & Virendra Jain

It is the one of the bestseller books on the topic.
The key features of the book are:

✓ Based on information and ideas from the CT and MRI (Haaga), CME Series, Som and Curtin 5th/e, Dahnert 8th/e, Grainger 6th/e, Sutton, Scott, and Rumack 4th/e textbooks.

✓ Updated image-based questions.

✓ New INI-CET pattern questions are included.

✓ Contains questions from the JIPMER, WBPGMEE (2018), All India (1991–2012), AIIMS (Nov 2021–1991–2012), DNB (2012–1991–2018), and Other State Examinations (2016-1991).

✓ The content included in General Radiology, Systemic Radiology, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Scans, Few Thumb Rules in Radiology, Image-based Questions is not only intended to prepare students for exams but also for their future clinical training and day-to-day hospital employment.

Best Book for Dermatology & Venereology

Book

Author

Description

Review of Dermatology

Saurabh Jindal

It is best-selling book on Dermatology for MBBS students.
The key features of the book are:

✓ Full-color images that are incorporated with the chapter’s content.

✓ Mnemonics, high-yield charts, and memory aids are included.

✓ Conceptual diagrams have been hand-simplified in each chapter.

✓ For last-minute revision, there is a short review section at the end of each chapter.

✓ Based on Fitzpatrick 8/e, Rook’s 9/e, Bolognia 3/e, Habif 5/e, Andrews 11/e, McKee 4/e, King Holmes 4/e, Lever 10/e, and IAL 2/e of the newest standard textbooks.

✓ 807 additional full-color images and 200 additional full-color graphics are included.

To get conceptual clarity on MBBS courses online, click here

With the time and technology, medical field has undergone major changes in terms of diagnostic measures, operative and non-operative approach leading to advanced medical techniques like precision medicine, gene editing, artificial intelligence, stem cell therapy, artificial disc replacement, robotic assisted surgery, minimally invasive spine surgery and lot more. Advancement has led to the path of much diversified and specialized medical fields.

Spine surgery is a specialised field that involves the diagnosis, treatment and surgical management of conditions that affect the spine and surrounding structures. Spine surgeons play a crucial role in providing both surgical and non-surgical treatments to help patient achieve better spine health and overall quality of life. There are various sub-specialties within the spine surgery, including Orthopaedic spine surgery, Neuro spine surgery, Pediatric spine surgery, Spinal Oncology, Spine deformity surgery, and minimally invasive spine surgery.

Spine surgery is a complex medical procedure which requires specialised knowledge and expertise. While both orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons can perform the spine surgery, there are differences in their training, experience and approach to the surgery depending on the different spine deformity or injury. The experience and expertise of the surgeon are important factors to consider while choosing a surgeon for spine surgery. Both types of surgeons have a stake in the spine since it serves as the junction between the neurological system and the musculoskeletal.

It is crucial to understand that sophisticated spine surgery is performed by both neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons. These specialisations are combined in the newly developing specialty of “spinal surgery”.

Neurosurgeons for Spine Surgery:

Neuro spine surgeons are medical doctors who specialise in the diagnosis, treatment and surgical management of conditions that affect the nervous system, including the spine, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. They are trained to diagnose and treat conditions such as brain tumors, head injuries, spinal cord compression, herniated discs spinal stenosis and traumatic spinal injuries. Neuro surgeons who specialize in the spine surgery undergo additional training and subspecialty course in the domain that focusses on the spine conditions.

The neuro spine surgeons also treat conditions like stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injuries. During the training period, they gain expertise in the latest surgical techniques including the microsurgery and minimally invasive surgery as well as non-surgical treatments.

Neuro spine surgeons work closely with other specialists, including neurologists, pain management physicians, oncologists and physical therapists to provide the comprehensive approach to patient care.

Orthopaedic Surgeons for Spine Surgery:

Orthopaedic spine surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the spine, including vertebrae, discs, spinal cord and surrounding ligaments and muscles.

They perform variety of spine surgeries such as spinal fusion, laminectomy, and discectomy. Orthopaedic surgeons who specialise in the spine surgery focusses on the structural issues of the spine, such as alignment and stability, and may use instrumentation such as rods, screw and cages to correct the issue. They are trained in both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions such as herniated disc, degenerative disc diseases, scoliosis, spinal stenosis, spinal deformities to alleviate pain and restore function. They opt for the minimally invasive techniques for spine surgery, which lead to less pain and quicker recovery.

Orthopaedic Surgeon and Neurosurgeon for Spine Surgery

The main difference between the orthopaedic spine surgeon and neuro spine surgeon is their training and focus on the area of treatment.

Neurosurgeons who perform spine surgery opt a different approach than the orthopaedic surgeons. Neurosurgeons focus mainly on nerves and spinal cord and may use the techniques such as microdisectomy and laminotomy to decompress the nerves and treat conditions like spinal cord tumors and vascular malformations whereas orthosurgeons focus mainly on structural issues of the spine and related muscles and ligaments.

While both the orthopaedic spine surgeon and neuro spine surgeon perform the similar surgeries such as spinal fusion, laminectomy and discectomy, their training and approach may differ based on their specialty. Orthopaedic spine surgeons may approach spine surgeries from a biomechanical perspective while neuro spine surgeons may focus more on the neurological aspects of spine surgery.

It is prime responsibility of a spine surgeon to utilize the latest technologies and techniques that includes minimally invasive surgery to provide the most effective treatment options for their patients. In some cases, both the specialists work together as part of a multidisciplinary team to provide the best possible care.

How to become a Spine Surgeon in India?

After completing grade 12^th with the PCB stream, becoming a spine surgeon in India typically involves the following steps:

- Obtain a medical undergraduate degree: First, you will need to obtain a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree from a recognized medical college or university in India. This typically takes five and a half years to complete including one-year internship at a hospital or medical institution recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI). For getting admission into medical college for MBBS degree, you will be mandatorily required to clear the NEET-UG entrance exam with the required cut off score and rank.
  Click here to read complete information regarding NEET-UG entrance examination.

- Obtain a master’s degree: To become a spine surgeon, you have options to choose your PG specialty. You will need to clear the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test-postgraduate (NEET-PG) or INI-CET entrance examination for admission to a MD/MS program in India. You can pursue a 3-year Master of Surgery (MS) degree in Orthopaedics or General Surgery.
  Click here to enroll in the MBBS courses online for NEET-PG preparation.
  You also have an option to pursue DNB course in Neurosurgery/Orthopaedics. For admission to DNB courses, you must clear the DNB-PDCET entrance examination with the required cut off and score.

- Complete a Residency: After completing your master’s programme, you will need to complete a residency program in area of your PG expertise. This will provide you with the necessary clinical experience and training in the surgery specialty.

- Obtain a super specialisation degree: After completing MS/DNB degree, you may need to further pursue the super specialisation in Neurosurgery (M.Ch) for pursuing a career as a spine surgeon. You have to successfully clear the NEET-SS entrance examination for admission to M.Ch courses.

- Fellowship in Spine Surgery: After completing the residency of your respective medical course, you need to pursue a fellowship program in spine surgery to specialize in this field. Students who have earned a DNB, MD, MS, M.Ch, or DM in the relevant speciality are eligible for entry to the NBEMS fellowship programme. Anyone with a medical degree in DNB/MS Orthopaedics or DNB/M.Ch Neurosurgery who have passed the FET (Fellowship Entrance Exam) and meets the requirements for admission to fellowship programmes at the various NBE-accredited medical colleges, institutions, and hospitals in India is eligible to participate in the centralised counselling for the allocation of FNB Spine Surgery seats solely on the basis of merit and preference. There are many institutes in India which offer fellowship program in spine surgery.
  Click here to learn latest surgical techniques with the case-based spine surgery videos by the eminent surgeons.

- Obtain your fellowship and License: Student who pass the Fellowship Exit Examination are recognised as Fellow of the National Board (FNB) or Fellow of the National Board – Post Doctoral (FNB-PD) at the NBEMS annual convocation.

Once you have received your certification and completed your education and training, you will need to obtain a license to practice as a spine surgeon in India. You will need to register with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or the respective state medical council in order to practice medicine in India.

As a spine surgeon, it is important to keep your knowledge and skills up to date by regularly attending conferences, seminars, and workshops on spine surgery. This will help you stay updated with the latest techniques and advancements in the field and latest surgical and non-surgical approaches.

It is highly important for the medical students to carefully choose their medical specialty and subspecialty. Medical professional pursuing the course or fellowship in neurosurgery or orthopaedics and is interested in the spine surgery specialty can enroll in online spine surgery courses 2023. These courses provide detailed real life case demonstrations of spine surgery.

Orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons may learn about the most recent methods and techniques in the field of spine surgery from the Ganga Videos on Spine Surgery course, a collection of 50 spine surgery videos. It includes minimally invasive and neurosurgical techniques, as well as treatments for spinal deformities, all carried out by renowned and skilled surgeons. The key feature of the course includes 10 hours of video lectures, 31 lecture notes, over 60 benchmark trials, and 150 self-assessment questions.

This spine surgery online courses include video lectures that demonstrate operations together with the clinical information about the patient, pertinent images, a brief explanation of the process, the actual surgical procedure, potential problems, post-operative treatment, and follow-up.

Brief summaries of the important topics are discussed in the lectures to help the candidates. Multiple-choice questions that are given at the conclusion of each lecture allow applicants to gauge their level of comprehension of the subject. To improve students’ understanding, video lectures and study guides are supplemented with clinical research investigations and benchmark trials.

Overall, becoming a spine surgeon in India requires a significant amount of education and training and lot of hard work and patience, but it can be a rewarding career for those who are dedicated to help patients with spine-related conditions.

Doctor of Medicine in Dermatology, Venerology, and Leprosy is a three year postgraduate degree. Dermatology is the area of medicine that deals with illnesses of the skin, hair, and nails. The course provides students with cutting-edge techniques, skills, and research to treat patients suffering from skin diseases. With both medical and surgical components, it is a distinctive specialty. Initial medical, transitional, or surgical components make up the curriculum of the MD Dermatology. The course engages students through Journal Clubs, Subject Seminars, Student Symposium, Ward Rounds, Clinical Case Presentations, Clinico-Pathological Conference (CPC), Inter-Departmental Meetings, Pathology and Radiodiagnosis Cases, Teaching Skills, Conferences, and Clinical Postings.

In MD Dermatology, the final evaluation comprises of 3 parts:

1. Thesis: It must be submitted at least six months before the practical examination.

2. Theory Examination: PG Dermatology has four papers and each of three hours duration. Each paper consists of long essay questions, short essay questions and short notes.

Paper	Subject
I	Basic Science as applied to Dermatology, STDs and Leprosy
II	Dermatology
III	STD & Leprosy
IV	Recent advances in field of Dermatology, Applied Sciences pertaining to skin/VD & internal medicine and skin

3. Clinical/Practical and viva voce Examination: The practical examination comprises of long answer and short answer cases and 10 spots. Students are evaluated on their ability to interpret data, knowledge and application of instruments, clinical issues, radiological and biochemical tests, slides, medications, X-rays, and other information during oral/viva voce exams.

A medical professional can enroll in PG Dermatology e-lecture series to supplement their college lectures and practical sessions. Online e-lecture series benefits the medico learning at their own pace and maintaining the work-life balance. It also keeps them updated with the recent advances in the field and provides them the access to real life case scenarios. Audio-visual learning of the clinical cases and case demonstration leads to better comprehension and understanding.

DigiNerve’s Dermatology MD E-Lecture Series by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar and Dr. S. Sacchidanand

The Dermatology MD is an e-lecture series is crafted by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar and Dr. S. Sacchidanand, the Head Editors of Dermatology MD, in conjunction with India’s 78 esteemed professors.

The 14 modules that make up the 71 hour-long Dermatology MD e-lecture series include 109 topics that are significant from an academic, clinical, and surgical perspective. All of the series’ topics have been carefully chosen with the most frequently asked questions and informational needs of postgraduate students in mind. Examples include dealing with skin lesions, learning about rare diseases, and medico-legal issues.

The e-lecture series also provides 204+ benchmark trials and 570+ self-assessment questions to support the concepts. The cases have been thoroughly discussed, with a focus on the clinical findings and thorough workup required to make the proper diagnosis. With the help of surgical videos and animated sequences of various procedures, this online lecture series will also help practitioners improve their clinical and surgical dermatological skills. The concept understanding will take on a completely new dimension thanks to the in-video demonstration of the various surgeries being carried out.

To help students develop a thorough understanding of each topic and to meet their exam and clinical needs, the Dermatology e-lecture series are profusely illustrated with clinical, histopathological, and surgical images as well as flowcharts, tables, and boxes, as needed.

The 1000+ spotters now include a separate section of flashcards that includes illustrations of rare dermatology cases as well as all significant clinical presentations and lesions under each topic. The series includes a drug formulary to allow quick access to various medications during the ward rounds.

The key features of the e-lecture series include:

74+ Hours of Video Lectures
106 Well-Illustrated Notes
560+ Self-Assessment Questions
1000+ Spotters
Interactive Drug Formulary
204+ Evidence-Based Studies/Benchmark Trials
Engagement Activities

Dermatology MD E-Lecture Series Content

Orientation

Orientation Video by Dr. Rashmi Sarkar
Orientation Video by Dr. S. Sacchidanand

Module 1: Basics of Clinical Dermatology

Growth and Development of Skin and Its Functions
Skin and Its Interaction with Environment

Module 2: Dermatitis

Atopic Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Photodermatoses
Prurigo nodularis: Management
Pruritus and Prurigo and Their Management
Occupational Dermatoses
Nummular Eczema, Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Module 3: Psoriasiform and Lichenoid diseases

Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis
Parapsoriasis and Pityriasis Lichenoides
Pityriasis Rosea
Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Disorders
Management of Psoriasis
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris

Module 4: Pigmentary skin disorders

Hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation disorders
Albinism and Genetic Pigmentation Disorders

Module 5: Vesicobullous Disorders

Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Pemphigus
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Bullous Pemphigoid
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa

Module 6: Autoimmune Skin Disorders and Rheumatologic Disorders

Lupus Erythematosus
Dermatomyositis
Systemic Sclerosis
Morphea and Lichen Sclerosus
Psoriatic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis
Role of JAK Inhibitors in Dermatology
Relapsing Polychondritis

Module 7: Hair, Nail, Mucosa, Adnexa and Connective tissue

Acne and Acneiform Eruptions
Rosacea and Related Diseases
Disorders of Eccrine and Apocrine Glands
Non Scarring Alopecia
Scarring Alopecia
Disorders of Eccrine & Apocrine Glands
Hirsutism and Hypertrichosis
Nail Dermatoses
Dermal Hypertrophies
Serology in Connective Tissue Disorders
Panniculitis
Lipodystrophies
Disorders of Oral Cavity and Mucos

Module 8: Skin Neoplastic Diseases

Premalignant Conditions of Skin
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma
Vascular Tumor and Malformations
Malignant Melanoma
Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas
Mastocytosis
Histiocytosis

Module 9: Skin and Systemic Diseases

Skin Changes in Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrine Diseases
Skin Changes in Systemic Diseases and Cutaneous Markers of Internal Malignancies
Sarcoidosis
Metabolic Disorders: Acquired
Metabolic Disorders: Inherited
Nutritional Disorders of Skin

Module 10: Vascular Diseases

Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Chronic Non Healing ulcers: How to Optimise Healing
Vasculitis
Sclerotherapy: Role in Dermatology
Neutrophilic Dermatoses

Module 11: Infectious diseases of skin

Mycobacterial Skin Diseases
Leprosy- Disability and Rehabilitation
Superficial Fungal Infections
Deep Fungal Infections
Leishmaniasis and Other Protozoal Infections
Scabies, Pediculosis, and Other Infestations
Bites and Stings

Module 12: Sexually transmitted diseases

Syphilis
Chancroid
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
Cutaneous manifestations of COVID 19

Module 13: Topical and Systemic treatments

Principles of Topical Therapy in Dermatology
Glucocorticoids
Retinoids
Topical Antibacterials
Systemic Antibacterials
Management of Lepra Reactions
Antifungal Agents
Cytotoxic and Antimetabolic Agents
Antiviral Drugs
Molecular Targeted Therapies
Antiangiogenic Agents
Sunscreen in Dermatology
Management of Chronic Urticaria

Module 14: Procedural Dermatology

Perioperative Considerations in Dermatologic Surgery
Laser hair removal
Excisional Surgery and Repair, Flaps, and Grafts
Management of Keloids
Laser and Light-Based Treatments: Hair Removal Optimisation
Laser and Light-Based Treatments: Qs Nd YAG- Basics, Pearls and Indications
Laser and Light-Based Treatments: Energy Based Devices- Scars and More
Surgical management of Vitiligo
Noninvasive Body Contouring
Chemical Peeling
Microneedling
Evolution of Liposuction: Manual-Powered-Laser
Fat Transfer
Botulinum Toxin in Dermatology
Surgical management of acne scars
The journey of resurfacing: From manual to Lasers and EBDS

Drug Formulary

Objectives of MD Dermatology E-Lecture Series

The student should be familiar with the fundamental sciences as they relate to dermatology, including anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, and pharmacology.
The learner should become deeply knowledgeable about his or her subject including recent developments and latest techniques.
The student should be well-versed in all bedside practices, including diagnostic and therapeutic ones, and knowledgeable of the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic options.
The student should have gained procedural and practical knowledge of the subject using pertinent investigations, critically analyse, start an investigation, and clinically manage cases of leprosy, venereology, and dermatology.
Plans and recommendations for patient rehabilitation and prevention should be made.
Capable of ensuring the execution of national health programmes, notably in leprosy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Develop your training in the following areas: professionalism, attitude, research methods, and communication skills.
The student must be able to analyse published studies, develop a research project, explore library and internet resources, and understand the fundamentals of research technique.
Should be able to conduct ethical dermatological practice.
Acknowledge the patients’ medical demands and fulfill professional duties in accordance with professional ethics and the National Health Policy’s guiding principles.
The student should gain competency in teaching medical/paramedical students and master the fundamentals of teaching approach.
Needed to have developed problem-solving abilities.

Best Way to Study MD Dermatology

Along with attending the regular lectures, practical sessions, postings and seminars, a postgraduate dermatology student should also keep in mind the following points:

A Postgraduate Specialist who has completed the necessary training should be able to identify the community’s health needs, be competent to handle medical issues effectively, and be aware of recent developments in his field of expertise.
A medical student should have a solid foundation in teaching medical and paramedical students.
Additionally, he or she should be familiar with the fundamentals of research methodology and library consultation techniques.
PG Dermatology students should actively participate in all lectures, seminars, symposia, interdepartmental meetings, and other events. They are exposed to modern developments by taking part in symposiums, CMEs, and journal clubs. This will enable them to concentrate on the objectives, approaches, comments, interactions, and conclusions.
In order to have an impact on patient management, postgraduate students should engage in bedside conversations during rounds and outpatient instruction.
A thorough history and case record should be kept by the medical student.
Always uphold ethical principles, maintain appropriate demeanor when interacting with patients, family members, and other healthcare professionals, and respect the patient’s rights, including the right to information and a second opinion.
Learn how to conduct a physical examination, make a diagnosis, and manage patients with leprosy, venereology, and dermatological conditions.
Medico must possess a systematic ability to recognize, group, and distinguish cutaneous findings using dermatological terminology.
A medical practitioner must be able to conduct systemic exams (chest, cardiac, abdomen, neurological, genitalia, oral, and eye exams) pertinent to dermatologic conditions.
A medico must learn handling emergencies involving the skin, including Angioedema, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), Pemphigus, drug reactions, and Necrotic Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL).
They must be able to independently carry out routine laboratory tests related to cutaneous diagnosis, such as Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount, Woods lamp examination, Gram stain, Giemsa stain, stains, Culture media, Acid fast bacilli stain etc.
Must be able to request pertinent investigations and interpret the results to make a diagnosis. Must be knowledgeable about other recent investigations.
A medico must learn to make incisions and apply sutures and stitches and should receive training in performing skin and nail biopsies.
Ability to independently perform manual dermabrasion, skin punch grafting, chemical peels, and wound dressing.
It is advised to get a clear hand in conducting slit smears, tissue smears, patch and photopatch tests, chemical cauterization, cryotherapy, and these tests.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. How many years is MD in dermatology?

Ans. MD Dermatology is a three year postgraduate course in the medical field.

Q2. What are the subspecialty in dermatology in India?

Ans. The subspecialities in field of Dermatology are Pediatric Dermatology, Dermatosurgery, Cosmetic Dermatology, Dermatopathology, Laser Dermatology, Trichology, and Mohs Surgery.

Q3. What is the salary of a MD in Dermatology in India?

Ans. The average salary of a MD Dermatology in India is around 10-12 lakhs. The salary of a medical professional differs due to various factors, such as geographical area, public or private sector, job profile, experience and more.

NEET-UG is a single window entrance examination for admission to undergraduate medical courses (MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BSMS, BUMS, and BAMS courses) in all medical institutions, including government or private colleges and universities.

Since 2020, admission to AIIMS and JIPMER for MBBS/BDS courses is also done through the NEET-UG exam. In 2022, approximately 18.7 lakh aspirants were registered for NEET-UG entrance examination. All nationalities are eligible to participate in NEET (UG)-2023, including Indians, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCI), and Foreign Nationals.

NEET UG 2023 Conducting Body

National Testing Agency (NTA) is a conducting body for the NEET-UG entrance examination since 2019. In order to determine a candidate’s aptitude for admission to prestigious higher education institutions, NTA, a top testing organization, conducts effective, transparent, and standard examinations.

Important Dates

Particulars	Date
Release of NEET-UG Information Bulletin 2023	06 March 2023
NEET UG 2023 Application Form Release Date	06 March 2023
Last Date to Submit Online Application Form	06 April 2023 (up to 09:00 PM)
Last Date of successful transaction of fee	06 April 2023 (up to 11:50 PM)
NEET-UG 2023 Admit Card Release Date	To be announced
NEET UG 2023 Exam Date and Timing	7^th May 2023, 02:00 PM to 05:20 PM (IST)
NEET UG 2023 Result Date	To be announced

NEET-UG 2023 Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria for MBBS and BDS Course

Candidate must have completed the age of 17 at the time of admission or will attain that age on or before 31 December of the admission year to the first year of the UG medical course.
In order to enroll in undergraduate medical programs at a foreign medical or dental institutes, Indian citizens and Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) candidates must also pass the NEET (UG) exam.
Moreover, in order to qualify for NEET (UG) – 2023, the applicant must have earned at least 50% aggregate in Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English in addition to passing in each of these subjects separately. For admission to undergraduate medical programmes, they to have a rank on the NEET (UG)-2022 merit list.
For candidates from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes (NCL) or Unreserved and General-EWS, the minimum marks in the qualifying examination taken together for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Biotechnology shall be 40%.
In addition to fulfilling the above mentioned eligibility criteria, NRI and OCI applicants must attach a Certificate from the relevant Indian Diplomatic Mission in the nation of their residency with their online NEET-UG application form to confirm their claim that they are an NRI or OCI candidate and save the original proof of such document to present it when applying for admission to NEET-eligible courses at the time of counselling.
In a similar vein, a foreign applicant for NEET (UG) 2023 must submit Documentary Proof in support of their nationality along with their online application form (for example, current passport or a certificate from the competent authority in their country regarding their citizenship status).
OCI cardholders can only take up the admission against the availability of NRI seat or any supernumerary seat.

Common Services Centre/Facilitation Centres

As part of the Hon. Prime Minister’s Digital India efforts, candidates who are unable to submit their applications online owing to a variety of obstacles can use the services of the Common Services Centre by Government of India. The Common Services Center (CSC) programme is run at the village panchayat level by a village-level entrepreneur as part of the ambitious National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) of the Government of India (VLE).

They will assist applicants from urban and rural regions in submitting their application forms online and making payment using an e-wallet. The website www.csc.gov.in has a list of the Common Services Center. More than 1.5 lakh Common Services Centers (CSC) are located throughout the nation. The website www.csc.gov.in has a list of the Common Services Center.

NEET UG 2023 Application Form: Step by Step Procedure

Step 1: NEET UG 2023 Registration

Applicants are required to sign up and register with the correct phone number and mail id. Signup for the Online Application Form and write down the Application Number that the system generates.
The applicant must complete the registration with all necessary information. Moreover, select Security and generate a password.
You are required to choose security question and enter an answer.
An Application number will be produced upon the successful submission of the personal information; use it to complete the next steps of the application form and refer to it in any future contact.
The applicant will be able to log in directly for subsequent times using the system-generated Application Number and Password they created.

Step 2: NEET UG 2023 Application form

Candidates can log in using the system-generated Application Number and pre-created Password.
Complete the application form, which includes filling out personal information, selecting the medium of the question paper and the examination cities, educational information and uploading pictures and applicable documents.
The application form comprises of:
- Registration Page which includes personal details, present address, permanent address, password, security pin.
- Application page whi

NEET-UG 2023: Counseling Schedule, Fee & More

NEET-UG 2023 Counselling Schedule (Central and State Counseling)

NEET UG Counselling 2023 Schedule (Round-wise)

Round 1 Counselling Schedule

Round 2 Counselling Schedule

Round 3 Counselling Schedule

Stray Vacancy Round Counselling Schedule

NEET-UG 2023 Counselling Fee

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

Important and High-yielding Topics of Biochemistry for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. What are the important topics of Biochemistry in MBBS?

Q2. Is Biochemistry subject important subject for NEET-PG?

Q3. Which are the recommended books of Biochemistry for MBBS students?

Q4. What are the core topics of Biochemistry in MBBS?

Q5. Is Biochemistry hard in MBBS?

MBBS Prof Exam Pattern

Subject Weightage in NEET-PG and INI-CET

Important and High-yielding Topics of Physiology for MBBS Prof Exams, NEET-PG, and INI-CET Entrance Examination

General Physiology

Hematology

Nerve Muscle Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

Cardiovascular Physiology

Renal Physiology

Alimentary System

Endocrine System

Reproductive Physiology

Special Senses

Central Nervous System

Miscellaneous Topics

Other Important topics for MBBS Prof Exam

Normal Value of:

Define:

Difference:

Short Note:

Labeled diagram/flow chart /tables:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the major topics of Physiology in MBBS?

Q2. Is Physiology a subject important for NEET PG?

Q3. Which are the recommended books of Physiology for MBBS students?

List of top medical colleges in India according to the NIRF Ranking 2023

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. How are NIRF scores calculated?

Q2. Which is the No. 1 medical college in India?

Q3. How to get admission into top medical colleges for pursuing MBBS/MD/MS degree?

Q4. How many rounds of Counselling are there in NEET-UG 2023?

Q5. What is the validity of NEET results?

Q6. Who is eligible for the NEET state quota?

Key Features of the Course

Organ Donation Simplified Course Includes:

Benefits of Enrolling in the Organ Donation Simplified Online Course

Table of Contents – Critical Care Simplified Course by Dr. Rahul Pandit and Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe

Our Esteemed Chief Editors of the Course

Dr. Rahul Pandit

Dr. Kapil G. Zirpe

Critical Care Simplified Course includes:

Dr. Yatin Mehta

Dr. Subhal Dixit

Branches of Radiology

Diagnostic Radiology

Interventional Radiology

Radiation Oncology

Steps for Becoming a Radiologist

Click here to get conceptual clarity in the MBBS subjects.

List of Radiology Subspecialties

Skills Required for Becoming a Radiologist

Scope and Salary of a Radiologist in India

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Is radiologist a good career option?

Q3. Which institute is best for Radiology?

Q2. Can I do MD after BSc radiology?

MBBS Course at KGMU, Lucknow

Fee Structure for MBBS Course at KGMU, Lucknow:

Hostel Fee at KGMU for MBBS Students:

List of PG Specialization along with the number of seats:

Fee Structure of PG (MD/MS) Courses at KGMU, Lucknow

List of DM Courses along with Number of Seats

List of M.Ch. Courses along with the Number of Seats

List of PDCC & Fellowship Courses